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Psychosocial Job Stress And Oxidative Stress In Emergency Department Nurses, Rupkatha Bardhan Jan 2018

Psychosocial Job Stress And Oxidative Stress In Emergency Department Nurses, Rupkatha Bardhan

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Job stress often causes work-related physical injuries and chronic exposure to such environment may lead to poor health outcomes. Job stress in recent years has grown significantly within the workforce due to performance pressure, long work hours and poor pay structures. Nurses work in the forefront to save patients’ lives. High job demand in this noble profession often leads to progressive decline in physical and mental health. There are existing reports that nurses in the United States (US) suffer from “burnout” syndrome which may also negatively affect patient care. There are very few studies that measured work-related stress in nurses …

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Connecting Cilium Proteins Bbs5 And Mks6 And Their Roles In Retinal Degeneration, Katie Leigh Bales Jan 2018

Connecting Cilium Proteins Bbs5 And Mks6 And Their Roles In Retinal Degeneration, Katie Leigh Bales

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The primary cilium is an evolutionary conserved structure with numerous motility and sensory-related functions, dynamically concentrating signaling molecules to developmental, homeostatic and sensory pathways. Rod and cone photoreceptor cells are highly modified primary cilia, which reside in the back of the eye within the neural retina and are responsible for dim light sensitivity and visual acuity/ color vision, respectfully. These cells require massive protein production and proper protein trafficking on a daily basis. The major protein complexes that govern protein trafficking within photoreceptors form the connecting cilium, are the transition zone which serves as a gatekeeper, regulating protein trafficking into …

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Immunophenotype In The Molecular Epidemiology Of Breast Cancer, Michael Behring Jan 2018

Immunophenotype In The Molecular Epidemiology Of Breast Cancer, Michael Behring

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This research analyzes the underlying genomic features of breast tumors during immune response, with the overall goal of discovering markers of how tumor immunity and the known features of disease pathology relate. We aimed to 1) identify and validate somatic copy number variation and RNA expression associated with nodal metastasis; 2) construct an array-based measure of tumor infiltrating immune cells and determine its prominent clinical and transcriptional features; and 3) examine the relationship between somatic mutations within p53 and tumor immune cell infiltration status. In two sets of data, gene-level copy number variation (CNV) and RNA expression from the primary …

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Characterization Of Top Three Nonfatal Occupational Injuries, 2012-2014, Levent Onat Jan 2018

Characterization Of Top Three Nonfatal Occupational Injuries, 2012-2014, Levent Onat

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Characterization of nonfatal occupational contact with object or equipment injuries, falls on same level injuries, and overexertion injuries involving outside sources that are considered as the top three occupational injuries comprise this study. The injury data from 2012 to 2014 have been obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - Occupational Supplement (NEISS-Work) which collects the data from a national probability-based sample of U.S. Hospital Emergency Departments (EDs). The data for selected variables were queried for the three most-occurring injury categories by using Work-Related Injury Statistics Query System (WORK-RISQS). Worker demographics and their impacts on injury characteristics have been …

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Aberrant Astrocyte Maturation Contributes To Rett Syndrome Pathogenesis, Natasha Lynn Pacheco Jan 2018

Aberrant Astrocyte Maturation Contributes To Rett Syndrome Pathogenesis, Natasha Lynn Pacheco

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Rett syndrome (RTT) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the transcriptional modulator, Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2). RTT is characterized by motor, behavioral and physiological deficits. MECP2 mutations are associated with other disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and intellectual disability, underscoring the important role of MeCP2 for typical brain function. Much of our understanding of MeCP2 function is derived from transcriptomic studies carried out over the last 10 years with the general assumption that alterations in the transcriptome correlate with proteomic changes. Advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have facilitated recent interest in the examination of global protein expression. In …

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Effect Of Dietary Compounds In Epigenetic Modulation And Microbial Alteration And Their Roles In Breast Tumor Inhibition, Bidisha Paul Jan 2018

Effect Of Dietary Compounds In Epigenetic Modulation And Microbial Alteration And Their Roles In Breast Tumor Inhibition, Bidisha Paul

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Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Current methods of chemoprevention and therapy have cytotoxic effects and have several short-term and long-term side effects. Therefore, the use of natural dietary bioactive compounds has gained prominence as safe and effective agents of chemoprevention and therapy. Genistein (GE), an isoflavone found in soy products, has been shown to exhibit several anticancer properties, particularly as an epigenetic modifier. We have observed that GE has the ability to alter the gut microbiome of germ-free mice humanized with fecal transplants from breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We …

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The Role Of Astrocytes In The Development Of Central Chemosensitivity, Kelsey Patterson Jan 2018

