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Protein Recovery And Coagulation Properties Of Commercial And Fractionated Milk Clotting Enzymes, Khalida A. Shaker

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Protein recovery and coagulation properties of five commercial and fractionated milk clotting enzymes were studied. The fractionated enzymes were Sephadex G-100 fractions of the commercial enzymes. Milk clotting activity of each fraction was tested using Berridge substrate. All fractions from each preparation which had milk clotting activity as measured with the Formagraph were collected and pooled. These samples and the original enzyme preparations were used to coagulate milk. Percent of protein lost in whey was determined by Kjeldahl. Coagulation was followed using a spectrophotometer monitoring changes in apparent absorbance at 600 nm. Curd protein yields using the five original enzyme …

Resource Acquisition In The Presence Of A Novel Stimulus By Coyotes Of Different Social Rank, Warren E. Johnson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated the acquisition of food by hand-reared coyotes, Canis latrans, of different social rank in a familiar area with and without novel objects (safe and potentially unsafe conditions). The first objective was to test the hypothesis that dominant animals are more hesitant than subordinates in approaching food in the presence of a novel stimulus. The results were that dominant pups usually were the first to feed in the absence of novel stimulus, and subordinate pups were the first to feed when novel objects were present. The second objective was to see if the behavior of subordinates in …

Comparison Of Several Forms Of Equations For Predicting Cheddar Cheese Yield From Milk Composition, Craig A. Moore

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate several forms of equations for predicting Cheddar cheese yields based on the fat and protein content of milk and moisture content of cheese. Production and quality control data from a Cheddar cheese plant for one entire year was used. This included the pounds of milk that went into each vat of cheese, yield of cheese from each vat, cheese moisture from each vat, and fat and protein percentages of the milk.

Seven models were derived to predict the yield of Cheddar cheese. The seven models were statistically fitted to the data by applying the …

The Relationship Between Milk Composition And Swiss Cheese Yields, Adnan S. Ba-Jaber

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

From Cache Valley Dairy Association in Smithfield, Utah, milk from two to three cheese vats plus the corresponding Swiss cheese trimmings, salted cheese, and whey were sampled each week from October 1981 to October 1982. The weights of the Swiss Cheese were recorded. Milk samples were analyzed for fat and protein; cheese samples were analyzed for fat, protein, and moisture; whey samples were analyzed for fat.

By using Gauss-Newton nonlinear Least Squares method of iteration, the data was analyzed. Two formulas for predicting Swiss cheese yield were derived. A good relationship was found to exist between Swiss cheese yield and …

Synthesis Of 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid-Protein Conjugates For Development Of Enzyme Immunoassay For B-Lactam Antibiotics, Alice Ann Heth

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An enzyme immunoassay specific for several β-lactam antibiotics rather than individual antibiotics was investigated. The goal to develop an enzyme immunoassay for analysis of a whole class of compounds at one time is different than the goal of most enzyme immunoassays which desire specificity for drugs or hormone levels. Detection of the presence of all β-lactam antibiotics is wanted and identification of specific antibiotics is not needed.

6-Aminopenicillanic acid, the common structural moiety of β-lactam antibiotics was used tin this investigation. Methods of preparation of 6-aminopencillanic acid conjugates and antibodies needed for enzyme immunoassays have been developed. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid was …

Some Indicators Of Manganese And Copper Adequacy In Some Infant Formulas For Baby Pigs And Infants, Robin Hope Marcus

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of the study was to ascertain whether some infant formulas provide sufficient amounts of manganese and copper for adequate nutrition, Twelve piglets, within the first week of life, were divided by sex, litter and weight into two treatment groups. Both groups received concentrated Isomil, a soy-based infant formula and distilled water ad libitum. Isomil was analyzed and found to contain 1.05ppm manganese and .98ppm copper. The supplemented group received an additional 30.6mg manganese and 6.76mg copper per can (388ml) of concentrated Isomil. Weight gains were not significantly different. Manganese and copper levels were significantly greater in the …

Evaluation And Improvement Of Coagulation Properties Of Milk For Manufacturing, Leslie M. Okigbo

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A rugged and sensitive instrument "Vatimer" was developed to evaluate the coagulation properties of milk in cheese vats. Microvolt signals from the instrument varied with standing-wave motion of milk, forces arising from coagulation, curd firming, curd syneresis and also clean-in-place spray forces. Curd firmness at cutting varied three to four fold in commercial Cheddar cheesemaking operations.

The Formagraph instrument was used to select individual cow milk samples with good and poor chymosin-coagulation characteristics from the Utah State University Holstein herd. Blending 50% good-, and 50% poor-coagulating samples did not improve average coagulation properties of poor samples. Higher chymosin concentration caused …

Natural Killer Cell Activity And Beta-Endorphin In The Mink (Mustela Vison) And The In Vitro Effect Of Beta-Endorphin In Immunologic Assays, Nancy Cathleen Pace

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate natural killer cell activity and the possible role of beta- endorphin in a natural model of autoimmune orchitis, the dark mink.

