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Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention With Genistein And Resveratrol In Models Of Spontaneously Developing Prostate Cancer, Curt E. Harper Jan 2007

Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention With Genistein And Resveratrol In Models Of Spontaneously Developing Prostate Cancer, Curt E. Harper

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Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in the United States. The goal of this research was to investigate the potential of three nutriceutical polyphenols, genistein, resveratrol, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), to suppress prostate cancer. Cancer chemoprevention and mechanism of action studies were carried out in transgenic models of prostate cancer. In TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model, resveratrol suppressed poorly differentiated tumors by 86%, whereas EGCG suppressed precancerous lesions, but failed to prevent late-stage prostate cancer. Agents that were chemopreventive in the TRAMP model were subsequently evaluated alone, and in combination, in the …

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Mcmv Induced Cerebellar Maldevelopment, Thadeus B. Koontz Jan 2007

Mcmv Induced Cerebellar Maldevelopment, Thadeus B. Koontz

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Congenital Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children. While most of the systemic damage incurred by the infant in the course of the infection resolves without permanent consequence, the pathological manifestations of infection in the central nervous system (CNS) are often permanent. Children born with congenital HCMV infection may exhibit hearing loss and cognitive impairment in various degrees. These neurological disabilities are correlated with pathological findings in various permutations including infection of the inner ear, ventricular calcifications, ventriculomegaly, microgyria, lissencephaly, and cerebellar hypoplasia. To develop a therapeutic or preventive strategy, HCMV …

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Teaching Reading Using Informational Texts In Third Grade Classrooms: A Case Study In An Urban School District, Dimple J. Martin Jan 2007

Teaching Reading Using Informational Texts In Third Grade Classrooms: A Case Study In An Urban School District, Dimple J. Martin

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The purpose of these multiple descriptive case studies was to describe and analyze the perspectives of three third grade classroom teachers and two third grade reading coaches regarding the use of informational texts and their influence on reading instruction. The research design involved interviews, and observations using a sample composed of three third grade classroom teachers and two third grade reading coaches in five urban, public elementary schools in the Southeastern United States. The aim of this research was to portray a vivid description of the reading episodes in third grade classrooms. The key findings from the study were that …

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Kainate Receptor Modulation Of Synaptic Transmission In Neocortex, Seena S. Mathew Jan 2007

Kainate Receptor Modulation Of Synaptic Transmission In Neocortex, Seena S. Mathew

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The actions of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are tightly regulated to ensure effective information processing as well as prevention of excess excitatory activity, which can lead to seizures and neurological disorders such as epilepsy. Drugs which enhance the effects of GABA are used as anesthetics, sedatives and anticonvulsants. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings from neocortical neurons, we examined the mechanisms of GABAergic modulation that occur when kainate receptors (KARs) are activated. First, we address a novel signaling mechanism for the KAR-mediated facilitation of GABAergic synaptic transmission. Our first observation involved the presence of presynaptic KARs located on the …

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Sperm Production And Vitellogenesis As Biomarkers Of Endocrine Disruption In The Male Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia Affinis, Paul D. Melvin Jan 2007

Sperm Production And Vitellogenesis As Biomarkers Of Endocrine Disruption In The Male Western Mosquitofish, Gambusia Affinis, Paul D. Melvin

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Estrogenic compounds of anthropogenic origin enter the environment from several different sources, including domestic wastewater and agricultural runoff. Natural estrogens, synthetic estrogens, and estrogen breakdown products have been identified in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. These compounds have direct and indirect effects on the endocrine systems of organisms living in the receiving waters. Male mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) have been suggested as model bioindicator organisms for endocrine disruption by estrogenic compounds for a variety of reasons, including their hardiness, broad environmental tolerances (including temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen), widespread geographical distribution, and ease of use in the laboratory. We examined two …

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Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells And The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System In Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy, Sudipto Mukherjee Jan 2007

Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells And The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System In Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy, Sudipto Mukherjee

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The goal of this study was to determine the influence, if any, of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell tractional force generation and the contributions of vitreous insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) towards control of IGF activity. Another objective was to evaluate RPE cells as a potential source of all six high-affinity IGFBPs and to determine if IGFBP biosynthesis is modulated in concert with phenotype changes and growth factor stimuli known to be present in disease. RPE generate tractional forces in response to IGF-I and -II with IGF-I being the more potent stimulus. Differential …

