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Diet Composition And Activities Of Elk On Different Habitat Segments In The Lodgepole Pine Type, Uinta Mountains, Utah, William B. Collins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The biweekly diets of tame elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) were established on a species dry-weight basis for different habitat segments of the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) type, Principal species in the diets (5% or more) on each habitat segment were generally composed of preferred species. However, some highly abundant but non-preferred species took on principal dietary status, whereas some preferred species, scarce in the vegetation, contributed less than 5 percent to diets. Forbs contributed most to total consumption; grasses and sedges were the second largest contributors. Browse appeared to be of limited importance, but mushrooms had …

Desert Bighorn Sheep In Canyonlands National Park, H. Clay Dean

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ecology of bighorn sheep in Canyonlands National Park, Utah was investigated between July 1974 and December 1975. Primary objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the distribution and abundance of bighorn sheep in the Park; (2) to examine the effects of human encroachment, and (3) to determine key habitat factors in relation to bighorn sheep movements. Data were collected by ground and aerial surveys.

There were between 60 and 100 bighorn sheep in the Island in the Sky District and between 20 and 30 in the Needles District. Bighorn sheep distribution was closely related to the history of …

Coyote Movement Patterns With Emphasis On Home Range Characteristics, Stephen J. Hibler

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Standard radio telemetry techniques via triangulation were used to determine coyote locations and to construct maps of coyote movement patterns in Curlew Valley (Utah and Idaho). Home range sizes were determined by establishing corresponding boundaries drawn on the basis of location, density and relative number of visitations (contour method), and then tracing the boundaries with a compensating polar planimeter. Mean home range sizes were determined directly for only those animals with home range values that reached an asymptote when plotted against corresponding time periods. This asymptotic value was considered the best estimate of the actual home range size. Four adult …

Consumption, Digestion, And Utilization By Goats Of The Dry Matter And Nitrogen In Diets Containing Oak (Quercus Gambelii) Foliage, Anastasios Stefanos Nastis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Part I
A study of animal performance was made with goats fed, ad libitum ground and pe11eted mixtures of Gambe1 oak and alfalfa. Intake, digestibility, metabolizable nitrogen, and metabolized energy of oak diets were generally lower than those for a control alfalfa diet. However, no significant differences in live weight gains of experimental animals were found. No apparent toxicity was detected in goats fed diets containing up to 80 percent oak for 72 days.

Part II
Mixtures of oak (Quercus gambelii) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were used to evaluate three laboratory techniques, the Tilley and Terry …

Autoecology Of The Ruderal Weed Heterotheca Grandiflora With Emphasis On Germination Dimorphism, Stephan Dexter Flint

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Weedy species, as they occupy diverse and unpredictable environments, are expected to possess considerable variability in numerous characteristics, including germination. The visually dimorphic achenes of Heterotheca grandiflora Nutt. (Asteraceae) were tested for potentially adaptive differences in their germination, the establishment of the resulting seedlings, and the relative production of the two achene types.

Achenes produced by the disc florets are adapted for dispersal and rapid germination while the ray florets produce smaller achenes lacking a dispersal mechanism, but possessing a more sophisticated physiological system capable of regulating germination. Ray achene germination rates were significantly influenced by different soil surfaces while …

Two Generational Study On The Effect Of Different Levels Of Fluoride On Rat Bone And Teeth, Madhav Prasad Upadhyay

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of different levels of fluoride in drinking water on different parameters of femurs and incisors of female rats were studied. Rats and their offspring, before and after weaning, were used for the study. Mother rats received 0, 1 and 5 ppm fluoride in drinking water. After weaning, the offspring were given the following treatments: 0-0, 0-1, 0-5, 1-0, 1-1, 1-5, 5-0, 5-1 and 5-5; the first number indicating fluoride level of mother's water during mating, pregnancy and lactation and the second number indicating the fluoride level of water given to the offspring. Femurs and top and bottom incisors …

A Process Incorporating Ultrafiltration Concentrated Whey Solids Into Cheese For Increased Cheese Yield, Rodney Jay Brown

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A process which incorporates whey sol ids, primarily protein, into cheese to increase cheese yield and eliminate whey handling problems was evaluated. Whey was concentrated by ultrafiltration to levels of 9.8 to 20.3 percent total solids (4.3 to 7.1 percent protein), heated at 70 C for 30 minutes and added to cheese milk with the coagulating enzyme.

