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Factors Relating To Diapause In The Alfalfa Weevil Parasite Bathyplectes Curculionis (Thomson), David S. Parrish

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Biological and ecological factors regulating diapause in the ichneumonid parasite of the alfalfa weevil, Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), were studied. In most experiments, both parasites and weevil larvae were maintained in the environmental conditions under study from the emergence of the adult parasite until the evaluation of results.

The factors either preventing or inducing diapause in B. curculionis were found to be an interaction of environmental factors. A long scotophase with cool temperatures prevented diapause. The percentage of nondiapausing parasites increased as the scotophase was increased to 15 hours. Over 15 hours of scotophase, fewer nondiapausing parasites were produced. The optimum …

Relationships Between Teat Shape, Teat Erosion, California Mastitis Test, And Milk Production In A Large Dairy Herd, John Sephen Malan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Data were collected from a 1,000 cow commercial dairy unit during three different time periods to determine the interrelationships between teat shape, teat erosion, mastitis (as measured by the California Mastitis Test and somatic cell counts), and milk production.

Results showed no relationship between teat shape or teat end erosion and milk or fat production. The relationship between teat end erosion and mastitis appeared to be masked by the high level of teat erosion. There was an indication that cows with flat and cone shaped teat ends were prone to higher California Mastitis Test scores than cows with pointed, round, …

Leave-Taking Behavior Between Preschool Children And Their Parents, Elizabeth Y. Aoki

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Behavior of 84 parent-child dyads engaged in separation in preschool settings are presented. A factor analysis and correlation matrix revealed patterns of child-parent-teacher interaction, child-parent tactile-affiliative behavior, and child dependency-attachment behavior. The main pattern showed high parent-teacher gazing, smiling, and approaching interaction and high teacher smiling and gazing activity toward the child. A teacher-mediator theory in which the teacher's presence is important as an anxiety-lessening factor in child-parent leave-taking behavior is suggested and discussed to both interpret the findings and for further leave-taking research.

Stability Of Stream Communities Exposed To Underground Nuclear Tests On Amchitka, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Richard Ames Valdez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A major bioenvironmental effect of The United States Atomic Energy Commission's Underground Nuclear Testing Program on Amchitka Island, Alaska was the decimation of stream communities by drilling muds from the device emplacement holes. These muds reached two of these streams 4 months and 2 years before the Milrow and Cannikin tests, respectively. Recolonization of fishes and macroinvertebrates in these small streams (Clevenger and White Alice Creeks) began 1 month after spill abatement.

Complete recovery of Dolly Varden in Clevenger Creek occurred less than 5 years after the spill. Of the other native fishes, pink salmon spawned 1 1/2 years after …

Experimental Avian Botulism Studies On Sewage Oxidation Ponds In Utah, Daniel W. Moulton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of this study was to field-test the "microenvironment concept" of avian botulism epizootiology. The "microenvironment concept" hypothesizes that aquatic invertebrate carcasses may serve both as a substrate for toxin production by Clostridium botulinum type C in nature and as a vehicle for toxin transmission to waterbirds. This concept has become the generally accepted, but inadequately tested, working hypothesis of type C botulism epizootiology.

This study attempted to experimentally induce type C botulism in sentinel flocks of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and American coots (Fulica americana) on sewage oxidation ponds in northern Utah. The three …

The Effect Of Time And Stress On The Heart Rate-Oxygen Consumption Relationship Of Uinta Ground Squirrels, Thomas E. Oldfield

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus) were instrumented with ECG radio-transmitters. Heart rate and oxygen consumption were monitored for one hour at ambient temperatures above, within and below the thermoneutral zone. These measures were made at predetermined intervals throughout the active season of squirrels to determine if the heart rate-oxygen consumption relationship was a stable linear regression within and between squirrels during this period. Heart rate and oxygen consumption were also monitored for squirrels exposed to artificial and natural stressors. These squirrels were then released in an outdoor enclosure. Heart rate and behavior of animals were monitored simultaneously during …