The Role Of Astrocytes In The Development Of Central Chemosensitivity, Kelsey Patterson

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In the two decades since MECP2 was identified as the causative gene in the majority of Rett Syndrome (RTT) cases, transgenic mouse models have played a critical role in our understanding of this X-linked neurodevelopmental disease. However, their exclusive use presents a limitation in translating findings from animal models to the clinic. Here, we characterized growth, anatomical, behavioral, and motor deficits in a novel zinc-finger nuclease murine RTT model from birth through adulthood. Male rats lacking the transcriptional regulatory protein, MeCP2 (Mecp2ZFN/y), are noticeably symptomatic as early as postnatal day (P) 21 and die prematurely, while females lacking one copy …

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Pathological Changes In Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission And Neuronal Function During Early Disease In The Novel Tgf344-Ad Rat Model, Lindsey Allyson Smith Jan 2018

Pathological Changes In Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission And Neuronal Function During Early Disease In The Novel Tgf344-Ad Rat Model, Lindsey Allyson Smith

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in those 65 years and older and the 6th leading cause of death in the United Sates. Current treatments only target symptoms of the disease and cannot slow or halt disease progression. The novel and comprehensive TgF344-AD rodent model may bridge the translational gap previous animal models have failed to traverse by providing the platform to probe pre-lesion synapse dysfunction, which is thought to result primarily from increased levels of toxic soluble amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau. The most recently developed model, the TgF344-AD rat was created in 2013 by insertion …

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The Role Of Pim Kinases In Hepatoblastoma Tumorigenicity, Stem Cell-Like Cancer Cell Maintenance, And Chemoresistance, Laura Lee Stafman Jan 2018

The Role Of Pim Kinases In Hepatoblastoma Tumorigenicity, Stem Cell-Like Cancer Cell Maintenance, And Chemoresistance, Laura Lee Stafman

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Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver malignancy in children. Despite increasing incidence, treatment has not changed significantly in the past 20 years, making the need for novel therapeutics imperative. Proviral Integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases that have been implicated in multiple other cancer types including the adult liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma. Emerging evidence has begun to elucidate a role for PIM kinases in stem-cell like cancer cells (SCLCCs). This subpopulation of cells is thought tobe responsible for tumor maintenance, recurrence, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Chemoresistance is a significant barrier to …

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Morphological And Functional Characterization Of A Murine Garp2-Specific Knockout, Delores Stacks Jan 2018

Morphological And Functional Characterization Of A Murine Garp2-Specific Knockout, Delores Stacks

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GARP2, found exclusively in retinal rod photoreceptors, has been proposed to function as a structural protein, a calcium binding protein, and a modulator of the phosphodiesterase regulating visual phototransduction cascade kinetics. GARP2 is a splice variant of the Cngb1 gene which also encodes the β-subunit of the phototransduction cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel and another glutamic acid-rich protein, GARP1. Mutations of the β-subunit and, recently discovered regions shared with the GARP en-coding regions of Cngb1cause retinitis pigmentosa (RP), while overexpression of GARP2 in the absence of the β-subunit accelerates the observed Cngb1-mediated retinal degeneration in mouse β-subunit knockout disease models. In …

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Protein O-Glcnacylation In Hippocampal Hyperexcitability & Gabaergic Neurotransmission, Luke Thomas Stewart Jan 2018

Protein O-Glcnacylation In Hippocampal Hyperexcitability & Gabaergic Neurotransmission, Luke Thomas Stewart

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Plasticity at central synapses is a vital component of neuronal function and an intensively studied phenomenon thought to underlie learning and memory processes in brain structures including the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. A principle mechanism at work during long-term plasticity is the rapid and heavily regulated post-translational modification of synaptic proteins such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. A comparatively understudied modification is ‘O-GlcNAcylation’, a distinct form of monoglycosylation with rapid intracellular signaling capacity as opposed to the structural and extracellular signaling roles of O- and N-linked polysaccharide chains on conventionally glycosylated proteins. O-GlcNAcylated proteins are found in every cell type/tissue system …

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Pharmacological Inhibition Of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein To Protect Against Diabetes, Lance Thielen Jan 2018

Pharmacological Inhibition Of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein To Protect Against Diabetes, Lance Thielen

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The loss of functional beta cell mass represents a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Inadequate production of insulin, a glucose-lowering hormone, and elevated glucagon production, a gluconeogenic hormone, contribute to impaired glycemic control and hyperglycemia. This promotes a vicious cycle involving glucotoxicity and additional beta cell dysfunction. Currently there are no therapies that halt this process; however, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target. TXNIP was found to be the top glucose-induced gene in a human pancreatic islet microarray, is increased in mouse models of diabetes and diabetic human …