An assay was developed to study natural killer cell activity in the mink and base-line levels of activity in this specie were determined. Natural killer cell activity was assessed in fertile mutation mink, primary infertile dark mink and secondary infertile Utah dark mink with autoimmune orchitis. The study included three sampling times: November, March and April. Natural killer cell activity was significantly lower in mink studied in April than it was …

Effects Of Folic Acid Or Zinc Malnutrition On Rotaviral Infection In A Murine Model, John Douglas Morrey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The influences of dietary deficiencies of folic acid or zinc on rotaviral disease infant mice were studied. Preliminary studies indicated that bovine and simian rotaviruses, but not porcine rotavirus, caused diarrhea in infant mice. Bovine and porcine rotaviruses were not, however, sufficiently infectious to replace murine rotavirus in studies utilizing the murine model. It was also determined that murine rotavirus purified by a cesium chloride gradient was highly infectious and useful for subsequent studies on nutritional influences of rotaviral disease. In dietary studies, female Swiss Webster mice were fed diets containing deficient, moderately deficient, or adequate levels of folic acid …

Effects Of Clearcutting On Forage Production, Quality And Decomposition In The Caatinga Woodland Of Northeast Brazil: Implications To Goat And Sheep Nutrition, Robert D. Kirmse

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Clearing of trees from the so-called caatinga woodland that characterizes the vegetation of the semi-arid region of northeast Brazil offers possibilities for increasing forage production. This research analyzed the first-year effects of clearing caatinga on dry season forage for goats and sheep. In addition, factors affecting litter decomposition on cleared and uncleared caatinga were assessed to evaluate the viability of deferring grazing of forages during the wet season for use later in the dry season.

Removing the trees resulted in a sixfold increase in production of herbaceous vegetation, however, 88 percent of the increased yield on the cleared areas was …

Dynamics Of Arid-Land, Perennial Plant Populations With An Examination Of Potential Causal Agents, Henry George Gardiner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Rigorous statistical examination of the population dynamics of a number of long-lived perennial plant species permitted an interpretation of changes in those populations and the establishment of potentially important causal agents. Survival and recruitment of six species from the mulga-zone rangelands of Western Australia varied across three climatically different periods following the removal of domestic livestock.

Two species' populations (Eragrostis xerophila and Maireana glomerifolia) had their rates of increase reduced by kangaroo and euro grazing. Both survival and recruitment of Eragrostis xerophila were reduced by this grazing while Maireana glomerifolia suffered reduced recruitment during all periods. These negative …

Eeg And Evoked Potential Measured Of Age And Sex Differences In Central Nervous System Processing, Judith Ann La Marche

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Age and gender differences in CNS information processing were investigated with EEG measures of power spectral analysis and cortical coupling, and evoked potential measures of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), visual evoked potentials (VEPs), pattern reversal evoked potentials (PREPs), and P300 evoked potentials. Eighty normal volunteers comprised four subgroups of 20 subjects: young females and young males (25-35 years); old females and old males (55-70 years).

Trends were generally consistent across evoked potential measures: women and young people produced faster latency responses; females and oldsters produced larger amplitude responses. Old age was associated with reduced variability of electrophysiological responding across …

Electrophoretic Patterns Of Storage Proteins In Phaseolus Prone To Cotyledonal Cracking, Zahra N. Hashim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Cotyledonal- or transverse-cracking (TVC) in certain cultivars of snapbeans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., seeds, clearly evident during germination, seriously places affected seedlings at a competitive disadvantage. TVC is an inherited trait and occurs across cell walls of cotyledons rather than along cell walls. Thus, it might be hypothesized that internal pressure resulting from swelling of storage proteins during imbibition might account for cellular rupture. To further elucidate this possibility, experiments were designed to compare electrophoretic patterns of storage proteins from seeds of snapbeans resistant and susceptible to TVC, and to correlate the different patterns of polyacrylamide gel el ectrophoretograrns of …

Production Factors In Beef Cattle Finishing, Gary L. Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A feeding trial was conducted comparing four finishing diets, typically fed in this area, two hormone implants zeranol (Ralgro) and estradiol 17-beta (Compudose), and a feed additive. Thirty-two Hereford steers were fed in individual pens to maintain accurate intake records. The four diets compared were: 1) a whole corn diet with a small amount of corn silage as roughage; 2) a high energy ground barley diet using corn silage and chopped alfalfa as roughage; 3) a total diet consisting of rolled barley, beet pulp, and ground alfalfa hay; and 4) a high energy rolled barley diet using corn silage and …

