Digital Commons Network^™

The Structure And Diversity Of Strain-Level Variation In Vaginal Bacteria, Brett A Tortelli, Amanda L Lewis, Justin C Fay

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The vaginal microbiome plays an important role in human health and species of vaginal bacteria have been associated with reproductive disease. Strain-level variation is also thought to be important, but the diversity, structure and evolutionary history of vaginal strains is not as well characterized. We developed and validated an approach to measure strain variation from metagenomic data based on SNPs within the core genomes for six species of vaginal bacteria:

Areas Of Metabolomic Exploration For Helminth Infections, Jeffrey D Whitman, Judy A Sakanari, Makedonka Mitreva

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Helminths represent a diverse category of parasitic organisms that can thrive within a host for years, if not decades, in the absence of treatment. As such, they must establish mechanisms to subsist off their hosts, evade the immune system, and develop a niche among the other cohabiting microbial communities. The complex interplay of biologically small molecules (collectively known as the metabolome) derived from, utilized by, or in response to the presence of helminths within a host is an emerging field of study. In this Perspective, we briefly summarize the current existing literature, categorize key host-pathogen-microbiome interfaces that could be studied …

A Timely Call To Arms: Covid-19, The Circadian Clock, And Critical Care, Jeffrey Haspel, Minjee Kim, Phyllis Zee, Tanja Schwarzmeier, Sara Montagnese, Satchidananda Panda, Adriana Albani, Martha Merrow

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We currently find ourselves in the midst of a global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the highly infectious novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we discuss aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology and pathology and how these might interact with the circadian clock of the host. We further focus on the severe manifestation of the illness, leading to hospitalization in an intensive care unit. The most common severe complications of COVID-19 relate to clock-regulated human physiology. We speculate on how the pandemic might be used to gain insights on the circadian clock but, more importantly, on …

Characterization And Localization Of Antigens For Serodiagnosis Of Human Paragonimiasis, Kurt C Curtis, Kerstin Fischer, Young-Jun Choi, Makedonka Mitreva, Gary J Weil, Peter U Fischer

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Paragonimiasis is a foodborne trematode infection that affects 23 million people, mainly in Asia. Lung fluke infections lead frequently to chronic cough with fever and hemoptysis, and are often confused with lung cancer or tuberculosis. Paragonimiasis can be efficiently treated with praziquantel, but diagnosis is often delayed, and patients are frequently treated for other conditions. To improve diagnosis, we selected five Paragonimus kellicotti proteins based on transcriptional abundance, recognition by patient sera, and conservation among trematodes and expressed them as His-fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. Sequences for these proteins have 76-99% identity with amino acid sequences for orthologs in the …

A Modified Delphi Approach To Develop A Trial Protocol For Antibiotic De-Escalation In Patients With Suspected Sepsis, Michael E Yarrington, Rebekah W Moehring, Michael Z David, Keith W Hamilton, Michael Klompas, Chanu Rhee, Kevin Hsueh, Elizabeth Dodds Ashley, Ronda L Sinkowitz-Cochran, Matthew Ryan, Deverick J Anderson, Detours Expert Panel Of The Cdc Prevention Epicenters Program

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: Early administration of antibiotics in sepsis is associated with improved patient outcomes, but safe and generalizable approaches to de-escalate or discontinue antibiotics after suspected sepsis events are unknown.

Methods: We used a modified Delphi approach to identify safety criteria for an opt-out protocol to guide de-escalation or discontinuation of antibiotic therapy after 72 hours in non-ICU patients with suspected sepsis. An expert panel with expertise in antimicrobial stewardship and hospital epidemiology rated 48 unique criteria across 3 electronic survey rating tools. Criteria were rated primarily based on their impact on patient safety and feasibility for extraction from electronic health …

Evaluation Of A Hybrid Antimicrobial Restriction Process At A Large Academic Medical Center, Jesse D Smith, Linh H Nguyen, Tamara Krekel, Jerrica Waggoner, David J Ritchie, Michael J Durkin, Kevin Hsueh, Elizabeth A Neuner

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We conducted a retrospective review of a hybrid antimicrobial restriction process demonstrating adherence to appropriate use criteria in 72% of provisional-only orders, in 100% of provisional orders followed by ID orders, and in 97% of ID-initiated orders. Therapy interruptions occurred in 24% of provisional orders followed by ID orders.

