Digital Commons Network^™

Utilization Of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (Cmr) Imaging For Resumption Of Athletic Activities Following Covid-19 Infection: An Expert Consensus Document On Behalf Of The American Heart Association Council On Cardiovascular Radiology And Intervention (Cvri) Leadership And Endorsed By The Society For Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (Scmr), Frederick L Ruberg, Aaron L Baggish, Allison G Hays, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Jiwon Kim, Karen G Ordovas, Gautham Reddy, Chetan Shenoy, Jonathan W Weinsaft, Pamela K Woodard

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by infection with severe acute respiratory suyndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now entering its 4th year with little evidence of abatement. As of December 2022, the World Health Organization Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard reported 643 million cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide and 98 million in the United States alone as the country with the highest number of cases. While pneumonia with lung injury has been the manifestation of COVID-19 principally responsible for morbidity and mortality, myocardial inflammation and systolic dysfunction though uncommon are well-recognized features that also associate with adverse prognosis. …

Lecanemab In Patients With Early Alzheimer's Disease: Detailed Results On Biomarker, Cognitive, And Clinical Effects From The Randomized And Open-Label Extension Of The Phase 2 Proof-Of-Concept Study, Eric Mcdade, Jeffrey L Cummings, Shobha Dhadda, Chad J Swanson, Larisa Reyderman, Michio Kanekiyo, Akihiko Koyama, Michael Irizarry, Lynn D Kramer, Randall J Bateman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Lecanemab, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets soluble aggregated Aβ species (protofibrils), has demonstrated robust brain fibrillar amyloid reduction and slowing of clinical decline in early AD. The objective of this analysis is to report results from study 201 blinded period (core), the open-label extension (OLE), and gap period (between core and OLE) supporting the effectiveness of lecanemab.

METHODS: The lecanemab study 201 core was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 856 patients randomized to one of five dose regimens or placebo. An OLE of study 201 was initiated to allow patients to receive open-label lecanemab 10mg/kg biweekly …

Expanded Proteomic Survey Of The Human Parasite Leishmania Major Focusing On Changes In Null Mutants Of The Golgi Gdp-Mannose/Fucose/Arabinopyranose Transporter, Gloria Polanco, Nichollas E Scott, Lon F Lye, Stephen M Beverley

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The trypanosomatid protozoan parasite

A Mobile Phone Text Messaging Intervention To Manage Fatigue For People With Multiple Sclerosis, Spinal Cord Injury, And Stroke: Development And Usability Testing, Kerri A. Morgan, Alex W K Wong, Kim Walker, Rachel Heeb Desai, Tina M Knepper, Pamela K Newland

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Fatigue significantly affects daily functioning in persons with disabilities. Fatigue management can be challenging, and the information provided during routine physician visits to manage fatigue can be overwhelming. One way to address fatigue is to increase knowledge, skills, and confidence for self-management (ie, patient activation). Self-management programs have shown promising effects in targeting fatigue in persons with disabilities. However, satisfaction with self-management programs is low for persons with disabilities, and tailoring interventions to personalized needs has been recommended. SMS text messaging is increasingly being used to implement health behavior change interventions in a person's natural environment. Little has been …

Advice To Clinicians On Communication From Adolescents And Young Adults With Cancer And Parents Of Children With Cancer, Meghana Srinivas, Erica C Kaye, Lindsay J Blazin, Justin N Baker, Jennifer W Mack, James M Dubois, Bryan A Sisk

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Effective communication is integral to patient and family-centered care in pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology and improving healthcare delivery and outcomes. There is limited knowledge about whether AYAs and parents have similar communication preferences and needs. By eliciting and comparing communication advice from AYAs and parents, we can identify salient guidance for how clinicians can better communicate. We performed secondary analysis of semi-structured interviews from 2 qualitative communication studies. In one study, 80 parents of children with cancer during treatment, survivorship, or bereavement were interviewed. In the second study, AYAs with cancer during treatment or survivorship were …

A Unique High-Output Cardiac Hypertrophy Phenotype Arising From Low Systemic Vascular Resistance In Cantu Syndrome, Gautam K Singh, Conor Mcclenaghan, Manish Aggarwal, Hongjie Gu, Maria S Remedi, Dorothy K Grange, Colin G Nichols

