Digital Commons Network^™

Immunological Response Of Rats Fed Decreasing Levels Of Dietary Iron And Calcium With Or Without Vitamin D, Bernice Nell Neibaur

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A considerable amount of research has shown that a severe dietary deficiency of protein or vitamins will markedly depress antibody synthesis. Very little work has been done with the effect of mineral deficiencies on antibody production, and no evidence has been presented showing the relationship of the effects of small changes in nutrient intake to the sensitivity of the antibody response to small degrees of malnutrition and the relationship of dietary iron, calcium and vitamin D to the production of antibodies.

In two experiments, it was shown that as the level of iron in the diet is decreased, the production …

The Post-Reinforcement Pause And Terminal Rate In Fixed-Interval Schedules, Charles A. Lund

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

California Quail were exposed to fixed-interval schedules whose values ranged from FI 90 to FI 180. Post-reinforcement pause lengths and terminal rates were recorded and grouped into relative frequency distributions. The relative post-reinforcement pause length was found to be an increasing function of FI value such that at larger FI values a proportionally greater period of time was taken up by the post-reinforcement pause. Terminal rate (rate during the final 20% of the interval) was a decreasing function of FI value. The large amounts of variability in terminal rates observed indicated that terminal rate in fixed-interval schedules is not constant …

An Evaluation Of A Self-Guided Visitor Tour At Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Steven J. Kohler

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In 1967 this study was initiated to evaluate the self-guided visitor tour of Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge. A 20 page visitor information booklet and tour guide was prepared and published for distribution at the refuge, and its effectiveness in telling the refuge story was evaluated. To gain a measure of the self-guided tour in terms of quality, visitor use patterns and satisfactions were critically examined.

To gather data on visitor use of the refuge, the visiting public was directly sampled by three methods: mail questionnaires, on-site interviews and candid tower observations of groups on the tour.

The information and …

Ecological Life History Of Rudbeckia Occidentalis Nutt, Juan Arturo Florez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Phenological studies of coneflower on aspen range in Northern Utah showed that resumption of growth of mature plants begins at the time of snow melt and the initial or rosette stage is completed between mid-May and mid- June. The rate of growth in this stage is controlled by temperature, being greater at higher mean temperatures. The bolting stage is completed about 1 week after the initiation of stem elongation and the process of capitulum development is begun. Flowering is initiated between late July and mid- August. Cross-pollination is necessary for seed set which is completed by the end of August. …

Serum Lipids And Urinary Estrogens Of Non-Pregnant Menstruating Young Women, Shiao-Fan Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twelve university women students served as experimental subjects in a study of the serum lipids and urinary estrogens of healthy nonpregnant menstruating young women, who were living under their usual conditions.

The subjects maintained constant weight on their ordinary diets during the entire study period. Antecubital blood and 24-hour urine specimens were collected on certain days which represented different stages of the menstrual cycle. Quantitative analyses were made on serum total cholesterol, lipid phosphorus (phospholipids), triglycerides and total lipids. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the fatty acid composition of each serum lipid component was also made. Urinary estrone, 17β- estradiol and …

Effects Of Zinc Deficiency On Hemoglobin, Red Cell Counts, Red Cell Fragility And Circulating And Storage Levels Of Zinc, Iron And Copper In The Rat, Rekha R. Dalvi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of zinc deficiency on hemoglobin, red cell counts, red cell fragility, storage of erythropoietic minerals in livers and circulating levels of zinc, iron and copper in the rat.

In the experiment 1, twenty weanling rats were divided into four groups. Two groups were fed zinc-deficient diet ( <0.5 ppm); and two groups, zinc-supplemented diet (50 ppm). The rats in the first and third groups were bled three times a week (bled), however the rats in remaining groups were bled once a week (non-bled). All rats received ad libitum food.

Mean food intake per day was considerably less for zinc-deficient rats than that for zinc-supplemented rats. Approximately 2 to 3 times as much food was required for each gram of body weight gained by the zinc-deficient group as by the controls.