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The Effects Of Body Size, Growth, And History Of Diabetes On Glioma Risk, Rebecca Barnhill Little Jan 2018

The Effects Of Body Size, Growth, And History Of Diabetes On Glioma Risk, Rebecca Barnhill Little

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Many dietary exposures have weak or null associations with glioma risk. As nutrition can affect growth rate in adolescence, body size throughout the lifespan, and the propensity for Type 2 diabetes, the goal of this project was to examine the relationships between these surrogates of nutritional states and the risk of glioma. The aims of this project were to examine the associations between glioma risk and 1) self-reported body measures; 2) age when full height was attained; 3) and a history of diabetes. To investigate the first aim, 1,111 glioma cases and 1,096 community controls completed a structured interview to …

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Design And Development Of An Affordable Telemetry System For Navigation Of Autonomous Vehicle, An Liu Jan 2018

Design And Development Of An Affordable Telemetry System For Navigation Of Autonomous Vehicle, An Liu

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Nearly 1.3 million people die in road crashes each year, which is on average 3,287 deaths a day. An addition to the death toll, another 20-50 million are injured or disabled [1]. These are the huge deal of damage to the human’s body. Therefore, in this thesis, we implement autonomous navigation and find the safe path for travel, in which the vehicle can find the most feasible path and drive along this path independently. In order to gain insight and have an opportunity to investigate further on autonomous vehicles field, we define the aim of this project to design, develop, …

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The Oxidative Tyrosine Modification, O,O’-Dityrosine, In Lung Disease, Morgan Locy Jan 2018

The Oxidative Tyrosine Modification, O,O’-Dityrosine, In Lung Disease, Morgan Locy

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The oxidative tyrosine modification, o,o′-dityrosine, has been identified in various pathologic conditions associated with oxidative stress in mammalian systems, and demonstrated to be important in physiologic processes in invertebrate organisms. The formation of o,o’-dityrosine is catalyzed by a heme peroxidase (hPx) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The understanding of this stable, covalent tyrosine modifica-tion in lung biology is limited. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases, including interstitial lung disease (ILD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). We observed that the oxidative protein modification, o,o’-dityrosine, was markedly ele-vated in the circulating plasma of ILD patients …

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Gender Differences In The Metabolism And Antidepressant Effects Of Ketamine, Emily Hugo Jan 2018

Gender Differences In The Metabolism And Antidepressant Effects Of Ketamine, Emily Hugo

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Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that interacts with the glutamatergic system, acting as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. At higher doses, ketamine produces negative psychotomimetic side effects, including hallucinations and delirium, leading to its abuse in the 1980s and 90s. Recently, it has been determined that at sub-anesthetic doses, it is a fast-acting antidepressant. Because ketamine elicits fast and long-lasting antidepressant responses in patients, it is being studied as a possible treatment option for those with major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression. Further, studies have shown that men and women respond to ketamine treatments differently, especially in long-term treatment, suggesting …

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Preventing Osteoarthritis By Targeting The Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling Pathway, Robert Dalton Chavez Jan 2018

Preventing Osteoarthritis By Targeting The Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling Pathway, Robert Dalton Chavez

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degenerated cartilage. In age-related OA, the molecular mechanisms that initiate cartilage erosion are not well defined. However, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is attenuated in the cartilage of patients with age-related OA and therefore may play a role in the disease. Degenerated cartilage has a rough surface and exhibits changes in stiffness. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), also known as lubricin, helps lubricate the surface of cartilage, and 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate synthase 2 (PAPSS2) helps maintain the stiffness of cartilage. Both PRG4 and PAPSS2 are regulated by TGF-β and down-regulated in OA cartilage. The present research elucidated …

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The Impact Of The Cd11b 77his And 1146ser Variants On Mac-1 Activity And Functions, Justin Timothy Avery Jan 2018

The Impact Of The Cd11b 77his And 1146ser Variants On Mac-1 Activity And Functions, Justin Timothy Avery

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Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, ITGAM/ITGB2, CR3) is a member of the β2 integrin family. While primarily expressed on myeloid lineage cells such as monocyte/macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, Mac-1 is also found on natural killer cells and some B cells and T cell populations. Mac-1 has over 50 ligands, many of which are critical for adhesion, signaling, and the promotion of immune functions like phagocytosis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked several SNPs in ITGAM, the gene which codes for CD11b, with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). rs1143679 results in an arginine to histidine change at amino acid position 77 …