The Relationship Of Ewe Body Mass To Lamb Production, Sebhatu Gebrelul

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Body size was estimated by multiplying the average of the hip and chest widths by body length and chest depth in 208 ewes of three genotypes: Targhee x Targhee (TXT), Finn x Targhee (FXT), and Suffolk x Targhee (SXT), and two seasons, fall (pre-breeding) and spring (post-lambing). The estimated ewe body size did not fluctuate with season, body condition or physiological stress and proved to be a constant measure of size. Measuring linear body dimension is time consuming; and hence ewe body size can best be approximated by the chest depth in a regression equation. In the absence of linear …

The Cost Effective Acquisition And Dissemination Of Market Information: A Computerized Approach, Tammy Burton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Clearly, many of the developments in computerized market systems are regarded as revolutionary in an industry which has undergone diminutive changes in marketing its products and acquiring current market information. Cognizance of the agricultural market situation is pertinent for maximum production efficiency, bargaining strength, and financial success for producers.

Collectively, producers in Utah face the dilemma of receiving approximately ten percent less in cash receipts for their commodities than their counterparts in surrounding states. Market information that was attainable by producers was often obsolete, redundant, expensive, and irrelevant to the market situation in Utah.

The implementation of a Computerized Market …

Chemical Composition And Acceptability Of Rain Damaged, Field Dried Alfalfa Hay, Cesar Augusto Araque H.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Water was applied to swaths of cut alfalfa forage with oscillating sprinklers to stimulate rain damage to field drying alfalfa hay to determine the changes in chemical composition, loss of yield, and acceptability of rain damaged hay to sheep. An additional objective was to develop models to estimate yield losses form experimental hay. The experimental hay was prepared with a 2x2x4x4x2 factorial design. The factors were two different cuttings (July and September), two width of swath (3.05 m and 4.27 m), four times of applying artificial rain (3h, 8h, 13h, and 24h after cutting), four levels of artificial rain (no …

Combined Scale Weight, Height At Hips And Visual Condition Score As An Indicator Of Functional Body Size In Range Cows, Patricia B. Davis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Thirty-five range cows of various breeds were obtained for the study. Body measurements taken were live weight and hip height and all cows were condition scored for level of fatness. The cows were slaughtered and the following morning several carcass measurements were taken and the plate was removed from the left side. These plates were boned and the remaining flesh ground for chemical analysis of percent carcass fat. Regression equations were calculated for estimating percent carcass fat from condition score, weight:height ratio and hip height (R²=.765). However, condition score alone is the single best estimator for percent carcass …

Energy Analysis Of Flat Water Recreation: An Economic Assessment, Craig Leon Howell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Energy analysts believe that traditional economics and energy markets undervalue the only absolutely limited resource, energy. They have produced methods to supplement or supercede economics.

However, theoretical underpinnings of these methods include an energy theory of value which is shown to be too narrow to support workable economic models or numeraires. Sample rankings of recreational values on four Utah reservoirs, using energy analysis and economic methods, show that the two methods yield opposite rankings.

Influence Of Breed Type, Milk Production Potential And Cow Size Upon Maintenance Requirements, Jacqueline Lee Kennedy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two biological types of cows, straightbred Herefords (HxH) and Simmental-Hereford crosses (SxH), of similar body condition were individually fed over a 10 week period to compare the biological types for maintenance and to determine the influence of milk production potential and of size. Cows were nonlactating and in the last part of the first trimester of pregnancy. During the first 5 weeks of the feeding experiment, one-half of each type was fed 75% of estimated maintenance while the other half was fed 125% of estimated maintenance. During the last 5 weeks of the experiment those fed at 75% of maintenance …

Range Beef Cattle Productivity In Southern Utah, Mouslim A. Maiga

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty-six range beef cattle ranches in southern Utah were surveyed by personal interview to obtain production data. The data were used to characterize the level of production efficiency in terms of calving rate, weaning rate, weaning weight, and net weaning weight in these operations; and to identify factors associated with differences in productivity.

The data revealed that productive efficiency was generally lower than the potential.

Mean calving rate of cows exposed for breeding was 83.4%. Stepwise regression involving calf death losses at or shortly after birth and heifer replacement rate accounted for 98.3% of the variance in calving rate. Calving …

Detailed Description And Nomenclature Of High Resolution G-Banded Horse Chromosomes And Cytogenetic Analysis Of Hereditary Multiple Exostosis In Horses, Alma Maciulis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A reliable technique for obtaining late prophase, prometaphase and greater numbers of metaphase chromosomes is presented. The increased number of mitoses and high resolution chromosomes were obtained using a modification of the typical three-day blood culture technique in which the cell cycle was temporarily blocked at the G₁-s border with methotrexate. A high resolution G-band idiogram is presented using a system similar to the standardization of human chromosomes. The use of this technique and system of nomenclature will facilitate routine analyses of horse chromosomes and provide a basis for the identification and recording of chromosome aberrations in this …