In the experiment 2, …

Investigations Of Unusual Curly Top Symptoms In Grafted Tomato Plants And Early Leafhopper Feeding Effects Upon Tomato Seedlings, Donald Eldon Gardner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

To determine possible unusual effects of resistant plants upon symptom expression of curly top disease in susceptible tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), tops of susceptible plants were grafted to lower stems and roots of resistant plants and inoculated. The resistant plants used were wild relatives of L. esculentum: L. peruvianum var. dentatum Dun. and L. peruvianum var. humifusum C. H. Mul. Reciprocal grafts, in which tops of dentatum plants were grafted to lower stems and roots of L. esculentum, were also made and inoculated.

External symptoms in the grafted plant tops were observed and compared with those of nongrafted, …

The Effect Of Chromosomal Position On Dosage Compensation And Ontogenic Expression Of The V+ Gene In D. Melanogaster, Jack E. Tobler

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two manifestations of gene regulation-- dosage compensation and ontogenic regulation--were examined in normally positioned and relocated v⁺ genotypes in Drosophila melanogaster to determine the role of gene position in these control functions. Enzyme assays, used as criteria of gene activity, were performed on various genotypes containing different doses of v⁺ in normal and relocated positions in male and female flies. The results indicate that although differently positioned v⁺ genes may specify different tryptophan pyrrolase activities, they still show dosage compensation. In each case, the enzyme activity associated with each gene, either on the X, Y, or third …

An Electrophysiological Study Of The Oral Plate Sensory Organs Of The Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.), Rodney R. Seeley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The oral plate sense organs of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., have been investigated employing an electrophysiological technique which allows simultaneous stimulation and recording.

The results of the study present evidence that the four bipolar sense cells innervating the sensory papillae on the oral surface of the hypopharynx are chemoreceptors. The sensory papillae respond to cations, glucose, water, and amino acids. Evidence for the absence of a mechanosensory cell is presented. The data concerning the sensory structures agree with the current theories of chemoreception.

Isolation And Characterization Of Autosomal Male Sterile Mutants In Drosophila Melanogaster, Lynn J. Romrell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In order to study the genetic control of spermiogenesis, recessive, male-sterile, autosomal mutants of Drosophila melanogaster were induced with ethyl methanesulfonate. A total of 31 mutants were recovered, 15 of which were located on the second chromosome and 16 on the third chromosome. Eight second- and 6 third-chromosome mutants demonstrating sterility in all homozygous males were used for further analysis.

Complementation tests showed that 2 of the 8 second chromosome mutants (and none of the 6 third chromosome mutants) were noncomplementing, indicating that two of the mutants produced were alleles of the same locus. Mapping of the second chromosome mutants …

Water In Relation To The Establishment Of Chukar Partridge In Utah Deserts, James R. Messerli

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects artificial watering devices (guzzlers) have on chukar (Alectoris graeca) populations were studied in Juab County, Utah.

The effect of water was determined by a comparision of chukar populations near guzzlers with water to guzzlers without water. The closure of two guzzlers had a pronounced effect on the distribution of chukars and the number of chukars decreased significantly at the two guzzlers after their closure.

Water concentrated the chukars, therefore, influencing their activities. During the water-critical period, between 1 July and 1 October, frequent, possibly daily, trips were made to water by chukars.

Reproduction and chick survival …

An Economic Appraisal Of On-Farm Water Management Practices In Developing Countries: A Study Of Summer Rice Production In Guayas Rivers Basin, Ecuador, Thomas L. White

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary objective of this study was to examine rice production methods, with special emphasis on irrigation-water management practices used by producers from all levels of management in the Guayas River Basin, Ecuador. To do this, rice producers were divided into four categories on the basis of the level of mechanization of their operation, use of purchased inputs, and the level of investment in irrigation facilities and general management practices. The levels of investment in irrigation facilities ranged from 7,000 to 500 sucres per hectare, and mechanization of production varied from almost total use of machinery for cultivation operations to …

Economic Impact Of Meeting Environmental Standards On Utah Cattle Feeders, P. Parry Olson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This thesis is an analysis and description of pollution problems caused by large feedlots in Utah. A description of pollution caused by cattle feedlots is undertaken as part of the study.