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background Cardiomegaly caused by left ventricular hypertrophy is a risk factor for development of congestive heart failure, classically associated with decreased systolic and/or diastolic ventricular function. Less attention has been given to the phenotype of left ventricular hypertrophy with enhanced ventricular function and increased cardiac output, which is potentially associated with high-output heart failure. Lack of recognition may pose diagnostic ambiguity and management complexities. Methods and Results We sought to systematically characterize high-output cardiac hypertrophy in subjects with Cantu syndrome (CS), caused by gain-of-function variants in

Quality Assessment And Refinement Of Chromatin Accessibility Data Using A Sequence-Based Predictive Model, Seong Kyu Han, Yoshiharu Muto, Parker C Wilson, Benjamin D Humphreys, Matthew G Sampson, Aravinda Chakravarti, Dongwon Lee

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Chromatin accessibility assays are central to the genome-wide identification of gene regulatory elements associated with transcriptional regulation. However, the data have highly variable quality arising from several biological and technical factors. To surmount this problem, we developed a sequence-based machine learning method to evaluate and refine chromatin accessibility data. Our framework, gapped k-mer SVM quality check (gkmQC), provides the quality metrics for a sample based on the prediction accuracy of the trained models. We tested 886 DNase-seq samples from the ENCODE/Roadmap projects to demonstrate that gkmQC can effectively identify "high-quality" (HQ) samples with low conventional quality scores owing to marginal …

Cardiac Physical Exam Skills And Auscultation Session For Pediatric Interns, Christopher A Sumski, Anoop Singh, Amanda Rogers, Robert Treat, Charles Bergstrom

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Physicians need adequate physical exam skills. Unfortunately, interns have variable physical exam skills, and teaching is often limited to rounds, an inconsistent setting. Physical exam skills, particularly those involving auscultation, require practice. Our goal was to create a cardiac physical exam workshop for pediatric interns that would improve their performance on an interactive assessment of their ability and understanding in physical exam and murmur interpretation.

METHODS: We completed a targeted needs assessment and then developed a 2-hour workshop on the pediatric cardiac physical exam targeted to pediatrics residents. The workshop included didactics, group discussion, and practice interpreting common pediatric …

Morphologic Design Of Nanostructures For Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity, Fatma Al-Zahraa Sayed, Noura G Eissa, Yidan Shen, David A Hunstad, Karen L Wooley, Mahmoud Elsabahy

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Despite significant progress in synthetic polymer chemistry and in control over tuning the structures and morphologies of nanoparticles, studies on morphologic design of nanomaterials for the purpose of optimizing antimicrobial activity have yielded mixed results. When designing antimicrobial materials, it is important to consider two distinctly different modes and mechanisms of activity-those that involve direct interactions with bacterial cells, and those that promote the entry of nanomaterials into infected host cells to gain access to intracellular pathogens. Antibacterial activity of nanoparticles may involve direct interactions with organisms and/or release of antibacterial cargo, and these activities depend on attractive interactions and …

Perspectives On Joint Eanm/Snmmi/Anzsnm Practice Guidelines/Procedure Standards For [18f]Fdg Pet/Ct Imaging During Immunomodulatory Treatments In Patients With Solid Tumors, E Lopci, R L Wahl, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Response assessment in the context of immunomodulatory treatments represents a major challenge for the medical imaging community and requires a multidisciplinary approach with involvement of oncologists, radiologists, and nuclear medicine specialists. There is evolving evidence that [

Restoring Mitochondrial Cardiolipin Homeostasis Reduces Cell Death And Promotes Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury, Nai-Kui Liu, Chunyan Wang, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Alterations in phospholipids have long been associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, their specific roles and signaling cascades in mediating cell death and tissue repair remain unclear. Here we investigated whether alterations of cardiolipin (CL), a family of mitochondrion-specific phospholipids, play a crucial role in mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death following SCI. Lipidomic analysis was used to determine the profile of CL alteration in the adult rat spinal cord following a moderate contusive SCI at the 10th thoracic (T10) level. Cellular, molecular, and genetic assessments were performed to determine whether CL alterations mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death after …

Caregiver Perceptions Of Change In Pediatric Asthma Control During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Gabrielle Pogge, Erika A Waters, Gregory D Webster, Sreekala Prabhakaran, Jean M Hunleth, David A Fedele, James A Shepperd

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Although several indicators suggest that pediatric asthma control in the United States improved early in the pandemic, other indicators suggest not. Missing are reports from caregivers of the experiences of their children with asthma early in the pandemic.