Increase in cheese yield, on the basis of 39 percent moisture, for 10 pairs of samples was 4.0 ± 2.8 (S.D.) percent. This increase was significant at alpha less than 0.001. Moisture and protein content increased while fat content decreased. Setting time and …

A Self-Instructional, Multi-Media Approach To Facilitate The Teaching Of The Index Of Nutritional Quality, Claudia Kay Probart

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A review of the literature dealing with nutrition education established the following: (a) that there is a need for nutrition education at the elementary school level; (b) that elementary teachers do not always have the background or motivation to meet this need for nutrition education; and (c) that new educational methods that are easier to understand and more highly motivating are needed.

The Index of Nutritional Quantity (INQ), a nutrient density concept, was developed at Utah State University to answer the need for easily understood and motivating nutrition information. The INQ method of nutrition education has been used and considered …

Multiple Forms Of Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Dependent Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase In Barley Leaves (Hordeum Vulgare L.), Sachchidananda Javali

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ribonucleic acid polymerases (E.C. 2.7.7.6) have been solubilized form whole green leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Three major forms of the solubilized enzyme have been isolated by sonication in high ionic strength buffers, cation and anion exchange chromatography, and agarose gel permeation chromatography and designated I, II, and III. The enzyme fractions appear analogous to the Class I, II, and III ribonucleic acid polymerases defined in other eucaryotic systems. The ionic strength optima, amatoxin sensitivity, and relative activities with denatured calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid were different for Class I, II, and III polymerases.

A simple, rapid, reproducible method …

Children's Attitudes Toward The Dental Experience, Tom Leo Day

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of children toward the dental visit. A group of children who had undergone dental treatment with the use of nitrous oxide-oxygen served as the experimental group while children who had received dental treatment without the use of nitrous oxide-oxygen served as the control group. Attitudes toward the dental experience among these two groups were compared to determine any differences or similarities due to the type of treatment used. Data were also collected on the parents of the children to determine whether the child's attitude toward the dental visit tended to …

Rodent Density And Species Composition In The Snake River Birds Of Prey Natural Area, Idaho, Jon R. Montan Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Rodent densities were estimated in the major vegetation types of the Snake River Birds of Prey Natural Area in 1975 and 1976 by a combination of live-trapping and kill-trapping. Only deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were numerous enough to permit reliable density estimates. Relative densities of other rodent species were indicated by kill-trap capture rates. Densities of deer mice correlated well (r = 0.99) with kill-trap capture rates. The use of kill-trapping in place of live-trapping in 1976 permitted extensive sampling throughout the 1930 km² study area. Differences were found among the major vegetation and land-use types in …

Vertical Mesoscale Water Vapor Flux In An Irrigated Valley, Esmaiel Malek

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

To obtain the profiles of dry bulb and wet bulb temperature, specific humidity, q, and air density, ρ, to a height of 200 meters above the ground, a precise lightweight thermocouple psychrometer was designed. To lift the thermocouple psychrometer and the attached wires in obtaining the ρq profiles, a rigid polyethylene balloon augmented with 5.5-feet outdoor or 100-g meteorological balloons were used. Using the height dependent eddy exchange coefficient and a one-dimensional time-dependent profile model, the nighttime variations of ρq as a function of height were predicted and compared with observed values. It was found that the general shape of …

Genetic Control Of Spermiogenesis In Drosophila Melanogaster: The Effects Of Abnormal Association Of Centrosome And Nucleus In Mutant Ms(1)6s, Douglas Lee Habliston