The 26 feedlots analyzed had a capacity to/or did feed over 1,000 head. They were broken down into four groups on the basis of their pollution problems: those having no apparent pollution problem, those having minor problems, those having major problems, and those requiring relocation.

The cost impact of meeting environmental standards with regard to runoff control was found to be very slight for the cattle feeding industry as …

Behavioral Contrast In Children, Wenden Wayne Waite

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The present study was conducted as a systematic replication of earlier work investigating the phenomenon of behavioral contrast. Behavioral contrast has been consistently reported in alternating two component multiple schedules using infra-human subjects. The present study was interested in answering the question, "Does behavioral contrast exist in humans?"

Two experiments were performed which investigated the behavioral contrast and sequential contrast phenomena in children. In both experiments, lever press responses were analyzed using an ABA single-subject design. The children were instructed to press a lever to obtain as many tokens as possible. In Experiment I, six Ss were equally divided into …

The Effects And Desirability Of Utilizing Dried Whey In Selected Food Products, Katherine P. Robinson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects and desirability of utilizing dried whey in pie crust, muffins, and beef gravies were studied using taste panel evaluations and objective testings.

In pastry the addition of whey caused significant changes. As the whey level increased to 10 percent of the flour weight, the crust became browner during baking and the shortometer recorded an increase in tenderness. The taste panel noted as whey levels increased to 10 percent and above that the color became yellow instead of creamy white; the flavor became undesirable; and pastry became less tender and flaky.

Whey significantly increased the desirability of muffins by …

The Influence Of Various Energy Sources On Microbial Protein Synthesis From Biuret As Determined By Artificial Rumen Fermentation, Jenny Eggleston

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Barley, cornstarch, crested wheatgrass, glucose, molasses and solka floc were fermented with rumen fluid obtained from sheep that were adapted or unadapted to feed grade biuret (Kedlor) in their diet. Each rumen fluid and substrate combination was subjected to three nitrogen treatments: (1) control, (2) nitrogen added as feed grade biuret and (3) reagent grade biuret in a factoral arrangement of treatments. In vitro fermentations were terminated at 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours and the protein nitrogen insoluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was determined.

Molasses and cornstarch fermentation residues increased while barley, crested wheatgrass, glucose and solka floc decreased …

The Effects Of Telone And Related Compounds On The Synthesis And Degradation Of Carotenoids In Plants, David L. Berry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The incorporation of 3-¹⁴C-,B-hydroxy-, B-methylglutaric acid (HMG) vii into carotenoids of excised etiolated maize shoots, crude cell free extracts and soluble extracts (20, 000 x g) of maize was investigated. HMG was effectively incorporated into carotenoids of excised shoots, crude extracts and soluble extracts. The excised shoots, crude extracts and soluble extracts incorporated 2-¹⁴C-mevalonic acid (MVA) into carotenoids as well. The results indicated the presence of HMG-CoA reductase in the plant as well as an HMG activating enzyme. The soluble extract showed a pH optimum of 7. 0 for incorporation of HMG into …

Effects Of Soil Fumigations With Telone And Nemagon On Physio-Chemical And Ultrastructural Changes In Carrot Roots And Sweet Corn Seeds, Maureen Mei-Chu Chen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Carrots (Daucus carota L. cv. Royal Chantenay) and sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Iochief) were grown on the Utah State University's Greenville farm in 1969 and 1970. The soil was fumigated with Telone (a mixture of 1, 3-dichloropropene and other chlorinated hydrocarbons) at the rates of 10, 20, and 30 gal/acre and Nemagon (1, 2-dibromo-3-chloropropane) at the rates of 1, 2, and 3 gal/acre one week before planting. Samples of uniformly mature carrot roots were taken for the studies of total carotenes, β-carotene, total and reducing sugars, respiration, and ultrastructural changes; and those of sweet corn seeds for the …

Effects Of Water Quality On Physico-Chemical And Organoleptic Characteristics Of Selected Canned Fruits And Vegetables, Anita Kay Wilson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of processing water quality, specifically calcium and magnesium salt content (0-500 mg/1) and the addition of chelating agents (0-250 mg/1 of aminopolycarboxylic acids, polyphosphates, hydroxycarboxylic acids or phytates), upon physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of canned Jonathan and Delicious apple slices, Montmorency cherries and Blue Lake green beans was investigated.