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Association Between The Exposure To Aflatoxin And Micronutrient Status Of Hiv Infected Adults In Ghana, Francis Ayodele Obuseh Jan 2007

Association Between The Exposure To Aflatoxin And Micronutrient Status Of Hiv Infected Adults In Ghana, Francis Ayodele Obuseh

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Aflatoxins, found naturally in some foods are toxic metabolites of some Aspergillus species.They constitute the most potent hepatocarcinogens known and are also mutagenic and hepatotoxic. The preponderance of evidence indicates that aflatoxin is the major cause of hepatocellular cancer. In studies conducted in Africa, food-borne aflatoxin exposure is common (Oyelami et al. 1996; Egal et al. 2005). There is a critical need for additional information on health outcomes associated with exposure to aflatoxin in humans, especially in developing countries with a higher degree of malnutrition and likelihood of HIV infections. We sought to test the hypothesis that aflatoxin B1 and …

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Regulation Of Vertebrate Gastrulation By Erbb Signaling, Shuyi Nie Jan 2007

Regulation Of Vertebrate Gastrulation By Erbb Signaling, Shuyi Nie

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ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases have long been implicated in cancer formation and progression by regulating cell division, migration, and survival. ErbBs are also essential in multiple processes during invertebrate development; however, their activities during vertebrate embryogenesis are not well understood. For functional characterization of ErbB signaling during vertebrate development, frog model Xenopus laevis was used in our studies. The expression pattern and the general activities of ErbB receptors during early frog development were first analyzed and results shown that ErbBs regulate gastrulation, somite organization and head patterning. As gastrulation is the first major morphogenetic event in vertebrate development, I focused …

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Genetic And Epigenetic Modulation Of Telomerase Activity In Development And Disease, Sharla Marion Ostein Phipps Jan 2007

Genetic And Epigenetic Modulation Of Telomerase Activity In Development And Disease, Sharla Marion Ostein Phipps

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The end replication problem of linear chromosomes leads to the erosion of telomeric DNA with each cell division. A mechanism to counteract telomeric attrition involves the activity of the specialized ribonucleoprotein telomerase. Expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, hTERT, is tightly regulated and this regulation is achieved through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Activators such as c- MYC and SP1 and repressors such as MAD1, Menin, and p53 mediate hTERT transcription. Epigenetic control mediated by DNA methylation and histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation can reversibly and potently regulate telomerase activity. Not only is there synergism between the …

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Trafficking Of Hantaviral Nucleocapsid Proteins, Harish N. Ramanathan Jan 2007

Trafficking Of Hantaviral Nucleocapsid Proteins, Harish N. Ramanathan

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Hantaviruses are enveloped, negative-sense RNA viruses belonging to genus Hantavirus, within the family Bunyaviridae. Hantaviruses include many serious human pathogens and are classified as Old and New World based on the geographic distribution of rodent reservoirs and their ability to in induce distinct illnesses in humans. Currently there are no reservoirs known for hantaviruses other than the rodents. Human transmission of hantaviruses occurs via inhalation of aerosolized rodent excreta leading to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Hantavirus genome consists of small (S), medium (M) and large (L) segments that encode nucleocapsid (N) protein, two …

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The Role Of Complement In Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis, Russell W. Read Jan 2007

The Role Of Complement In Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis, Russell W. Read

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The complement system has been increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of autoimmune disease. Complement expression in the normal human eye had not been previously completely defined. We performed immunohistochemical studies for membrane complement proteins in normal human retina to provide a baseline for future studies. We found expression of the anaphylatoxin receptors, CD55, and CD59 in the inner retina and CD46 in a polarized fashion on the retinal pigment epithelium. Previous studies in uveitis have shown activated fragments of complement in human eyes with uveitis and animal models have shown an effect on disease by complement depletion with cobra venom …

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Pathogenesis And Therapeutic Potential Of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells In Siv/Shiv-Infected Macaques, R Keith Reeves Jan 2007

Pathogenesis And Therapeutic Potential Of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells In Siv/Shiv-Infected Macaques, R Keith Reeves