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mutant ms(l)6S of Drosophila melanogaster is characterized by a spectrum of abnormalities of spermatid differentiation. Included in these are failure of the basal body to make normal attachment to the nucleus, failure of acrosomes to develop, and lack of a normal pupulation of perinuclear microtubules. There is also a failure of normal chromatin condensation and nuclear elongation. The mitochondria do not form a normaI nebenkern, but nevertheless fuse, elongate, and develop paracrystalline bodies. The number of normal axonemes is markedly reduced as a result of the failure of some centrioles to form basal bodies. All of these aberrations can be …

Infrared Imagery Scanning Systems For Censusing Big Game, Peter S. Goldberg

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary objective of this study was to explore the potential of an airborne infrared scanner for the census of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and elk (Cervus canadensis) in the Intermountain West. Flight altitude was varied in hopes of achieving species separation, and ground studies were conducted, using a hand-held radiometer and captive deer, to find the optimum time of morning to census. The problems and potentialities of infrared imagery scanning systems for censusing big game are discussed and compared to visual aerial census methods.

Biological Manipulation Of Blackbrush (Coleogyne Ramosissima Torr.) By Browsing With Goats, Frederick D. Provenza

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to provide data on responses of Angora goats and blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima) to a biological manipulation program. Blackbrush utilization levels averaged 30, 16, and 6 percent (545, 367, and 147 kg per hectare) for the heavily, moderately, and lightly browsed pastures, respectively; removal rates of 77, 38, and 19 percent (1164, 582, and 291 kg per hectare) were projected.

Statistically significant differences in body weight loss (P=0.052) were noted for goats browsing in different replications. Goats lost an average of 14 and 19 percent of body weight in replications one and two, …

Sheep Behavior And Vulnerability To Coyote Predation, Ernest Albert Gluesing

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study examined the activity patterns and social relation ships between individuals in a large herd of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in an effort to determine if behavioral characteristics predisposed certain individuals to coyote (Canis latrans) predation.

The research was conducted on the Cook Ranch near Florence, Montana, from March through September of 1975. Data were collected from a herd of 627 ewes and 1082 lambs, each individually identifiable. A random sample of 44 ewes and their 75 lambs were intensively studied over a 16-wk period to establish activity budgets and the relationships between sheep activity …

Resource Partitioning In The North American Gallinules In Southern Texas, William W. Reagan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Data on the Common and Purple Gallinules at the Welder Wildlife Foundation in South Texas indicated that resource partitioning between the two birds occurred. The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare differences in daily activities; (2) to investigate nesting habits; and (3) to measure physical characteristics of the two birds.

Three methods of resource partitioning were utilized by the two gallinules. (1) Common Gallinules selected open water associated with sparse panicum and paspalum grasses while Purple Gallinules selected dense panicum and paspalum grasses. (2) Common Gallinules during migration and throughout the season shifted gradually from a sparse panicum …

Shoshoni Conceptualizations Of Plant Relationships, Bryan Ray Spykerman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Interviews were conducted with 10 Shoshoni-speaking people to investigate conceptualizations of plant relationships. A card-sort technique and informal questioning were employed in an attempt to elicit plant classifications and taxonomic relationships. Results indicate classifications are based on multiple criteria including morphology, cultural utilization, geographic setting and growth habit. A paradigm which postulates conceptualizations based on prototypic images fits the data better than the supposition that memory is composed of extensive taxonomic structures.