Physical determinations: shear values, turbidity of syrup or brine measured via light transmittance, Hunter color and color difference meter readings and internal can corrosion; chemical composition: pectin as calcium pectate, volatile reducing substances, total acidity, pigment determinations, nitrate-nitrogen values; and sensory measurements: texture, shape, flavor, aroma, color value and …

Optimum Enterprise Combinations For Representative Farms In Seven Counties Of Southwestern Utah, 1967, James F. Maxwell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Resources available for agricultural production were ascertained and trends in their use were studied for seven counties of southwestern Utah. Special consideration was given to cropland, irrigation water, and operating capital as resource restrictions for a linear programming model. Budget data were obtained for crop and livestock enterprises by interviewing farmers and ranchers in the area. Budgets for four representative farm types representing climatic and irrigation differences were made to study crop possibilities. Acreage minimums or maximums for selected crops were established as conservation measures. Budgets were prepared for farm livestock enterprises to use with crop budgets for each representative …

An Evaluation Of The Application Of Survey Research To Public Administration: A Case Study Of The Utah State University Merrill Library, Richard Allan Jenson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Libraries,like many other governmental organizations,have a peculiar difficulty assessing how well they are able to serve their clientele. The reason is that they have no measure of success, such as profits or votes. The only measure is usually vocal communications such as complaints, suggestions, compliments or criticisms. Some of these suggestions are valid, but placing one's judgment on these communications can be very tenuous, and not necessarily representative of the desires of a majority of the clientele.

The purpose of this research was to test the use of survey research as an aid to the public administrator. The intent was …

Carrying Capacity Of The Key Browse Species For Moose On The North Slopes Of The Uinta Mountains, Utah, David E. Wilson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Shiras moose, Alces alces shirasi, and its winter habitat on the north slopes of the Uinta Mountains in Utah were studied from August, 1969, to July, 1971 to determine the food requirement for moose, the key browse species during the winter months, the acreage, density and utilization of the key browse species, and their carrying capacity for moose.

It was determined that an average adult moose had a daily food requirement of 19,133 kilocalories. The key browse species for moose were Salix drummondiana and S. geyeriana. These two species accounted for 92.0 and 4.7 percent respectively of …

N-Achievement Motivation Of Male Navaho Indian Students As Measured By An Acculturated N-Achievement Scale, Rex C. Ivory

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The problem which formed the basis of this research was to answer the question: "Can an acculturated version of McClelland's original n-Achievement scale be significantly more effective in measuring n-Achievement motivation of male Navaho Indian subjects than McClelland's original n-Achievement scale?" An answer to this question would hopefully be reason enough for using an acculturated n-Achievement scale to provide new information relative to the Navaho Indian's need to achieve.

The major underlying objective of this study was to develop a more effective projective scale than McClelland in measuring a Navaho Indian's n-Achievement motivation. This objective was not reached; however, the …

The Nitrogen Budget Of Two Salt Desert Shrub Plant Communities Of Western Utah, Richard S. Bjerregaard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The nitrogen budgets of Eurotia lanata (Pursh.) Moq. and Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. and Frem.) S. Wats salt desert shrub plant communities were investigated. In each, a complete biomass and organic nitrogen inventory was made. In addition, investigations of the nitrogen fixation potential of soil surface microflora and inorganic soil nitrogen relationships were carried out.