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Nanomedicine: Electrohydrodynamic Atomization (Ehda) To Engineer Next-Generation Biomimetic Microphysiological Systems (Mps) And Precision Drug Delivery Systems (Dds), Karim Ismail Budhwani Jan 2018

Nanomedicine: Electrohydrodynamic Atomization (Ehda) To Engineer Next-Generation Biomimetic Microphysiological Systems (Mps) And Precision Drug Delivery Systems (Dds), Karim Ismail Budhwani

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Cancer is poised to become the leading cause of death worldwide with lifetime probability of 1-in-2 men and 1-in-3 women developing cancer. Despite this, research and development of new treatment options remains expensive and slow, in part, due to inadequate disease models, therapy evaluation assays, and absence of delivery control in leading treatment options. These factors also impede patient-specific personalized medicine. Electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) fabrication technologies, such as electrospinning (ESp) and electrospraying (ESy), offer promising nanomedicine pathways toward addressing these challenges. ESp has garnered much interest in tissue engineering but is dwarfed by softlithography in microphysiological systems (MPS), including lab-chip …

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On The Inside: Evaluating Arts Education Programs In Prisons, Natalie Rae Campbell Jan 2018

On The Inside: Evaluating Arts Education Programs In Prisons, Natalie Rae Campbell

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Prison-arts programs are those that provide hands-on art education to inmates in correctional facilities. This study examines the prevalence of such programs throughout the United States as well as the effects that they have on inmates who participate in art education within a correctional facility. The project’s purpose raises questions about the efficacy of rehabilitative education and about how this type of education is funded and sustained. The research presented provides an insight into how many people prison-arts programs serve, at what frequency, and under what conditions classes are taught, as well as outside perceptions on the improvement of quality …

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Adiposity And Health In Zoo African And Asian Elephants, Daniella Chusyd Jan 2018

Adiposity And Health In Zoo African And Asian Elephants, Daniella Chusyd

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African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephant populations are rapidly declining due to poaching, and habitat fragmentation and loss. Due to the precarious situation elephants are facing worldwide, captive elephant populations are being viewed as an insurance policy against extinction. Unfortunately, captive elephant populations are not self-sustaining, in part because of reproductive and health issues. One hypothesis for the observed reproductive and health issues is zoo elephants are obese. The current method of assessing obesity in elephants is based on a qualitative visual tool, the body condition score, which does not quantify fat mass. The purpose of this dissertation …

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The Influence Of Perceived Stress And Sleep Disturbance On Fatigue And Blood Pressure As Mediated By Cortisol In Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Heather Carol Soistmann Jan 2018

The Influence Of Perceived Stress And Sleep Disturbance On Fatigue And Blood Pressure As Mediated By Cortisol In Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Heather Carol Soistmann

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Life expectancy is improving for those with sickle cell disease (SCD); however, with this improvement come increasing risks for long-term health complications. Early identification of health concerns could lead to improved long-term health outcomes. Two health concerns in school-age children with SCD are fatigue and blood pressure (BP). Previous research with other populations indicates perceived stress and sleep disturbance may influence outcomes of fatigue and BP. Further, cortisol, a stress hormone, may mediate the proposed relationships. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine effect sizes of relationships between fatigue, BP, perceived stress, and sleep disturbance in …

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The Primary Cilium Regulates Interstitial Immune Cells During Renal Cystogenesis, Cheng Song Jan 2018

The Primary Cilium Regulates Interstitial Immune Cells During Renal Cystogenesis, Cheng Song

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Renal cysts are a pathological condition that can lead to end-stage renal failure and death. The mechanisms that underlie renal cyst development are under active investigation, and emerging evidence has revealed defects in a number of proteins required for cilia assembly or signaling, such as intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins and the polycystins. Characterization of mice harboring conditional IFT mutations suggests that the rate of cyst formation is dependent upon the timing of cilia loss. Induction of cilia loss in juvenile mice results in rapid cyst development, while induction of cilia loss in adult mice leads to a slower progressing form …

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Understanding Associations Among Race, Socioeconomic Status, And The Experience Of Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: Clinical And Experimental Evidence, Kathryn Ann Thompson Jan 2018

Understanding Associations Among Race, Socioeconomic Status, And The Experience Of Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: Clinical And Experimental Evidence, Kathryn Ann Thompson

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Knee OA is an active disease process involving cartilage destruction, subchondral bone thickening, and new bone formation affecting 22% of American adults (46.4 million) over age 18 years. Past literature suggests, a disproportionate number of racial/ethnic minorities, particularly non-Hispanic Blacks, are affected by knee OA. Furthermore, over one in four (28%) Blacks have an income below the national poverty level compared with 11% of Whites. Therefore, the overall aim of this study is to examine racial and SES differences in the experience of pain and physical functioning in adults with knee OA. 191 participants (62% female, 52% Black) were recruited …