METHODS: Using the PP-ACT and other measures that we specifically constructed for our research, we conducted a cross-sectional national survey of US caregivers of children with asthma (N=595) to examine perceived change in their child's asthma control and changes in reports of ED visits and use of emergency relief medicine and controller medicine pre-pandemic (January to March 2020) versus early-pandemic (June …

Type Iv Pili Are A Critical Virulence Factor In Clinical Isolates Of Paenibacillus Thiaminolyticus, Christine Hehnly, Petra Erdmann Gilmore, R. Reid Townsend, David D. Limbrick, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Hydrocephalus, the leading indication for childhood neurosurgery worldwide, is particularly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. Hydrocephalus preceded by an infection, or postinfectious hydrocephalus, accounts for up to 60% of hydrocephalus in these areas. Since many children with hydrocephalus suffer poor long-term outcomes despite surgical intervention, prevention of hydrocephalus remains paramount. Our previous studies implicated a novel bacterial pathogen, Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus, as a causal agent of neonatal sepsis and postinfectious hydrocephalus in Uganda. Here, we report the isolation of three

Self-Hybridization In Leishmania Major, Tiago R Ferreira, Ehud Inbar, Jahangheer Shaik, Brendan M Jeffrey, Kashinath Ghosh, Deborah E. Dobson, Stephen M. Beverley, David Sacks

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Genetic exchange between different

Covid-19 Induces Cns Cytokine Expression And Loss Of Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Allison L Soung, Abigail Vanderheiden, Xiaoping Jiang, Traci Bricker, Adrianus C M Boon, Robyn S Klein, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with acute and postacute cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms including impaired memory, concentration, attention, sleep and affect. Mechanisms underlying these brain symptoms remain understudied. Here we report that SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters exhibit a lack of viral neuroinvasion despite aberrant blood-brain barrier permeability. Hamsters and patients deceased from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also exhibit microglial activation and expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, especially within the hippocampus and the medulla oblongata, when compared with non-COVID control hamsters and humans who died from other infections, cardiovascular disease, uraemia or trauma. In the …

An Isochroman Analog Of Cd3254 And Allyl-, Isochroman-Analogs Of Net-Tmn Prove To Be More Potent Retinoid-X-Receptor (Rxr) Selective Agonists Than Bexarotene, Peter W Jurutka, Orsola Di Martino, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Bexarotene is an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL); however, its use provokes or disrupts other retinoid-X-receptor (RXR)-dependent nuclear receptor pathways and thereby incites side effects including hypothyroidism and raised triglycerides. Two novel bexarotene analogs, as well as three unique CD3254 analogs and thirteen novel NEt-TMN analogs, were synthesized and characterized for their ability to induce RXR agonism in comparison to bexarotene (

Evaluation Of Mtorc1 Signaling In Mouse Atherosclerotic Macrophages By Flow Cytometry And Immunofluorescence, Xiangyu Zhang, Jeremiah Stitham, Astrid Rodriguez-Velez, Se-Jin Jeong, Arick Park, Yu-Sheng Yeh, Divya Kapoor, Bettina Mittendorfer, Babak Razani

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Previous studies have demonstrated that a high-protein diet leads to increased atherosclerosis in mice, and that this adverse effect is caused by activation of macrophage mTORC1 signaling. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the evaluation of diet-induced mTORC1 signaling in plaque macrophages in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice. This protocol includes flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis of atherosclerotic macrophages that can be used to study the atherogenic potential of a variety of mTORC1 modulators. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhang et al. (2020).