Effects Of 3, 5, 6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol On Thyroid Function, Charles Franklin Luke

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, when administered in the diet, increases the feed efficiency (the ratio of weight gain to feed consumed) in various species of domestic animals and also appears to be retained in the liver at low concentrations, possibly by binding to a specific macromolecule. Because of its structural similarities to the outer ring of the thyroid hormones, trichloropyridinol and three structural analogs (2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenol, or 4-iodo-2,5-dichlorophenol) were tested for ability to compete in vitro with 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T₃) for nuclear receptors specific for the thyroid hormones. All four of the halogenated compounds were found to be weakly competitive for the …

An Economic Analysis Of Watershed Practices: Impact Of Grazing On Watershed, In-Hwan Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A theoretical analysis for estimating the social cost and benefits associated with the impact of grazing on rangeland watersheds has been made in this study. A dynamic maximization model is used to derive an optimal utilization of forage by grazing, where forage utilization is treated as a decision variable and the hydrologic outputs of water and sediment are considered as a possible impact resulting from grazing.

A modeling approach to predict the quantities of water runoff and sediment yield from watersheds was employed. A water balance equation and a curve number procedure were used to predict water runoff. For the …

Vocal Behavior And Interactions Among Parents And Offspring In The American Dipper, Mary Kathleen Fite

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The American Dipper (Cinclus mexicanus), an inhabitant of rapidly flowing mountain streams, is an aquatic passerine whose vocalizations have previously been undescribed. This study examines the spectrographic characteristics and contexts of calls and song in a color-banded population of Dippers. Calls of adults are the Jih, Weep and Grawk calls; calls of nestlings and fledglings are the Chip and Beg calls. Adult Dippers have a limited number of call types which occupy a middle range of frequencies (3 to 6kHz) and have structural characteristics which enhance detection of vocal signals. Gradation is present between call types. Possible explanations …

Analysis Of Processes To Determine Site Suitability For A Marina At Bear Lake, Charles J. Houghten

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis was to determine the criteria necessary for an analysis of site suitability for locating a marina at Bear Lake. Once criteria were defined and pertinent resource factors collected, a method to analyze the criteria was utilized to aid in the selection of the best site for locating this marina. Various methods to analyze site suitability were evaluated and the pros and cons of the chosen approach, a cluster analysis of existing resource transect data with hypothetical transect criteria, were discussed. Based on this study, no optimum sites were located at Bear Lake for a marina …

Forage Quality Comparison Of Burned And Nonburned Aspen Communities, Deborah L. Blank

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of prescribed burning on herbaceous and browse forage quality in the aspen forest type for elk and domestic sheep.

Plant samples of selected forage species were taken from burned and nonburned plots within three different prescribed burns in southeastern Idaho. These samples were analyzed for in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein, calcium and phosphorus. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance.

There was little improvement in forage quality as a result of prescribed burning, with some reduction in quality in 1983 exhibited by pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens). …

Plant Monoterpenoids As Factors In Diet Selection And Grazing Behaviour Of Sheep, Wilson Kimuti A. Yabann

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Grazing trials were conducted in west-central Utah in August and November, 1983. Sheep were stocked in 0.06 hectare paddocks containing a homogeneous stand of the shrub big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata subsp. tridentata). Stocking rate was 1344 animal-unit-days per hectare. Close observation was made of plants and plant parts of the sagebrush that the sheep consumed or refused to consume. Similar samples were hand-harvested from browsed and rejected plants and plant parts. These samples were later analyzed in the laboratory for monoterpenoid content, crude protein levels and digestible organic matter.

There was large variability of monoterpenoid concentrations from plant …

Differential Behavior Of Coyotes With Regard To Home Range Limits, Charles E. Harris

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to examine coyote behavioral responses to novel stimuli in familiar and unfamiliar environments and the implications of this behavior with regard to specific coyote management and research techniques. A series of pen studies with captive coyotes was undertaken at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Predator Ecology and Behavior Project research site, Logan, Utah, to observe the range and type of behaviors coyotes showed towards small novel objects and standard scent stations in familiar and unfamiliar 1-ha enclosures. The initial response to these novel stimuli in familiar environments was one of neophobia and caution, whereas in …

Childhood Experiences In Mormon Polygamous Families At The Turn Of The Century, Dorothy Geneve Young Willey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary purpose of this research was to gain insight into what childhood was like in turn-of-the-century Mormon polygamous families. This purpose was executed through two main avenues: basic empirical data and descriptive accounts. This type of research was crucial inasmuch as previous research and commentaries dealt with adult relations but little was known about children in this complex Mormon family structure.

In order to gain an understanding of childhood in Mormon polygamous families during this era, forty elderly individuals who were reared in plural marriages were interviewed in depth. A field type design was employed using a historical-cultural; in …