Climate Change And Antibiotic Resistance: A Deadly Combination, Jason P Burnham

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Climate change is driven primarily by humanity's use of fossil fuels and the resultant greenhouse gases from their combustion. The effects of climate change on human health are myriad and becomingly increasingly severe as the pace of climate change accelerates. One relatively underreported intersection between health and climate change is that of infections, particularly antibiotic-resistant infections. In this perspective review, the aspects of climate change that have already, will, and could possibly impact the proliferation and dissemination of antibiotic resistance are discussed.

Convalescent Plasma Therapy For Covid-19: A Graphical Mosaic Of The Worldwide Evidence, Stephen A Klassen, Brenda J Grossman, Jeffrey P Henderson, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Convalescent plasma has been used worldwide to treat patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and prevent disease progression. Despite global usage, uncertainty remains regarding plasma efficacy, as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have provided divergent evidence regarding the survival benefit of convalescent plasma. Here, we argue that during a global health emergency, the mosaic of evidence originating from multiple levels of the epistemic hierarchy should inform contemporary policy and healthcare decisions. Indeed, worldwide matched-control studies have generally found convalescent plasma to improve COVID-19 patient survival, and RCTs have demonstrated a survival benefit when transfused early in the disease course but …

Profiles Of Hiv Care Disruptions Among Adult Patients Lost To Follow-Up In Zambia: A Latent Class Analysis, Aaloke Mody, Kombatende Sikombe, Laura K. Beres, Sandra Simbeza, Njekwa Mukamba, Ingrid Eshun-Wilson, Sheree Schwartz, Jake Pry, Nancy Padian, Charles B. Holmes, Carolyn Bolton-Moore, Izukanji Sikazwe, Elvin H. Geng

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Patients report varied barriers to HIV care across multiple domains, but specific barrier patterns may be driven by underlying, but unobserved, behavioral profiles.

METHODS: We traced a probability sample of patients lost to follow-up (>90 days late) as of July 31, 2015 from 64 clinics in Zambia. Among those found alive, we ascertained patient-reported reasons for care disruptions. We performed latent class analysis to identify patient subgroups with similar patterns of reasons reported and assessed the association between class membership and care status (ie, disengaged versus silently transferred to a new site).

RESULTS: Among 547 patients, we identified …

Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis Increases Resistance Gene Prevalence And Α-Diversity But Decreases Β-Diversity In The Gut Microbiome Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed, Uninfected Infants, Alaric W D'Souza, Eshia Moodley-Govender, Bertram Berla, Tejas Kelkar, Bin Wang, Xiaoqing Sun, Brodie Daniels, Anna Coutsoudis, Indi Trehan, Gautam Dantas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic cotrimoxazole treatment is recommended in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed, uninfected (HEU) infants, but the effects of this treatment on developing HEU infant gut microbiotas and resistomes are largely undefined.

METHODS: We analyzed whole-metagenome sequencing data from 163 longitudinally collected stool samples from 63 HEU infants randomized to receive (n = 34; CTX-T) or to not receive (n = 29; CTX-N) prophylactic cotrimoxazole treatment. We generated taxonomic, functional pathway, and resistance gene profiles for each sample and compared microbiome signatures between the CTX-T and CTX-N infants.

