Digital Commons Network^™

Estradiol Protects Against Pain-Facilitated Fentanyl Use Via Suppression Of Opioid-Evoked Dopamine Activity In Males, Jessica A Higginbotham, Julian G Abt, Rachel H Teich, Joanna J Dearman, Tania Lintz, Jose A Morón

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Pain relief is the most frequently reported motivation for opioid misuse, but it remains unclear how pain alters reward pathway function contributing to maladaptive opioid use and whether these neuroadaptations occur in a sex-specific manner. Here, we show that persistent inflammatory pain leads to augmented fentanyl self-administration in male, not female, rats. Wireless in vivo fiber photometry recordings and chemogenetic manipulations indicate that pain-facilitated fentanyl use is mediated by enhanced ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTA

Human Papilloma Virus Infection Drives Unique Metabolic And Immune Profiles In Head And Neck And Cervical Cancers: Implications For Targeted Therapies And Prognostic Markers, Saira Hamid, Mohd Shahnawaz Khan, Meraj Alam Khan, Naoshad Muhammad, Mayank Singh, Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil, Ajaz A Bhat, Muzafar A Macha

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a key driver of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC). Yet, these cancers exhibit distinct molecular and clinical features influenced by HPV status. This study utilizes RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). It employs bioinformatics tools, including DESeq2 for differential gene expression, CIBERSORT for immune profiling, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to investigate these differences. Differential expression analysis revealed distinct molecular signatures, with HPV-positive tumors enriched in immune-related pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. In contrast, HPV-negative tumors exhibited upregulation of metabolic pathways, including PPAR signaling. Metaflux …

Rag Suppresses Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells, Aaron M Ver Heul, Madison Mack, Lydia Zamidar, Masato Tamari, Ting-Lin Yang, Anna M Trier, Do-Hyun Kim, Hannah Janzen-Meza, Steven J Van Dyken, Chyi-Song Hsieh, Jenny M Karo, Joseph C Sun, Brian S Kim

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Antigen specificity is the central trait distinguishing adaptive from innate immune function. Assembly of antigen-specific T cell and B cell receptors occurs through V(D)J recombination mediated by the Recombinase Activating Gene endonucleases RAG1 and RAG2 (collectively called RAG). In the absence of RAG, mature T and B cells do not develop and thus RAG is critically associated with adaptive immune function. In addition to adaptive T helper 2 (Th2) cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to type 2 immune responses by producing cytokines like Interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-13. Although it has been reported that RAG expression modulates the …

Barriers And Facilitators Of The Implementation Of Mammography Screening In The Brazilian Public Health System: Scoping Review, Danila Cristina Paquier Sala, Oswaldo Yoshimi Tanaka, Reginaldo Adalberto Luz, Alexandre Pazetto Balsanelli, Sonia Isoyama Venancio, Marília Cristina Prado Louvison, Ana A Baumann

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: There are high incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer in Brazil. Brazilian's social and economic disparities, along with complexities of its health system pose challenges to the appropriate implementation of mammography screening as a public policy for the population. In 2015, the Ministry of Health updated the recommendations for the early detection of breast cancer, which had, until then, been based on specialists' consensus, maintaining biennial screening mammography for women aged 50-69 years. However, the screening coverage did not exceed 25% of the expected number of exams for the Brazilian population who use the public health system. The …

Identifying Genetic Errors Of Immunity Due To Mosaicism, Elizabeth G Schmitz, Malachi Griffith, Obi L Griffith, Megan A Cooper

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Inborn errors of immunity are monogenic disorders of the immune system that lead to immune deficiency and/or dysregulation in patients. Identification of precise genetic causes of disease aids diagnosis and advances our understanding of the human immune system; however, a significant portion of patients lack a molecular diagnosis. Somatic mosaicism, genetic changes in a subset of cells, is emerging as an important mechanism of immune disease in both young and older patients. Here, we review the current landscape of somatic genetic errors of immunity and methods for the detection and validation of somatic variants.