An Evaluation Of The Consistency With Which Extension Workers In Utah Interpret Data Elements For Reporting Into The State Extension Management Information System, Murray F. Wilde

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the consistency with which Extension workers in Utah interpret data elements for reporting Extension activities into State Extension Management Information System (SEMIS). Subsequent insight into the areas of greatest inconsistencies and in-service training needs were gained. Extension workers in Utah were asked to report a predetermined list of hypothetical activities on the SEMIS weekly report form. These together with other report forms of previously submitted reports of common activities were studied in detail. It was found that the consistency for various activities reported ranged from 53 percent to 96 percent. It was …

Investigation Of Factors Contributing To The Declining Range Sheep Industry In Utah, Jerry W. Boehme

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to document the major reasons sheep producers are liquidating their business, and to provide some insight into the present use of land and labor resources taken out of sheep production, Data compiled for the study were obtained from personnel interviews of former sheep producers statistically selected from a master list of all producers who stopped sheep production from 1968 to June 1974. The general characteristics of Utah sheep ranches were presented followed by an analysis of producers who, and the reasons why, they sold their herds, The last section of the report documents the …

An Evaluation Of Land Use Controls In Logan, Utah, William Earl Kuttler

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the role of economic, political, and religious power as it relates to a person's ability to get zoning decisions passed in his favor by the Logan City Commission and the Logan Planning and Zoning Commission. Data for the study was collected from the minutes of the Planning and Zoning Commission and the City Commission. The theory behind the incentives to seek zoning alterations is discussed prior to the actual work.

Evaluation Of A Vapor Pressure Osmometer For Determination Of Added Water In Milk, Kietipong Pensiripun

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A Wescor Vapor Pressure Osmometer measured the osmolality of a solution by sensing the vapor pressure above the solution in a closed chamber. The instrument sensing element comprised a precision thermocouple which measured the dew point temperature depression, a function of the water vapor pressure in the chamber. It used approximately 5-7 microliter samples to saturate a 0.64 cm filter paper disc. The instrument fixed a milliosmolal digital reading and signaled test completion in 110 seconds. The instrument weighed approximately 3. 62 kilograms, was 26. 7 x 24. 1 x 10. 2 cms in size and had a range of …

Dispersion Of The Host Specific Phytophagous Insects Of Duncecap Larkspur (Delphinium Occidentale) In The Wasatch Mountains Of Utah, Robert L. Bayn Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Populations of Delphinium occidentale (Ranunculaceae)were monitored over two summers for the presence and dispersion of various life stages of several host specific phytophagous insects. Observations were made at several sites in the Wasatch National Forest east of Logan, Utah. Two species of larkspur aphid (Aphis rociadae and Kakimia wahinkae) were encountered. Although dispersal of alate individuals resulted in widespread infestation of the host plant population, aphids occurred initially on the same one or few plants at each site both springs. Little coexistence of the two species of aphid on the same plant was observed, perhaps because they partitioned …

The Functional And Aesthetic Uses Of Two Cache Valley, Utah, Canals, James S. Culberson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This report is a local supplement to a wider-focused report on multiple uses of irrigation canals (Kennedy and Unhanand, 1974), primarily concerned with recreational uses. Increasing magnitude and variety of use generated several use conflicts, and the need for a closer look at canal-oriented activities arose. The intent of the study is to show local residents and planning officials the present physical condition of local canals and canal corridors, their present multiple uses, the importance of Cache Valley irrigation canals as recreation systems, and some possible future canal use alternatives.