RESULTS: Metagenomic analysis did not reveal significant differences in taxonomic or functional pathway …

Longitudinal Care Cascade Outcomes Among People Eligible For Antiretroviral Therapy Who Are Newly Linking To Care In Zambia: A Multistate Analysis, Aaloke Mody, David V Glidden, Ingrid Eshun-Wilson, Kombatende Sikombe, Sandra Simbeza, Njekwa Mukamba, Paul Somwe, Laura K Beres, Jake Pry, Carolyn Bolton-Moore, Nancy Padian, Charles B Holmes, Izukanji Sikazwe, Elvin H Geng

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Retention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care is dynamic, with patients frequently transitioning in and out of care. Analytical approaches (eg, survival analyses) commonly used to assess HIV care cascade outcomes fail to capture such transitions and therefore incompletely represent care outcomes over time.

METHODS: We analyzed antiretroviral therapy (ART)-eligible adults newly linking to care at 64 clinics in Zambia between 1 April 2014 and 31 July 2015. We used electronic medical record data and supplemented these with updated care outcomes ascertained by tracing a multistage random sample of patients lost to follow-up (LTFU, >90 days late for last …

Conversational Ontology Operator: Patient-Centric Vaccine Dialogue Management Engine For Spoken Conversational Agents, Muhammad Amith, Rebecca Z Lin, Licong Cui, Dennis Wang, Anna Zhu, Grace Xiong, Hua Xu, Kirk Roberts, Cui Tao

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Previously, we introduced our Patient Health Information Dialogue Ontology (PHIDO) that manages the dialogue and contextual information of the session between an agent and a health consumer. In this study, we take the next step and introduce the Conversational Ontology Operator (COO), the software engine harnessing PHIDO. We also developed a question-answering subsystem called Frankenstein Ontology Question-Answering for User-centric Systems (FOQUS) to support the dialogue interaction.

METHODS: We tested both the dialogue engine and the question-answering system using application-based competency questions and questions furnished from our previous Wizard of OZ simulation trials.

RESULTS: Our results revealed that the dialogue …

Approaches To Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas In Less Fit Patients, Nancy L Bartlett

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Treating unfit patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma poses the dilemma of balancing potential cure while minimizing toxicity because of frailty and comorbidities. Age greater than 80 years and common comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus often preclude the use of full-dose anthracyclines and steroids, the backbones of standard regimens for aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Assessing patient fitness remains subjective, with no consensus on best practice or how to integrate assessment tools into decision making. Incorporation of prephase steroids for all unfit patients may markedly improve performance status with consideration of standard dose therapy, especially in patients less …

Reducing Infant Catheterization In The Emergency Department Through Clean-Catch Urine Collection., Amanda E Mulcrone, Manas Parikh, Fahd A Ahmad

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Our emergency department (ED) traditionally relied on urethral catheterization to obtain urine cultures when evaluating infants for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Catheterization is associated with adverse effects, and recent studies have demonstrated clean-catch urine methods can be successfully used to obtain urine cultures. We pursued a quality improvement (QI) initiative aimed at decreasing the frequency of urethral catheterizations in our ED by using an established clean-catch technique to obtain infant urine cultures.

METHODS: We implemented a clean-catch urine collection method, which we entitled "Bladder Massage," for infants 0-6 months of age needing a urine culture in our ED. Exclusions …

A Praziquantel Treatment Study Of Immune And Transcriptome Profiles In Schistosoma Haematobium-Infected Gabonese Schoolchildren, Lucja A Labuda, Ayola A Adegnika, Bruce A Rosa, John Martin, Ulysse Ateba-Ngoa, Abena Serwaa Amoah, Honorine Mbenkep Lima, Lynn Meurs, Moustapha Mbow, Mikhael D Manurung, Jeannot F Zinsou, Hermelijn H Smits, Peter G Kremsner, Makedonka Mitreva, Maria Yazdanbakhsh

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Although Schistosoma haematobium infection has been reported to be associated with alterations in immune function, in particular immune hyporesponsiveness, there have been only few studies that have used the approach of removing infection by drug treatment to establish this and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms.

METHODS: Schistosoma haematobium-infected schoolchildren were studied before and after praziquantel treatment and compared with uninfected controls. Cellular responses were characterized by cytokine production and flow cytometry, and in a subset of children RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) transcriptome profiling was performed.