Transfer Of Stimulus Control By Temporal Fading, David Allan Steele

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The present study was designed to analyze the transfer of stimulus control in temporal fading procedures. Several aspects of temporal fading procedures were manipulated including sources of inhibitory stimulus control, delays of reinforcement, and rates of increase in the temporal parameter of a fading procedure. In Experiment I, previous research producing transfer of stimulus control in a temporal fading procedure was directly replicated and controls were implemented for the operation of inhibition. The results showed that inhibitory stimulus control is not necessary in order to produce a transfer as participants with neutral stimulus backgrounds also transferred from one dimension to …

Energy Usage Trends, Energy-Food Conversion Efficiency, And Relative Energy Efficiency Of Primary Crop Agriculture, Estimated From Energy-Nutrient Conversion Ratios In Mexico, India, United States, And Japan, Gerald L. Blight

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Energy-nutrient conversion ratios, as a measure of relative agricultural efficiency for Mexico, India, in the United States, and Japan between 1951 and 1974, were calculated for protein, B-vitamins, calcium, iron and food energy production. Estimates from the different nutrient ratios showed a range in percent change of production efficiency over the twenty-four year period. Indian estimates were the most consistent with only a 7 percent variability. Japan (23 percent), United States (42 percent), and Mexico (43 percent) each showed greater variability in their efficiency estimate ranges from aggregate energy-nutrient conversion ratios. Japan was the only country for which negative trends …

The Iron Bioavailability Of Mechanically-Deboned Meats, Bonnie Rae Anderson Farmer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two separate experiments were used to investigate iron bioavailability of mechanically-deboned meats using hemoglobin regeneration to measure iron utilization. In both studies, male weanling rats were made anemic by bleeding and being fed a low-iron diet. Experimental diets were control fed to the animals and final hemoglobin concentrations were recorded. Animals were sacrificed and liver iron concentrations determined. The first experiment measured the iron bioavailability of mechanically-deboned and hand-deboned beef plate was better utilized by rats than the iron from mechanically- deboned shank and mechanically-deboned plate. The effect of lipid source and level on iron bioavailability of mechanically-deboned turkey meat …

The Relationship Of Molybdenum To Iron Status In Pregnancy And Anemia In Rats And Humans, Jo Ann Mortensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Weanling male rats were made anemic and fed diets supplemented with 20 ppm iron and/or 2 ppm molybdenum. A decrease in serum iron was observed in the rats supplemented only with iron and a significant decrease in hemoglobin was observed in rats given no supplementation.

In a second experiment, pregnant female rats were also fed diets supplemented with 20 ppm iron and/or 2 ppm molybdenum. An inverse relationship was apparent between iron and copper in both the serum and the liver of the female rats. The livers of their pups displayed an inverse relationship between molybdenum and copper. Hemoglobin in …

Persistence Of Mucor Miehei Protease In Cheddar Cheese And Pasteurized Whey And Its Effect On Sterile Milk Products, Randall Kirk Thunell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Whey from a commercial cheese plant, taken at draining on five separate days, from cheese made with a Mucor miehei coagulant was cooled within 1 h to 4 C. Portions were adjusted from pH 4.2 to 6.4 at .2 pH intervals and subjected to HTST pasteurization at 73.9, 76.6, and 79.5 C for 25 sec. Milk clotting activity in whey was determined before and after pasteurization. Resistance to heat in-activation increased with decreasing pH. All measurable activity was destroyed above pH 5.4 by pasteurization at 79.5 C, above pH 5.8 at 76.6 C and above pH 6.0 at 73.9 C. …

Milko-Tester Analysis Of Milkfat Content Of Churned And Nonchurned Samples From Jersey And Holstein Dairy Cattle, Kazuko Monobe

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Milk samples from three Jersey and three Holstein herds were used to determine if the degree of churning correlated with the initial milkfat assay, and also to determine if the churned milkfat could be measured as accurately as the initial milkfat using the Milko-Tester.

Regression lines for the initial milkfat test versus churned milk- fat test fit polynomial curves. The degree of churning was greater for Jerseys than Holsteins and correlated with the initial milkfat test.