Antibiotic De-Escalation In The Intensive Care Unit: Rationale And Potential Strategies, Sarah Singer Matuszak, Lauren Kolodziej, Scott Micek, Marin Kollef

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Antibiotic de-escalation (ADE) is important to help optimize antibiotic use and balance the positive and negative effects of antimicrobial therapy. ADE should be performed promptly, and infections should be treated with the shortest course of antimicrobials as clinically feasible to avoid unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Several tools have been developed to increase efficient ADE, including rapid diagnostic tests (ex. multiplex PCR), MRSA nasal PCR/culture, and biomarkers. Multiplex PCR and MRSA nasal PCR/culture have been associated with reductions in inappropriate antibiotic use. Procalcitonin, a biomarker, has been associated with shorter antimicrobial durations in some studies; however, widespread use may be …

Transmission Pathways Of Campylobacter Jejuni Between Humans And Livestock In Rural Ethiopia Are Highly Complex And Interdependent, Nitya Singh, Cecilie A N Thystrup, Bahar Mummed Hassen, Menuka Bhandari, Gireesh Rajashekara, Tine M Hald, Mark J Manary, Sarah L Mckune, Jemal Yusuf Hassen, Helen L Smith, Jonathan C Marshall, Nigel P French, Arie H Havelaar, Caged Research Team Members

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli are the most common causes of bacterial enteritis worldwide whereas symptomatic and asymptomatic infections are associated with stunting in children in low- and middle-income countries. Little is known about their sources and transmission pathways in low- and middle-income countries, and particularly for infants and young children. We assessed the genomic diversity of C. jejuni in Eastern Ethiopia to determine the attribution of infections in infants under 1 year of age to livestock (chickens, cattle, goats and sheep) and other humans (siblings, mothers).

RESULTS: Among 287 C. jejuni isolates, 48 seven-gene sequence types (STs), including …

Selection Of Therapeutically Effective T-Cell Receptors From The Diverse Tumor-Bearing Repertoire, Leonie Rosenberger, Naresha Saligrama, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The development of T-cell receptor (TCR)-based T-cell therapies is hampered by the difficulties in identifying therapeutically effective tumor-specific TCRs from the natural repertoire of a patient's cancer-specific T cells.

METHODS: Here, we mimic experimentally near-patient conditions to analyze the T-cell repertoire in euthymic tumor-bearing mice responding to the H-2K

RESULTS: We found that mp68-specific TCRs isolated from either tumor-infiltrating T cells or spleens of mice immunized with mp68-expressing cancer cells are diverse and not inherently therapeutic when introduced into peripheral T cells and used for adoptive therapy of established tumors. While measuring short-term T-cell responses in vitro was unreliable …

Mrn-Ctip, Exo1, And Dna2-Wrn/Blm Act Bidirectionally To Process Dna Gaps In Parpi-Treated Cells Without Strand Cleavage, Isabelle M Seppa, Mithila Tennakoon, Jessica Jackson, Celia D Rouault, Sumedha Agashe, Vladislav O Sviderskiy, Mangsi Limbu, Erica Lantelme, Alice Meroni, Priyanka Verma, Alessandro Vindigni, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps impact genome stability and PARP inhibitor (PARPi) sensitivity, especially in BRCA1/2-deficient tumors. Using single-molecule DNA fiber analysis, electron microscopy, and biochemical methods, we found that MRN, CtIP, EXO1, and DNA2-WRN/BLM resect ssDNA gaps through a mechanism different from their actions at DNA ends. MRN resects ssDNA gaps in the 3'-to-5' direction using its pCtIP-stimulated exonuclease activity. Unlike at DNA ends, MRN does not use its endonucleolytic activity to cleave the 5'-terminated strand flanking the gap or the ssDNA. EXO1 and DNA2-WRN/BLM specifically resect the 5' end of the gap independent of MRN-CtIP. This resection process alters …