RESULTS: Removal of S haematobium infection resulted in increased schistosome-specific cytokine responses that were …

Phosphodiesterase 5 (Pde5) Restricts Intracellular Cgmp Accumulation During Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Infection, Jennifer Foulke-Abel, Huimin Yu, Laxmi Sunuwar, Ruxian Lin, James M Fleckenstein, James B Kaper, Mark Donowitz

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic

Antimicrobial Resistance In Enteric Bacteria: Current State And Next-Generation Solutions, M J Wallace, S R S Fishbein, G Dantas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the largest threats to global health and imposes substantial burdens in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic costs. The gut is a key conduit for the genesis and spread of antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacterial pathogens. Distinct bacterial species that cause enteric disease can exist as invasive enteropathogens that immediately evoke gastrointestinal distress, or pathobionts that can arise from established bacterial commensals to inflict dysbiosis and disease. Furthermore, various environmental reservoirs and stressors facilitate the evolution and transmission of resistance. In this review, we present a comprehensive discussion on circulating resistance profiles and gene mobilization …

Characterization Of Glycan Determinants That Mediate Recognition Of The Major Wuchereria Bancrofti Circulating Antigen By Diagnostic Antibodies, Marla I Hertz, Amy Rush, Thomas B Nutman, Gary J Weil, Sasisekhar Bennuru, Philip J Budge

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) relies heavily on a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) to a Wuchereria bancrofti circulating filarial antigen (Wb-CFA) to identify endemic areas and for determining when mass drug administration can stop. The antigen contains a carbohydrate epitope that is recognized by monoclonal antibody AD12. Og4C3, a monoclonal antibody that is used in a commercial ELISA for Wb-CFA recognizes the same moiety. Despite its diagnostic importance, little is known about the structure and function of this "AD12 epitope". It is also present on other W. bancrofti glycoproteins and on glycoproteins of other filarial worms, but …

Fatal Covid-19 Infection In A Patient With Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A Case Report, Parith Wongkittichote, James R Watson, Jennifer M Leonard, Elizabeth R Toolan, Patricia I Dickson, Dorothy K Grange

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Long-chain fatty-acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) is an inborn error of long chain fatty acid oxidation with various features including hypoketotic hypoglycemia, recurrent rhabdomyolysis, pigmentary retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. Various stresses trigger metabolic decompensation. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by the RNA virus SARS-CoV-2 with diverse presentations ranging from respiratory symptoms to myocarditis. We report a case of a patient with LCHADD who initially presented with typical metabolic decompensation symptoms including nausea, vomiting, and rhabdomyolysis in addition to mild cough, and was found to have COVID-19. She developed acute respiratory failure and refractory hypotension from …

Comparing Intervention Strategies For Reducing Clostridioides Difficile Transmission In Acute Healthcare Settings: An Agent-Based Modeling Study, Brittany Stephenson, Cristina Lanzas, Suzanne Lenhart, Eduardo Ponce, Jason Bintz, Erik R Dubberke, Judy Day

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common healthcare infections. Common strategies aiming at controlling CDI include antibiotic stewardship, environmental decontamination, and improved hand hygiene and contact precautions. Mathematical models provide a framework to evaluate control strategies. Our objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of control strategies in decreasing C. difficile colonization and infection using an agent-based model in an acute healthcare setting.

METHODS: We developed an agent-based model that simulates the transmission of C. difficile in medical wards. This model explicitly incorporates healthcare workers (HCWs) as vectors of transmission, tracks individual patient antibiotic histories, incorporates varying …

Efficacy And Safety Of A Single Dose Of Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazine, And Albendazole For Treatment Of Lymphatic Filariasis In Côte D'Ivoire: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial, Catherine M Bjerum, Allassane F Ouattara, Méité Aboulaye, Olivier Kouadio, Vanga K Marius, Britt J Andersen, Gary J Weil, Benjamin G Koudou, Christopher L King

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Improved drug regimens are needed to accelerate elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Africa. This study determined whether a single co-administered dose of ivermectin plus diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole [IDA] is noninferior to standard 3 annual doses of ivermectin plus albendazole (IA) used in many LF-endemic areas of Africa.