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Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are among the first responders during acute viral infections and are the primary producers of IFN-α, a cytokine known to inhibit viral replication and to activate natural killer (NK) cells. In HIV patients pDCs are decreased in number, are dysfunctional, and can harbor HIV-1 proviruses. However, since the time of transmission is usually unknown, pDC-virus interactions immediately after exposure to HIV remain unclear. Using the SIV/SHIV-macaque model, we showed that an acute and sustained loss of blood pDCs occurred during SIVmac239 infections, and when compared to those from naïve controls, pDCs were also significantly reduced in …

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In Vivo Imaging Studies In Animal Models Of Myocardial Infarction With And Without Cell Injections, Balazs Ruzsics Jan 2007

In Vivo Imaging Studies In Animal Models Of Myocardial Infarction With And Without Cell Injections, Balazs Ruzsics

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After prolonged myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction occurs. Several tissue changes are associated with myocardial infarction and iron labeled cell injections. In the present thesis our major aim was to develop methods to monitor these tissue changes with MRI and MDCT. In the first chapter we used transendocardial injection to deliver iron labeled allogen skeletal myoblasts one week after myocardial infarction. Our goal was to identify the cells and/or injection sites in the myocardium. We used our new Tissue Characterization Mapping method to delineate tissue edema and hemorrhage in the myocardium. The T2 weighted signal intensity enhancement, T2w SIE region was …

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Processing, Characterizati On And Modeling Of Carbon Nanofiber Modified Carbo N/Carbon Composites, Francis J. Samalot Rivera Jan 2007

Processing, Characterizati On And Modeling Of Carbon Nanofiber Modified Carbo N/Carbon Composites, Francis J. Samalot Rivera

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Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composites are used in high temperature applications because they exhibit excellent thermomechanical properties. There are several challenges associated with the processing of C/C composites that include long cycle times, formation of closed porosity within fabric woven architecture and carbonization induced cracks that can lead to reduction of mechanical properties. This work addresses various innovative approaches to reduce processing uncertainties and thereby improve thermomechanical properties of C/C by using vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) in conjunction with carbon fabric and precursor phenolic matrix. The different aspects of the proposed research contribute to understanding of the translation of VGCNFs properties …

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The Characterization Of The Subcellular Localization Of Bile Acid Coa: N-Acyltransferase, Nathan Allen Styles Jan 2007

The Characterization Of The Subcellular Localization Of Bile Acid Coa: N-Acyltransferase, Nathan Allen Styles

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The liver plays a central role in metabolism. It controls protein metabolism through deamination and transamination of amino acids, removal of ammonia through urea synthesis, synthesis of non-essential amino acids and synthesis of the majority of plasma proteins such as albumin. The liver regulates blood glucose levels through glyconeogenesis and glyconeolysis of glycogen, as well as gluconeogenesis from amino acids. It regulates fat metabolism through oxidation of triglycerides and fatty acids, as well as synthesis of cholesterol, lipoproteins, and phospholipids. Furthermore, the liver is the only site of formation of bile acids and their conjugates, physiologically important compounds that solubilize …

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Bacillus Anthracis Spore-Host Interactions, Melissa K. Swiecki Jan 2007

Bacillus Anthracis Spore-Host Interactions, Melissa K. Swiecki

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The use of Bacillus anthracis as a bioweapon depends on the dispersal of its spores into the environment, entrance into the body, spore uptake by human host cells, germination of the spores in the host and the pathological consequences of the virulence factors produced by the vegetative cells. Prior to 2001, very little was known about the mechanisms of spore entry into the host, including targeting cell types at airway, digestive and skin surfaces, potential spore receptors on these cells and spore encounters with cellular and humoral elements of the innate and adaptive immune systems. To this end, we have …

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Relaxation Rate-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification Of Myocardial Infarction, Pal Suranyi Jan 2007

Relaxation Rate-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification Of Myocardial Infarction, Pal Suranyi

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Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in western societies. Treatment needs to be tailored for each individual, which requires accurate assessment of the underlying pathology. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a relatively young modality in the field of cardiovascular imaging, and boasts with the lack of harmful radiation, excellent soft tissue contrast, and high spatial-temporal resolution. The very foundation of the concept of MRI was the finding that pathology causes changes in the relaxation rates of tissues. Measurement of relaxation rates is more time consuming than generating simple signal intensity images weighted by the longitudinal or transverse …