Mouse Kidney Nuclear Isolation And Library Preparation For Single-Cell Combinatorial Indexing Rna Sequencing, Haikuo Li, Benjamin D. Humphreys

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Single-cell combinatorial indexing RNA sequencing (sci-RNA-seq3) enables high-throughput single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling of multiple samples in one experiment. Here, we describe an optimized protocol of mouse kidney nuclei isolation and sci-RNA-seq3 library preparation. The use of a dounce tissue homogenizer enables nuclei extraction with high yield. Fixed nuclei are processed for sci-RNA-seq3, and self-loaded transposome Tn5 is used for tagmentation in library generation. The step-by-step protocol allows researchers to generate scalable single-cell transcriptomic data with common laboratory supplies at low cost. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al. (2022).

A Whole-Genome Sequencing Study Implicates Gramd1b In Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility, Federica Esposito, Bryan Bollman, Laura Piccio, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

While the role of common genetic variants in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been elucidated in large genome-wide association studies, the contribution of rare variants to the disease remains unclear. Herein, a whole-genome sequencing study in four affected and four healthy relatives of a consanguineous Italian family identified a novel missense c.1801T > C (p.S601P) variant in the

An Fmri Protocol For Administering Liquid Incentives To Human Participants, Debbie M Yee, Jennifer L Crawford, Todd S Braver

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This protocol describes the materials and approaches for administering liquid incentives to human participants during fMRI scanning. We first describe preparation of the liquid solutions (e.g., neutral solution and saltwater) and liquid delivery setups. We then detail steps to connect the setups to the computer-controlled syringe pump in the MRI control room, followed by procedures for testing the syringe pump dispensing a liquid bolus during the task. Description of custom software and required adapters for implementing the liquid setup are included. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Yee et al. (2021).

A Systematic Approach To Provide Feedback To Presenters At Virtual And Face-To-Face Professional Meetings, S Beth Bierer, Anna Cianciolo, Heeyoung Han, Janice Hanson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: To promote their personal and professional growth, medical educators need practical, actionable feedback on their scholarship, as well as guidance for documenting their scholarship in educator portfolios. We offer a framework and resources to provide formative and summative feedback to faculty, administrators, and/or learners delivering an oral presentation at a face-to-face or virtual health professions education meeting.

METHODS: In 2014, the leadership of the Central Group on Educational Affairs (CGEA) meeting planning committee developed and piloted a process to provide individuals with formative and summative feedback on their oral CGEA research presentations at face-to-face meetings and create a transparent …

Detection Of Biomarkers For Filoviral Infection With A Silicon Photonic Resonator Platform, Krista Meserve, Abraham J Qavi, M Javad Aman, Hong Vu, Larry Zeitlin, John M Dye, Jeffrey W Froude, Daisy W Leung, Lan Yang, Frederick W Holtsberg, Gaya K Amarasinghe, Ryan C Bailey

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This protocol describes the use of silicon photonic microring resonator sensors for detection of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Sudan virus (SUDV) soluble glycoprotein (sGP). This protocol encompasses biosensor functionalization of silicon microring resonator chips, detection of protein biomarkers in sera, preparing calibration standards for analytical validation, and quantification of the results from these experiments. This protocol is readily adaptable toward other analytes, including cytokines, chemokines, nucleic acids, and viruses. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Qavi et al. (2022).

Mitochondrial Autophagy In Ischemic Aged Livers, Jae-Sung Kim, William C Chapman, Yiing Lin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is a central catabolic event for mitochondrial quality control. Defective or insufficient mitophagy, thus, can result in mitochondrial dysfunction, and ultimately cell death. There is a strong causal relationship between ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and mitochondrial dysfunction following liver resection and transplantation. Compared to young patients, elderly patients poorly tolerate I/R injury. Accumulation of abnormal mitochondria after I/R is more prominent in aged livers than in young counterparts. This review highlights how altered autophagy is mechanistically involved in age-dependent hypersensitivity to reperfusion injury.

De Novo Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease After Pancreatectomy: A Systematic Review, Parth Shah, Vanisha Patel, Motaz Ashkar

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: As operative techniques and mortality rates of pancreatectomy have improved, there has been a shift in focus to maintaining and improving the nutritional status of these patients as we continue to learn more about post-operative complications. Although pancreatic endocrine and exocrine insufficiencies are known complications of pancreatectomy, increased longevity of these patients has also led to a higher incidence of

AIM: To identify and summarize patterns and risk factors of post-pancreatectomy

METHODS: We performed a database search on PubMed selecting papers published between 2001 and 2022 in the English language. PubMed was last accessed 1 June 2022.