METHODS: Treatment-naive adults with Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia in Côte d'Ivoire were randomized to receive a single dose of IDA (n = 43) or 3 annual doses of IA (n = 52) in an open-label, single-blinded trial. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who were microfilaria (Mf) negative at 36 months. …

Accuracy Of The Tuberculosis Point-Of-Care Alere Determine Lipoarabinomannan Antigen Diagnostic Test Using Α-Mannosidase Treated And Untreated Urine In A Cohort Of People Living With Hiv In Guatemala, Juan Ignacio García, Carlos Mejía-Chew, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Improved point-of-care diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) in severe immune suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH) are needed to decrease morbidity and mortality outcomes. The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of the lipoarabinomannan antigen test (LAM-test) with and without α-mannosidase pre-treated urine in a cohort of PLWH in primary care clinics in Guatemala. We further determined TB incidence, and mortality rates and its risk factors in PLWH with TB symptoms.

METHODS: Prospective longitudinal study of PLWH with TB symptoms. Urine samples were collected at 2 HIV sites to test the sensitivity of the LAM-test in …

Macrophage-Associated Lipin-1 Promotes Β-Oxidation In Response To Proresolving Stimuli, Robert M Schilke, Cassidy M R Blackburn, Shashanka Rao, David M Krzywanski, Brian N Finck, Matthew D Woolard

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Macrophages reprogram their metabolism to promote appropriate responses. Proresolving macrophages primarily use fatty acid oxidation as an energy source. Metabolites generated during the catabolism of fatty acids aid in the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair, but the regulatory mechanisms that control lipid metabolism in macrophages are not fully elucidated. Lipin-1, a phosphatidic acid phosphatase that has transcriptional coregulator activity, regulates lipid metabolism in a variety of cells. In this current study, we show that lipin-1 is required for increased oxidative phosphorylation in IL-4 stimulated mouse (

How Might Improved Estimates Of Hiv Programme Outcomes Influence Practice? A Formative Study Of Evidence, Dissemination And Response, Njekwa Mukamba, Laura K Beres, Chanda Mwamba, Jeanna Wallenta Law, Stephanie M Topp, Sandra Simbeza, Kombatende Sikombe, Nancy Padian, Charles B Holmes, Elvin H Geng, Izukanji Sikazwe

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: While HIV programmes have started millions of persons on life-saving antiretroviral therapy in Africa, longitudinal health information systems are frail and, therefore, data about long-term survival is often inaccurate or unknown to HIV programmes. The 'Better Information for Health in Zambia' (BetterInfo) Study - a regional sampling-based survey to assess retention and mortality in HIV programmes in Zambia - found both retention and mortality to be higher than prevailing estimates from national surveillance systems. We sought to understand how Zambian health decision-makers at different health system levels would respond to these new data, with a view to informing research …

Understanding The Impact Of Antibiotic Perturbation On The Human Microbiome, Drew J Schwartz, Amy E Langdon, Gautam Dantas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The human gut microbiome is a dynamic collection of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses that performs essential functions for immune development, pathogen colonization resistance, and food metabolism. Perturbation of the gut microbiome's ecological balance, commonly by antibiotics, can cause and exacerbate diseases. To predict and successfully rescue such perturbations, first, we must understand the underlying taxonomic and functional dynamics of the microbiome as it changes throughout infancy, childhood, and adulthood. We offer an overview of the healthy gut bacterial architecture over these life stages and comment on vulnerability to short and long courses of antibiotics. Second, the resilience of the …

Diarrhea As A Potential Cause And Consequence Of Reduced Gut Microbial Diversity Among Undernourished Children In Peru, Saba Rouhani, Nicholas W Griffin, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Jeanette L Gehrig, Maribel Paredes Olortegui, Mery Siguas Salas, Dixner Rengifo Trigoso, Lawrence H Moulton, Eric R Houpt, Michael J Barratt, Margaret N Kosek, Jeffrey I Gordon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Detrimental effects of diarrhea on child growth and survival are well documented, but details of the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent evidence demonstrates that perturbations to normal development of the gut microbiota in early life may contribute to growth faltering and susceptibility to related childhood diseases. We assessed associations between diarrhea, gut microbiota configuration, and childhood growth in the Peruvian Amazon.