Atypical Presentation Of Iars1-Related Disorder: Expanding The Phenotype And Genotype, Parith Wongkittichote, Kira E Jonatzke, Benjamin T Hyde, Lance W Peterson, Mai He, Robert C Mckinstry, Anthony Antonellis, Marwan Shinawi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA, which is required for protein translation. A growing number of cases are associated with ARS deficiencies. Pathogenic variants in

High-Dimensional Mediation Analysis For Longitudinal Mediators And Survival Outcomes, Lili Liu, Haixiang Zhang, Yinan Zheng, Tao Gao, Cheng Zheng, Kai Zhang, Lifang Hou, Lei Liu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Mediation analysis with high-dimensional mediators is crucial for identifying epigenetic pathways linking environmental exposures to health outcomes. However, high-dimensional mediation analysis methods for longitudinal mediators and a survival outcome remain underdeveloped. This study fills that gap by introducing a method that captures mediation effects over time using multivariate, longitudinally measured time-varying mediators. Our approach uses a longitudinal mixed effects model to examine the relationship between the exposure and the mediating process. We connect the mediating process to the survival outcome using a Cox proportional hazards model with time-varying mediators. To handle high-dimensional data, we first employ a mediation-based sure independence …

Multiregional Implementation Initiative's Impact On Guideline-Based Performance Measures For Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure: Implement-Hf, Andrew J. Sauer, Nancy Sweitzer, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Despite randomized data for survival benefit (with class 1 recommendations) for treating heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction using quadruple medical therapy (QMT)-defined as evidence-based β-blockers, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, preferably angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist-it is underutilized. IMPLEMENT-HF is a multiregional HF quality improvement initiative to improve care and outcomes for patients with HF by enhancing the use of QMT in routine practice.

METHODS: This analysis of HF with reduced ejection fraction treatment in patients from hospitals participating in the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines-HF who volunteered to participate in IMPLEMENT-HF in 7 …

Combining Exercise Training And Testosterone Therapy In Older Women After Hip Fracture: The Step-Hi Randomized Clinical Trial, Ellen F Binder, Peter M Doré, Camelia Guild, Kelly M Monroe, Dominic Reeds, Kenneth B Schechtman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Despite receiving postacute rehabilitation services, many older women with a recent hip fracture repair are unable to return to their prefracture level of function. Whether testosterone therapy can enhance recovery after hip fracture in older women with persistent mobility impairments has not been fully examined.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a supervised exercise program combined with topical testosterone therapy on functional outcomes in older women with a recent hip fracture.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This phase 3 double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, Starting a Testosterone and Exercise Program After Hip Injury (STEP-HI), was conducted at 8 US sites …

Assessing Hypersight Iterative Cbct For Dose Calculation In Online Adaptive Radiotherapy For Pelvis And Breast Patients Compared To Synthetic Ct, Jingwei Duan, Joel A Pogue, Dennis N Stanley, Sui Shen, Natalie N Viscariello, Carlos E Cardenas, Richard A Popple, Joseph Harms

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: Recent technological advancements have increased efficiency for clinical deliverability of online-adaptive-radiotherapy (oART). Previous cone-beam-computed-tomography (CBCT) generations lacked the ability to provide reliable Hounsfield-units (HU), thus requiring oART workflows to rely on synthetic-CT (sCT) images derived through deformable-image-registration (DIR) between the planning CT (pCT) and the daily CBCT. These sCTs are prone to errors stemming from DIR, potentially contributing to dosimetric errors. This study aims to evaluate the capability of direct dose calculation using a novel CBCT platform, HyperSight (Varian-Medical-Systems), as an alternative for sCT.