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The Effect Of Allergic Airway Sensitization On The Immune Response To Pulmonary Bacterial Infection., Arthur Harold Totten Jan 2018

The Effect Of Allergic Airway Sensitization On The Immune Response To Pulmonary Bacterial Infection., Arthur Harold Totten

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease associated with small airway obstruction and hy-perreactivity. Greater than 300 million people are estimated to live with asthma world-wide, and in the United States (US), estimated cost-of-care is over $50 billion per year. Allergic sensitization and infections have proven to be important in both asthmatic development, as well as recurrent exacerbations. Diversity and number of bacterial species are increased in asthmatics compared to non-asthmatics, and is also predictive of increased incidence of res-piratory infections. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mpn) is an atypical bacterial pathogen of the class Mollicutes, which lacks a cell wall and is an …

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Analysis Of The Gtp Cyclohydrolase I/Tetrahydrobiopterin Pathway In Glioblastoma Biology, Anh Tran Jan 2018

Analysis Of The Gtp Cyclohydrolase I/Tetrahydrobiopterin Pathway In Glioblastoma Biology, Anh Tran

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Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults and one of the most aggressive cancers with high rates of recurrence and therapeutic resistance. In GBMs, subpopulations of highly tumorigenic cells called brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs) have the unique capacity to promote tumor maintenance, therapeutic resistance, and angiogenesis. Depending on the level, differentiation state, and tumor stage, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species inhibit or increase cancer growth and BTIC maintenance. GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) is the rate limiting enzyme in a pathway that can regulate reactive species production but has not been thoroughly investigated in GBM. …

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Strap Promotes Stemness And Tumorigenesis In Colon Cancer, Trung Vu Jan 2018

Strap Promotes Stemness And Tumorigenesis In Colon Cancer, Trung Vu

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Emerging data suggest that Serine-Threonine Kinase Receptor-Associated Protein (STRAP), a scaffold protein, is upregulated in several human cancers. Here, we report a novel oncogenic function of STRAP, maintaining the colorectal cancer stem cell subpopulations in a heterogeneous mixture and drug resistance by suppressing the formation of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and epigenetically activating Notch signals in human colorectal cancer. Our data show that depletion of STRAP by shRNA sensitizes the colorectal tumor cells to drug-induced apoptosis. STRAP knockdown also contributes to the reduced stem-like phenotype of cells, indicated by reduced expression of CSC signatures and Notch signaling regulators in …

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Visual, Attentional, And Cognitive Risk Factors For Motor Vehicle Collision Involvement Among Older Adults, Carrie Huisingh Jan 2018

Visual, Attentional, And Cognitive Risk Factors For Motor Vehicle Collision Involvement Among Older Adults, Carrie Huisingh

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Motor vehicle collisions are a major public health problem for older adults in the United States. In 2013, there were 5,671 older adults killed and an estimated 222,000 injured in motor vehicle crashes. After adjusting for miles driven, the risk of crashing increases rapidly after age 70, nearly equal to that of younger drivers whose crash rate is the highest among all age groups. Driving is a highly complex task that relies on a variety of visual and cognitive functions. A large body of work has demonstrated that drivers with visual sensory impairments and/or higher-order visual-cognitive processing deficits, those who …

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Prenatal And Postnatal Factors Regulate Food Intake And Body Composition, Minsung Kang Jan 2018

Prenatal And Postnatal Factors Regulate Food Intake And Body Composition, Minsung Kang

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This research sought to identify the effects of prenatal and postnatal factors on systemic metabolism and the regulation of food intake, weight, and body composition. It was found that the manipulation of maternal diets influenced the systemic metabolism of offspring. The offspring of dams fed an isocaloric, low protein diet were significantly smaller and consumed less food than offspring from dams fed a control diet. In the case of the offspring from dams fed a western diet, they were significantly heavier and consumed more food than offspring from dams fed a control diet. In addition, the offspring showed altered glucose …

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Out Of America, William Ervin King Jan 2018

Out Of America, William Ervin King

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OUT OF AMERICA WILLIAM ‘BO’ KING ENGLISH ABSTRACT Out of America is a creative nonfiction novella that tells the story of my life as an expatriate minor, living away from the United States where I was born. The story covers a number of themes including divorce, kidnapping, race, anti-American sentiment, death, rebirth, and figuring out my place in the middle of all of it. I wanted to write this piece to finally give voice to myself and my history. The story begins with my family’s flight from the United States. This came after legal recourse had been denied following allegations …

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