METHODS: Growth, diarrhea incidence, illness, pathogen infection, and antibiotic exposure were assessed monthly in a birth cohort of 271 children aged 0-24 months. Gut bacterial diversity and abundances of specific bacterial taxa were quantified by sequencing 16S …

Comparison Of Repeated Doses Of Ivermectin Versus Ivermectin Plus Albendazole For The Treatment Of Onchocerciasis: A Randomized, Open-Label, Clinical Trial, Linda Batsa Debrah, Kerstin Fischer, Gary Weil, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Improved treatment for onchocerciasis is needed to accelerate onchocerciasis elimination in Africa. Aiming to better exploit registered drugs, this study was undertaken to determine whether annual or semiannual treatment with ivermectin (IVM; 200 µg/kg) plus albendazole (ALB; 800 mg single dose) is superior to IVM alone.

METHODS: This trial was performed in Ghana and included 272 participants with microfilariae (MF), who were randomly assigned to 4 treatment arms: (1) IVM annually at 0, 12, and 24 months; (2) IVM semiannually at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months; (3) IVM+ALB annually; or (4) IVM+ALB semiannually. Microfiladermia was determined pretreatment …

Safety, Tolerability, And Immunogenicity Of Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoite Vaccine Administered By Direct Venous Inoculation To Infants And Young Children: Findings From An Age De-Escalation, Dose-Escalation, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Study In Western Kenya, Laura C Steinhardt, Ginnie Abarbanell, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The whole Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) vaccine is being evaluated for malaria prevention. The vaccine is administered intravenously for maximal efficacy. Direct venous inoculation (DVI) with PfSPZ vaccine has been safe, tolerable, and feasible in adults, but safety data for children and infants are limited.

METHODS: We conducted an age de-escalation, dose-escalation randomized controlled trial in Siaya County, western Kenya. Children and infants (aged 5-9 years, 13-59 months, and 5-12 months) were enrolled into 13 age-dose cohorts of 12 participants and randomized 2:1 to vaccine or normal saline placebo in escalating doses: 1.35 × 105, 2.7 × 105, 4.5 …

Gut Microbiota Features Associated With Campylobacter Burden And Postnatal Linear Growth Deficits In A Peruvian Birth Cohort, Saba Rouhani, Nicholas W Griffin, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Maribel Paredes Olortegui, Mery Siguas Salas, Dixner Rengifo Trigoso, Lawrence H Moulton, Eric R Houpt, Michael J Barratt, Margaret N Kosek, Jeffrey I Gordon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Campylobacter infection is associated with impaired growth of children, even in the absence of symptoms. To examine the underlying mechanisms, we evaluated associations between Campylobacter infection, linear growth, and fecal microbial community features in a prospective birth cohort of 271 children with a high burden of diarrhea and stunting in the Amazonian lowlands of Peru.

METHODS: Campylobacter was identified using a broadly reactive, genus-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 16S rRNA-based analyses were used to identify bacterial taxa in fecal samples at ages 6, 12, 18, and 24 months (N = 928). Associations between infection, growth, and gut microbial community composition …

Tonic Tcr Signaling Inversely Regulates The Basal Metabolism Of Cd4+ T Cells, Ashley A Viehmann Milam, Juliet M Bartleson, Michael D Buck, Chih-Hao Chang, Alexey Sergushichev, David L Donermeyer, Wing Y Lam, Erika L Pearce, Maxim N Artyomov, Paul M Allen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The contribution of self-peptide-MHC signaling in CD4