METHODS/MATERIALS: To validate the HyperSight iterative CBCT (HS-iCBCT) HU accuracy, 125 kV and 140 kV …

For Girls And Women (4gw) Hpv Rct Protocol: A Crowdsourced, Pragmatic Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial To Improve Uptake Of Hpv Vaccination And Screening Among Mother-Daughter Dyads In Nigeria, Juliet Iwelunmor, Ekenechukwu Kokelu, Temitope Ojo, Olufunto Olusanya, Titilola Gbaja-Biamila, Peter Kalulu, Angel Obiorah, Maria Afadapa, Nkiruka Obodoechina, Onyeka Anikamadu, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Expanding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for girls and HPV self-collection for women can reduce the global burden of cervical cancer. However, HPV vaccination and self-collection services are rarely implemented simultaneously in mother-daughter dyads, leaving a critical gap in cervical cancer prevention. From 2023 to 2024, a community-engaged model for combined HPV vaccination and screening was co-designed using crowdsourcing open calls and designathons with mother-daughter teams and pilot-tested by trained research facilitators. This study explores the impact of this crowdsourced, community-engaged mother-daughter campaign and implementation strategy bundle on HPV vaccination among girls and HPV screening among their mothers in Nigeria …

Trends In Urology Residency Applications: Results From The American Urological Association Medical Student Survey From 2022 To 2024, Michael Creswell, Kirsten Greene, Lee Richstone, Simone Thavaseelan, Erica Traxel, Aaron Tverye, Casey Kowalik, Gina Badalato, Thomas Jarrett, Kate Kraft, Mathew Sorensen, Moben Mirza

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive overview of the American Urological Association Medical Student Surveys and includes data 2022, 2023, and 2024.

METHODS: Data collected through surveys distributed prior to match day and were distributed to all medical students who submitted a rank list for urology residency. Questions consisted of various topics, including applicant demographics, application metrics, and experiences with preference signals and virtual interviews.

RESULTS: 440 (79%), 428 (84%), and 387 (77%) applicants participated in surveys for the years 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively. Applicants continue to participate in research at a high level. Additionally, United States Medical Licensing Exam …

Treatment Patterns And Survival Among Veterans With De Novo Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer, Martin W Schoen, Saira Khan, Eric M Knoche, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Combination therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has been widely adopted, yet clinical use and outcomes are unknown. Furthermore, optimal therapy is uncertain due to lack of direct comparison of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) and docetaxel in high-volume disease.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of combination therapy and its association with overall survival among patients with mHSPC and to compare ARPIs vs docetaxel doublet therapy by volume of disease.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the US Veterans Health Administration among 6216 US veterans with de novo mHSPC from January 1, 2013, …

Clinical Validation Of A Vaginal Cervical Cancer Screening Self-Collection Method For At-Home Use: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial, Megan B Fitzpatrick, Colleen Mcnicholas, Lindsay Kuroki, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: One-quarter of US women who are at risk for cervical cancer delay screening. Self-collected (SC) cervical screening was recently US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved in the US for use in a health care setting only; an at-home SC option is crucial to address clinic-related barriers to screening.

OBJECTIVE: To clinically validate the use of an SC device that was designed for optimal at-home performance, safety, ease-of-use, and dry storage and transport.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This nonrandomized clinical trial used a prospective method comparison study design. Participants aged 25 to 65 years were recruited from 16 clinical sites …

Functions Of Communication During Emergency Care Of Children With Medical Complexity: Caregiver Perspectives, Julia A Ciurria, Jennifer Reyes Lin, Cassandra M Pruitt, Bryan A Sisk

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: We investigated communication experiences of caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC) during emergency care.

METHODS: Fifteen caregivers of CMC participated in semi-structured interviews regarding communication while seeking care for their child in the emergency department (ED). Thematic analysis was applied using a previously established functional communication model as an a priori framework.

RESULTS: Each of the previously established 8 core functions of communication were identified in this population. "Building relationships" manifested as clinicians soliciting caregiver input and responding to the needs of the caregiver. "Exchanging information" included clearly explaining next steps to caregivers. "Responding to emotions" acknowledged the …

"They Gave Me One Star?" An Analysis Of Online Reviews Of Hand Surgeons, Stephen J Demartini, Brendan J Navarro, Christopher J Dy

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Measures of patient satisfaction are growing in importance. Patients can use online review websites as opportunities to both praise and criticize their physicians and health care experience. We examined "one star" reviews of American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) members, with the hypothesis that the types of complaints would differ based on patient management and physician gender (based on social identity).