The repeatability of initial milkfat tests vas 0.98 for Jerseys and 0.99 for Holsteins. However, the repeatability of churned milkfat tests was lower for …

Browse Evaluation And Survey Techniques For The Uinta North Slope Moose Herd, William H. Babcock

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study was conducted on the North Slope of the Uinta Mountains from January, 1972 through June, 1974, to determine the effects of three simulated levels of moose utilization on the crude protein content, phosphorus content, digestibility and vigor of willow plants. A comparison was also made on the crude protein content, phosphorus content and digestibility of current year's versus past years' willow growth. Finally, the validity of direct and indirect population enumeration methods was compared for the possible development of a standardized moose survey technique.

Clipping caused a highly significant increase in crude protein and phosphorus content between treatment …

Reducing Soil Crusting To Enhance Sesame Seedling Emergence, Gustavo Campero

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In Venezuela rainfall-induced crust is the main problem in obtaining adequate stands of sesame (Sesamwn indicum L.) The effectiveness of seven commercially available soil conditioners to prevent soil crusting and their influence on sesame seedling emergence was tested on Parlo silt loam. The chemicals were sprayed on the soil surface at different rates and dilutions . The rates were established to give about the same treatment cost.

Two chemicals: a polyvinyl alcohol (Elvanol 71-30) and an anionic asphalt emulsion (Humofina B-2864) gave the greatest increase in sesame seedling emergence. Thereafter, the two chemicals were tested on two Utah …

Effects Of Livestock Grazing On Infiltration And Erosion Rates Measured On Chained And Unchained Pinyon-Juniper Sites In Southeastern Utah, Frank E. Busby Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the effects of livestock grazing and periods of rest from grazing on infiltration and erosion rates of unchained woodland; chained, debris-in-place; and chained, debris-windrowed pinyon-juniper sites; and 2) utilize these measurements in developing guidelines for grazing management of pinyon-juniper rangelands that protect or improve the hydrologic condition of the watershed. The study was conducted on sandy loam soils in southeastern Utah during the summers of 1971 and 1972.

Runoff and erosion were artificially induced from small plots by simulating rainfall with the Rocky Mountain infiltrometer. Infiltration rates, erosion rates, and selected …

The Influence Of Certain Growth Hormones On Plant Growth At Cold Temperatures, Michael D. Salvesen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of externally applied growth hormones on winter rye (Secale cereale var. cougar). The rye was grown under the snow in a specially prepared tunnel on a mountain side near Logan, Utah. These plants showed a remarkable ability to grow at 0°C. Three growth hormones, kinetin, gibberellic acid (GA), and auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) were externally applied to rye seedlings growing in the tunnel. These seedlings were alter weighed, measured and tested for soluble protein content. The three hormone treatments had no significant effects on the fresh weights or shoot lengths of the …

Effect Of Drilling Fluid Components And Mixtures On Plants And Soils, Parvin Pesaran (Djavan)

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The concern about the environment has required that the effects of drilling fluids (muds) on surrounding areas be known. This study was initiated to investigate the effects of various muds on plant growth and on soils.

In preliminary studies in Phase I (31 individual mud components), it was concluded that the obvious dominant effects on plant growth of detrimental drilling fluid components included excess soluble salts, excess exchangeable sodium percentage, possibly a high pH in some mixtures, and undesirable physical conditions. The latter resulted from the sodium and/or starch, gums, and bentonite.

Phase II, the second year's study of the …

Leaf Epidermal Transmittance Of Ultraviolet Radiation And Its Implication For Plant Sensitivity To Ultraviolet-Radiation Injury, Ronald Robberecht

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Leaf epidermal transmittance of ultraviolet radiation (280-400 nm) was examined in several plant species to determine the capability of the epidermis to attenuate solar ultraviolet radiation. Epidermal samples were mechanically isolated and examined with a spectroradiometer/integrating sphere for transmittance. A survey of 25 species exposed to natural insolation was conducted. Although the species differed in life form, habitat type, and epidermal characteristics, epidermal transmittance was generally less than 10%. Ultraviolet radiation was attenuated 95 to 99% in more than half of the species. In 16 species, flavonoid and related pigments in the epidermis accounted for 20 to 57% of the …