Greater total biomass and organic nitrogen was found in the above-ground portions, annual shoot productivity, and litter of the Atriplex community. However, the Atriplex community was exceeded by the Eurotia community in root biomass. Roots accounted for 74 and 87 percent of the plant biomass and …

Polymerization Of Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Fabian Crespo V.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An organic chemical condensing reagent, 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-carbodiimide metho-p-toluene sulfonate (CMC) was tested for effectiveness in inducing polymerization of short lengths of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) nucleoprotein particles isolated from systemically infected Turkish tobacco leaves. It appeared that the chemical induced the formation of phosphodiester linkages between the viral RNA helices in the joining nucleoprotein fragments. Because the polymerization reaction liberates a hydroxyl ion with each joining event the kinetics of the polymerization can be followed with time using a pH meter. The number of hydroxyl ions liberated is equal to the number of polymerizations. Physical evidence of polymerization was obtained by …

Spawning And Early Life History Of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus Salmoides) In Wahweap Bay, Lake Powell, Kent D. Miller

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Spawning time and habitat of largemouth bass, survival of embryos, and growth and food habits of fingerlings were studied in 1968 and 1969 at Wahweap Bay, Lake Powell. Spawning began in mid- to late-April, when mean daily water temperature at nesting depths was 14.4-15.0 Centigrade (58-59 Fahreheit), and continued until mid-June. Most spawning took place on the northeast shore of the bay. Sandstone rubble was the most commonly used bottom type for nesting, either at the base of ledges or around large sandstone boulders. Mean nest depth increased from 1.63 meter to 4.54 meters (5.36 feet to 14.90 feet) in …

The Coalville Deer Herd In Northeastern Utah: Its Ecology And Management, Gary L. Hickman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary objective of this study on the Coalville Deer Management Unit adjacent to the corner of Wyoming in Utah was to determine the condition of the deer herd in relation to its range and population characteristics.

Postseason doe-fawn ratio was 100:77, while an adjusted doe-fawn ratio accounting for the unproductive female yearling segment was 100:105. The approximate net-productivity for 1964 was 44 percent compared to 27 percent in 1965. In 1964-65, the average age-class mortality rate for the male and female segments was 45 and 35 percent respectively. Preseason and postseason sex ratios were 64:100 and 60:100 respectively.

Mature …

A Procedure For Measuring Residual Rennin Activity In Whey And Curd From Freshly Coagulated Milk, Jorge Reyes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A procedure was developed for measuring residual rennin activity in curd extracts and whey. A sensitive substrate at pH 5.8 was prepared by mixing 6 grams of low-heat nonfat dry milk in 500 milliliters buffer containing 0.05 molar cacodylic acid, 0.02 molar calcium chloride, and 0.012 molar triethanolamine, and storing it at 2 degrees centigrade for 18 hours. Two milliliters of whey or curd extract were inoculated into 25 milliliters of substrate at 30 degrees centigrade. The coagulation time was measured and compared to that induced by 2 milliliters of a known rennin concentration added at the same time to …

Antibody Production Of Rats Fed Diets Of Varying Nutrient Density, Radharukmani

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Available evidence indicated that the deficiency of a specific nutrient in the diets adversely affect antibody production from a mild to severe degree. Studies of the effects of diet partially deficient in various essential nutrients on antibody response is meagre.

Twelve groups of weanling rats were fed with diets prepared by diluting the basal diet with 0 to 75 percent sucrose for 46 days and their antibody response was measured on the 28th, 40th and 46th day using Salmonella pullorum as the antigen. The rats fed the diet containing 75 percent sucrose and 25 percent basal diet had mean antibody …

The Photochemical Reduction Of Octacyanomolybdate(V) Ion In Aqueous Solutions, Gordon W. Gray

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The photochemical reactions occurring in aqueous solutions of octacyanomolybdate(V) ion, Mo(CN)₈^3-, during irradiation with light of 365 and 436 nm wavelengths were studied. The quantum yields and reaction products were determined for neutral, unbuffered solutions as well as solutions buffered at pH 4.0, 7.0, and 9.0.

The results of these studies showed that the Mo(CN)₈^3- ion is rapidly reduced by light to a Mo(IV) complex. In neutral or acidic media, the initial photoreduction product was found to be the red heptacyanoaquomolybdate(IV) ion, Mo(CN)₇(H₂O)^3-. Photolysis in basic solution gave the …