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A Study Of Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Somatic Symptoms, And Spirituality In Practitioners Of The Martial Art Aikido, Howell E. Tapley Jan 2007

A Study Of Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Somatic Symptoms, And Spirituality In Practitioners Of The Martial Art Aikido, Howell E. Tapley

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The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between physical, mental and spiritual health. An additional purpose was to determine if the practice of aikido was associated with measurable levels of somatic symptoms, perceived stress, anxiety and spirituality. Measurement instruments included Cohen’s 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Spielberger’s 20-item Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and the 16-item Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES). A cross-sectional research design was utilized in this study to test the following hypotheses: 1) After controlling for demographic variables, daily spiritual experience will explain variability in perceived stress, anxiety and somatic symptoms, …

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Demonstration And Evaluation Of Avatar Assistant: Encouraging Social Development In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders., Ingrid Maria Hopkins Jan 2007

Demonstration And Evaluation Of Avatar Assistant: Encouraging Social Development In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders., Ingrid Maria Hopkins

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No abstract provided.

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The Study Of Gfap Transcription., Youngjin Lee Jan 2007

The Study Of Gfap Transcription., Youngjin Lee

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No abstract provided.

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The Relationship Of Risk For Unintentional Injury And Externalizing Behavior In Childhood., Elizabeth B. Bowling Jan 2007

The Relationship Of Risk For Unintentional Injury And Externalizing Behavior In Childhood., Elizabeth B. Bowling

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No abstract provided.

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Proteolysis And The Growth Hormone Receptor: Identification And Characterization Of Ghr As A Γ-Secretase Substrate, Jon Walter Cowan Jan 2007

Proteolysis And The Growth Hormone Receptor: Identification And Characterization Of Ghr As A Γ-Secretase Substrate, Jon Walter Cowan

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No abstract provided.

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Does Speed Of Processing Training Impact Driving Mobility In Older Adults?, Lesley Anne Ross Jan 2007

Does Speed Of Processing Training Impact Driving Mobility In Older Adults?, Lesley Anne Ross

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No abstract provided.

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Acute Effects Of Ambient Ozone On Daily Hospital Admissions And Daily Mortality For Respiratory And Cardiovascular Diseases Among Residents Of Bangkok, Thailand, Kannika Ruangdej Jan 2007

Acute Effects Of Ambient Ozone On Daily Hospital Admissions And Daily Mortality For Respiratory And Cardiovascular Diseases Among Residents Of Bangkok, Thailand, Kannika Ruangdej

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No abstract provided.

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Prepubertal Bisphenol A Exposure In The Rat Mammary Gland: Mechanism Of Action For Carcinogenesis, Nandini Raghuraman Jan 2007

Prepubertal Bisphenol A Exposure In The Rat Mammary Gland: Mechanism Of Action For Carcinogenesis, Nandini Raghuraman

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No abstract provided.

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Dysregulated Enac And Nhe Function In Cilium-Deficient Renal Collecting Duct Cell Monolayers, A Model Of Polycystic Kidney Disease, Dragos S. Olteanu Jan 2007

Dysregulated Enac And Nhe Function In Cilium-Deficient Renal Collecting Duct Cell Monolayers, A Model Of Polycystic Kidney Disease, Dragos S. Olteanu

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No abstract provided.

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Sturctural And Functional Analysis Of Klf4, Ashka Y. Pandya Jan 2007

Sturctural And Functional Analysis Of Klf4, Ashka Y. Pandya

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No abstract provided.

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Aging Differences In Mechanisms Of Human Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy, David J. Kosek Jan 2007

Aging Differences In Mechanisms Of Human Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy, David J. Kosek

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No abstract provided.

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Sunscreen Fluorescence In Skin, Skin Cells, And Dielectric Nanospheres: A New Method To Evaluate Sunscreen In A Novel Model System For Skin, Rajagopal Krishnan Jan 2007

Sunscreen Fluorescence In Skin, Skin Cells, And Dielectric Nanospheres: A New Method To Evaluate Sunscreen In A Novel Model System For Skin, Rajagopal Krishnan

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No abstract provided.

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Role Of Hypoxia In Epithelial Gene Regulation, Jennifer S. Guimbellot Jan 2007

Role Of Hypoxia In Epithelial Gene Regulation, Jennifer S. Guimbellot

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No abstract provided.

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