Lagoon Effluent Polishing By Soil Mantle Treatment Using Various Utah Soil Types, Roger Scott Tinkey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of four Utah Great Basin soil types in removing particular chemical constituents and select enteric organisms from a sewage lagoon effluent. Sewage taken from the secondary oxidation pond in Logan, Utah was applied daily to lysimeters which allowed samples to be recovered at 7.6 and 38.1 centimeter soil depths. The texture of the soils was the most important physical property affecting their removal capacity. Drainage Farm soil (clay) provided the best bacteriological and overall chemical removal with Nibley (silty clay loam) second, then Draper (sandy loam) and Parleys (silty loam) …

Comparisons Of Draw-A-Child Test Among Preschool Children, Margaret Prather Ezell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

McCarthy's Draw-A-Child test was administered to 20 lower class and 20 middle class four-year-old children matched for age and sex. The purpose of the test was to find if socioeconomic class and sex differences effected the child's ability to draw a same sex figure. Analysis of results supported the theory that girls do better than boys. Analysis of socioeconomic differences suggests that lower-class children do not have the ability to draw as well as middle class children but the difference is not significant at the .05 level. It was concluded that the McCarthy Draw-A-Child test measures the general drawing abilities …

Priming And The Post-Prime Pause In Mixed Fixed-Ratio Schedules, Larry Allen Alferink

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of a stimulus change inserted in the large component of a mixed fixed-ratio 10 fixed-ratio 100 schedule. In mixed fixed-ratio schedules, a run of responses which approximates the response requirement of the smaller fixed ratio occurs at the beginning of the larger fixed ratio. This run of responses and the pause it precedes is called a prime. In Experiment I, priming acquisition was compared in a mixed schedule in which a change in key-color followed completion of the first 10 responses of the fixed-ratio 100 component and a mixed schedule with …

In Situ Nitrogen Fixation In Cold Desert Soil-Algae Crust In Northern Utah, Darwin Levoy Sorensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrogen fixation, as measured by the acetylene-ethylene assay, in the surface soils of southern Curlew Valley, Utah-Idaho was studied. The removal of nitrogen from the surface soil by precipitation runoff water was also studied, and the role of the soil-algae crust in preventing erosive loss of nitrogen was evaluated.

Nitrogen fixation during the study year was estimated to be less than 10 kg/ha. This level is probably sufficient to maintain steady-state on an annual basis in standing crop nitrogen in this environment.

Well structured, lichenous crusts had improved infiltration of precipitation and lowered erosive loss of nitrogen. Poorly structured and …

A Comparison Of Community College Students' Achievement And Attitude Changes In A Lecture-Only, Lecture-Laboratory, Lecture-Recitation Approach To General Education Biological Science Courses, Donald H. Dickinson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

student achievement and attitude changes toward science resulting from three different approaches used in teaching introductory general education biology at Diablo Valley Community College in Pleasant Hill, California, were compared. The three teaching approaches used were the lecture-only, lecture - laboratory and lecture-recitation.

The sample was composed of 129 students enrolled in Biology 101 and 102 at Diablo Valley Community College during fall semester 1974-75. Forty-three students comprised the control group taught by the lecture-only method. Forty-three students comprised the experimental group taught by the lecture-laboratory method. Forty-three students comprised a second experimental group taught by the lecture-recitation method.

Student …

An Analysis Of Junior Livestock Shows In Utah, Mark Jay Bingham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to discover any trend developing in youth participation in junior livestock shows in Utah and to identify the factors which affect youth participation. Junior livestock show records and 4-H enrollment figures from Cache and Box Elder Counties and the State of Utah, were studied to obtain necessary statistical information. A survey was constructed and issued to former and present 4-H members. Economic theory was employed in order to compare the survey data and participation statistics. The paper is divided into three major parts: similarities and differences between the Cache and Box Elder County Fair …

An Interregional Competition Study Of Utah Agriculture Using The Linear Programming Technique, Douglas Lee Andersen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purposes of this paper were to inventory the available agricultural production resources in Utah, to determine how those resources could be allocated most efficiently, and to provide information to aid the crop and livestock producing sectors in Utah in making informed production and marketing decisions.