METHODS: We assembled a list of ASSH members in the Midwest region using the ASSH "Find a Hand Surgeon" tool. We then screened three online physician rating websites, including Yelp.com, Healthgrades.com, and Vitals.com, for physician profiles …

Clinical Correlates Of A High Cardiorespiratory Risk Score For Very Low Birth Weight Infants, Sherry L Kausch, Claire C Slevin, Amanda Duncan, Karen D Fairchild, Douglas E Lake, Jessica Keim-Malpass, Zachary A Vesoulis, Brynne A Sullivan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: A pulse oximetry warning system (POWS) to analyze heart rate and oxygen saturation data and predict risk of sepsis was developed for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

METHODS: We determined the clinical correlates and positive predictive value (PPV) of a high POWS score in VLBW infants. In a two-NICU retrospective study, we identified times when POWS increased above 6 (POWS spike). We selected an equal number of control times, matched for gestational and chronologic age. We reviewed records for infection and non-infection events around POWS spikes and control times. We calculated the frequencies and PPV of a POWS …

The Multiverse Of Cd46 And Oncologic Interactions, M. Kathryn Liszewski, John P. Atkinson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Initially identified as a regulator of complement activation on host cells, the known roles of CD46 (membrane cofactor protein [MCP]) have expanded. We now know that this ancient molecule is expressed on almost all nucleated cells as a family of four predominant isoforms. It also is involved in human reproduction, modulation of T cell activation and immunoinflammatory effector functions, autophagy, and the newly identified intracellular complement system (complosome). CD46 is also known as a "pathogen" magnet, being a port of entry for at least seven bacteria and five viruses. Moreover, CD46 has recently emerged as a key player in cancer …

Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease-Associated Anorectal And Fistula Cancers: Systematic Review And Expert Consensus, Serre-Yu Wong, Parakkal Deepak, David H Ballard, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (PFCD)-associated anorectal and fistula cancers are rare but often devastating diagnoses. However, given the low incidence and consequent lack of data and clinical trials in the field, there is little to no guidance on screening and management of these cancers. To inform clinical practice, we developed consensus guidelines on PFCD-associated anorectal and fistula cancers by multidisciplinary experts from the international TOpClass consortium.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review by standard methodology, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool. We subsequently developed consensus statements using a Delphi consensus approach.

RESULTS: Of 561 articles identified, …

Social Anxiety Moderates The Association Between Adolescent Irritability And Bully Perpetration, Michael T Perino, Jennifer C Harper-Lednicky, Alecia C Vogel, Chad M Sylvester, Deanna M Barch, Joan L Luby

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Preliminary work suggests anxiety moderates the relationship between irritability and bullying. As anxiety increases, the link between irritability and perpetration decreases. We hypothesize that any moderation effect of anxiety is driven by social anxiety symptoms. We sought to explicate the moderating effect of anxiety, while clarifying relations to other aggressive behaviors.

METHODS: A sample of adolescents (

RESULTS: Irritability was significantly related to bullying (

CONCLUSIONS: Understanding how psychopathology interacts with social behaviors is of great importance. Higher social anxiety is linked to reduced relations between irritability and bullying; however, the link between irritability and other aggression remains positive. …

Research Participant Interest In Learning Results Of Biomarker Tests For Alzheimer Disease, Spondita Goswami, Sarah M Hartz, Amy Oliver, Sacha Jackson, Tomi Ogungbenle, Alissa Evans, Erin Linnenbringer, Krista L Moulder, John C Morris, Jessica Mozersky

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: While available evidence suggests there are not major psychosocial harms of return of research results, there are limited data on uptake of Alzheimer disease (AD) research results or reasons for declining to learn results among participants in AD research studies.