Utah was divided into eight agricultural production and product consumption regions and the rest of the country was regionalized into product supply and market areas. Input and output coefficients, production costs, and market prices for the major Utah crop and livestock production enterprises and their products were developed. A linear program was then used …

Ammonia And Nitrate Nitrogen In The Soil Profile And Its Relation To Various Nitrogen Treatments On Dry-Land Winter Wheat, Abraham E. Van Luik

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In a dry-land winter wheat field, patterns of mineral nitrogen distributions were investigated before and after fertilizer additions.

Large differences in the added mineral nitrogen recoverable three weeks after treatment were found to be specific to nitrogen source and treatment within source.

Initial losses averaged 50 percent for urea treatments, 40 percent for calcium nitrate treatments, and varied from a loss of 18 percent to a gain of 22 percent for ammonium nitrate treatments. Ammonium sulfate proved the most variable with a 36 percent average loss for the before-planting treatment and a 61 percent gain for the after-planting treatment.

This …

A History Of Mapleton, Utah To 1945, Ralph K. Harmer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mapleton, a small rural Utah community located on the benchlands between Hobble Creek Canyon and Spanish Fork Canyon fifty miles south of Salt Lake City, was settled in the late 1860s and early 1870s by Springvllle and Spanish Fork families who built their homes on their individual farms. These families did not follow traditional Mormon settlement patterns with a City of Zion plat as their guide; their community grew along quite different lines. Its inhabitants never heard a "call" nor did they have their land alloted to them by their church.

The Latter-day Saint Ward, established on the bench In …

Hunter Access To Private Lands And Attitudes Of Utah Landholders Toward Hunting, James R. Kitts

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Immediately following the 1971 upland game season a questionnaire booklet was mailed to 2076 Utah farmers and ranchers (landholders) in five southern and six northern counties. Approximately 50 percent were returned containing usable Information.

Five categories of hunter access restriction were considered: 1) fee systems, 2) leases to private clubs, 3) pheasant hunting units, 4) posting ''Hunting by Permission Only," and 5) posting "No Hunting" or "No Trespassing. " Restriction of hunter access to private property occurred twice as frequently in northern counties as in southern counties. Nearly six of every ten northern landholders had an active hunter restriction program. …

Applicability Of An Electronic Semiautomatic Somatic Cell Counter To Dairy Herd Improvement Milk Sample Testing, Nianwei Wang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Technicon OSCC II was evaluated for application in dairy herd improvement central laboratories. Dilution using a Fisher Autodiluter made sample preparation for assay less time consuming and more convenient and resulted in the same accuracy as with the manual syringe technique.

Sample storage and the presence of a potassium dichromate preservative tablet had little effect on somatic cell count when tested within two days at room temperatures (20-23 C) or within four days at refrigeration temperatures (4-7 C). The preservative tablet caused an average increase of 14,000 cells/ml. The average cell count dropped 26 percent following two days at …

The Influence Of Climate On Biomass And Mineralomass Of A Crested Wheatgrass Community In Northern Utah, Randall S. Shinn

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Aboveground biomass, litter biomass and root biomass of a crested wheatrgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fisch.] Schult.) dominated community were inventoried in the fall of 1971, 1972, and 1973. In addition, energy, nitrogen, fats and ash determinations were made on the materials collected in 1972 and 1973.

The sampling methods used generated data sufficiently precise to detect significant differences (α = .10) among biomass components among years. The chemical contents of the components were similar in the fall of 1972 and the fall of 1973 despite the large differences in growing season precipitation.

A simple linear regression formula was generated from …

The Utah Prairie Dog: Abundance, Distribution, And Habitat Requirements, G. Donald Collier

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the status of the Utah prairie dog (Cynomys parvidens, Allen), a rare mammal endemic to south-central Utah, and (2) to identify habitat factors which limit densities of this species. Seven components of the habitat were studied: barriers, other animals, soil, temperature and precipitation, topography, vegetation, and water. Prior to collection of habitat data, virtually all populations of the species were found by extensive searching and interviewing; the number of animals and the area occupied were determined for each population.