OBJECTIVES: To quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate who declines to learn individual AD biomarker research results and what factors are associated with the decision.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This observational cohort study was conducted between November 1, 2020, and April 15, 2024, among participants aged 65 years or older with unimpaired cognition and available biomarker data (apolipoprotein E genotype and …

Introducing A New Polymerase Chain Reaction Panel–Based Cerebrospinal Fluid Evaluation For Encephalitis And Meningitis: Does It Influence Empiric Treatment Duration, Length Of Hospital Stay, And Pathogen-Specific Diagnoses?, Fabian Sidler, Pascal Bittel, Jonas Marschall, Philipp Jent

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We analyzed the impact of a diagnostic meningitis/encephalitis polymerase chain reaction panel. Introducing the test resulted in no significantly shortened empiric antibiotic streptococcal/meningococcal treatment (-1 day [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0-3 days];

Early-Life Factors And Body Mass Index Trajectories Among Children In The Echo Cohort, Chang Liu, Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Identifying atypical body mass index (BMI) trajectories in children and understanding associated, modifiable early-life factors may help prevent childhood obesity.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize multiphase BMI trajectories in children and identify associated modifiable early-life factors.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study included longitudinal data obtained from January 1997 to June 2024, from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort, which included children aged 1 to 9 years with 4 or more weight and height assessments. Analyses were conducted from January to June 2024.

EXPOSURES: Prenatal exposure to substances and stress (smoking, alcohol, depression, anxiety), maternal characteristics (prepregnancy …

Simulation-Guided Pan-Cancer Analysis Identifies A Novel Regulator Of Cpg Island Hypermethylation Heterogeneity, Xianglin Zhang, Wei Zhang, Jinyi Zhang, Xiuhong Lyu, Haoran Pan, Tianwei Jia, Ting Wang, Xiaowo Wang, Haiyang Guo

2020-Current year OA Pubs

CpG island hypermethylation, a hallmark of cancer, exhibits substantial heterogeneity across tumors, presenting both opportunities and challenges for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. While this heterogeneity offers potential for patient stratification to predict clinical outcomes and personalize treatments, it complicates the development of robust biomarkers for early detection. Understanding the mechanisms driving this heterogeneity is essential for advancing biomarker design. Here, simulation-based analyses demonstrate that tumor purity and the high prevalence of low epi-mutation samples significantly obscure the identification of negative, rather than positive, regulators of CpG island hypermethylation, limiting a comprehensive understanding of heterogeneity sources. By addressing these confounders, we …

Three-Year Analysis Of Adult Patients With Relapsed Or Refractory B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated With Brexucabtagene Autoleucel In Zuma-3, Bijal D Shah, Armin Ghobadi, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) is an autologous anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy approved in the US to treat adults aged ≥18 years (≥26 years in the EU) with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Brexu-cel showed an overall complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi) rate of 73% (CR rate 60%) and median overall survival (OS) of 25.4 months in 78 patients with R/R B-ALL after 2 years in ZUMA-3. Here, we report updated outcomes after >3 years median follow-up. As of July 23, 2022, median follow-up in all patients (N = 78) was 41.6 months. Median OS (95% CI) …

Impact Of Chatgpt And Large Language Models On Radiology Education: Association Of Academic Radiology-Radiology Research Alliance Task Force White Paper, David H Ballard, Alexander Antigua-Made, Emily Barre, Elizabeth Edney, Emile B Gordon, Linda Kelahan, Taha Lodhi, Jonathan G Martin, Melis Ozkan, Kevin Serdynski, Bradley Spieler, Daphne Zhu, Scott J Adams

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Generative artificial intelligence, including large language models (LLMs), holds immense potential to enhance healthcare, medical education, and health research. Recognizing the transformative opportunities and potential risks afforded by LLMs, the Association of Academic Radiology-Radiology Research Alliance convened a task force to explore the promise and pitfalls of using LLMs such as ChatGPT in radiology. This white paper explores the impact of LLMs on radiology education, highlighting their potential to enrich curriculum development, teaching and learning, and learner assessment. Despite these advantages, the implementation of LLMs presents challenges, including limits on accuracy and transparency, the risk of misinformation, data privacy issues, …