Results justified the endangered status of the Utah prairie dog. Area occupied by …

An Analysis Of Sound Communication In The Water Vole, Microtus Richardsoni (Rodentia: Microtinae), Dane R. Tang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Adult members of the species Microtus richardsoni were used to study the importance of acoustic communication in these voles. Tests were run with single individuals and nonbreeding pairs of voles to obtain recordings and sonagraphs of sounds emitted during exploration of a new cage, agonistic encounters, encounters with a potential predator and in response to miscellaneous aversive stimuli. Of the four groups of tests conducted, sounds were used by M. richardsoni during the last three. The results of this study showed that the water vole emitted ten different call types or sounds. These sounds were separated by similarity into Group …

The Reproductive Cycle Of Male Uinta Ground Squirrels And Its Relationship To Pineal N-Acetyltransferase And Monoamine Oxidase In The Testes, Hypothalamus And Pituitary, Robert Alexander Palmer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was made of the reproductive cycle of male Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus) during the activity seasons of 1973 and 1974 and during the aestivation/hibernation (A/H) period of 1973-1974. Physiological data collected were compared to changes in monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity of the testes, pituitary and hypothalamus and to pineal N-acetyltransferase activity.

Male Uinta ground squirrels began emerging from their burrows on April 12, 1973, and April 8, 1974, with average body weights of 302 g and 301 g, respectively. Body weight did not increase greatly during breeding, but rose rapidly to over a 500 g …

A Fine-Structural Study Of Aberrant Meiotic Cytokinesis In An Autosomal Male Sterile Mutant (Ms(2)3r) Of Drosophila Melonogaster, Laura J. Laughran

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ultrastructure of abnormal meiotic cytokinesis in an autosomal male sterile mutant of Drosophila melanogaster is described. In the mutant ms(2)3R mitotic cytokinesis proceeds normally, but abnormal meiotic divisions give rise to four spermatids developing in one cytoplasmic mass. The contractile ring which is responsible for cell constriction during cytokinesis appears to form and function normally during meiosis. Ring canals which form intercellular bridges between synchronously developing spermatids are also apparently normal. However, there is an apparent adhesion and subsequent disintegration of the furrow membranes after division is completed. In addition to double membrane fragments in areas of open …

Regulation Of Rabbit Testicular Capsular Motility: The Interaction Of Prostaglandins, Acetylcholine And Sympathomimetic Agents, James L. Hargrove

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The regulation of the contractility and intratesticular pressure of rabbit testes was studied. The effects of, and interactions among, prostaglandins (PGs) E₁ and F_2α testosterone, acetylcholine, epinephrine and norepinephrine were ascertained both in vitro and in vivo. All of these compounds, except for high concentrations of PGE₁ and testosterone, stimulated the testicular capsule to contract. PGE₁ at low concentrations potentiated the contractions produced by epinephrine and acetylcholine. Above 10^-7M, PGE₁ inhibited contractions caused by PGF_2α epinephrine or acetylcholine. Testosterone inhibited contractions caused by PGF_2α in vitro.

Preinjections of rabbits …

Factors Influencing Germination And Seedling Survival Of Several Varieties Of Astragalus Lentiginosus Dougl., Paul Ziemkiewicz

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Astragalus lentiginosus, which consists of 36 varieties, is one of the principal locoweeds of western North America. The objectives of this study included identification of some of the major factors affecting germination of the seed and survival of the newly established seedlings for several of these varieties.

The seeds of the varieties studied exhibited two mechanisms for dormancy. One is a seed coat that is impermeable to water, and the other is a water-leachable inhibitor. The presence or absence of low-intensity incandescent light (in 14-hour day lengths) had no effect on germination. Of three temperature regimes studied, the regime …