RESULTS: Various …

Human Nk Cells Confer Protection Against Hiv-1 Infection In Humanized Mice, Can M. Sungur, Qiankun Wang, Ayşe N. Ozantürk, Hongbo Gao, Aaron J. Schmitz, Marina Cella, Wayne M. Yokoyama, Liang Shan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The role of NK cells against HIV-1 infections remains to be elucidated in vivo. While humanized mouse models potentially could be used to directly evaluate human NK cell responses during HIV-1 infection, improved functional development of human NK cells in these hosts is needed. Here, we report the humanized MISTRG-6-15 mouse model, in which NK cells were quick to expand and exhibit degranulation, cytotoxicity, and proinflammatory cytokine production in nonlymphoid organs upon HIV-1 infection but had reduced functionality in lymphoid organs. Although HIV-1 infection induced functional impairment of NK cells, antiretroviral therapy reinvigorated NK cells in response to HIV-1 rebound …

Mitochondria Clumping Vs. Mitochondria Fusion In Cmt2a Diseases, Antonietta Franco, Caroline E Walton, Xiawei Dang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Phenotypic variations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A) result from the many mutations in the mitochondrial fusion protein, mitofusin 2 (MFN2). While the GTPase domain mutations of MFN2 lack the ability to hydrolyze GTP and complete mitochondrial fusion, the mechanism of dysfunction in HR1 domain mutations has yet to be explored. Using

Advice From One Patient To Another: Qualitative Analysis Of Patients' Perspectives About Chemotherapy Initiation, Catalina Malinowski, Edna Paredes, Ashley J Housten, Mariana Chavez-Macgregor

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Although the association between delays in (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy initiation and adverse outcomes is well-documented, patient perspective regarding the lived experience among those with breast cancer delay is sparse. Project Start was a qualitative study designed to assess and identify the multilevel factors contributing to the barriers and facilitators of initiating chemotherapy. This report explores specific responses where patients with breast cancer provide insight and advice for newly diagnosed women on preparing for chemotherapy initiation and informs potential interventions to facilitate timely chemotherapy initiation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer who experienced a ≥60-day delay in …

Social Attention During Object Engagement: Toward A Cross-Species Measure Of Preferential Social Orienting, Claire Weichselbaum, Nicole Hendrix, Jordan Albright, Joseph D Dougherty, Kelly N Botteron, John N Constantino, Natasha Marrus

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: A central challenge in preclinical research investigating the biology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the translation of ASD-related social phenotypes across humans and animal models. Social orienting, an observable, evolutionarily conserved behavior, represents a promising cross-species ASD phenotype given that disrupted social orienting is an early-emerging ASD feature with evidence for predicting familial recurrence. Here, we adapt a competing-stimulus social orienting task from domesticated dogs to naturalistic play behavior in human toddlers and test whether this approach indexes decreased social orienting in ASD.

METHODS: Play behavior was coded from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) in two samples …

Condensates Formed By Prion-Like Low-Complexity Domains Have Small-World Network Structures And Interfaces Defined By Expanded Conformations, Mina Farag, Samuel R Cohen, Wade M Borcherds, Anne Bremer, Tanja Mittag, Rohit V Pappu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Biomolecular condensates form via coupled associative and segregative phase transitions of multivalent associative macromolecules. Phase separation coupled to percolation is one example of such transitions. Here, we characterize molecular and mesoscale structural descriptions of condensates formed by intrinsically disordered prion-like low complexity domains (PLCDs). These systems conform to sticker-and-spacers architectures. Stickers are cohesive motifs that drive associative interactions through reversible crosslinking and spacers affect the cooperativity of crosslinking and overall macromolecular solubility. Our computations reproduce experimentally measured sequence-specific phase behaviors of PLCDs. Within simulated condensates, networks of reversible inter-sticker crosslinks organize PLCDs into small-world topologies. The overall dimensions of PLCDs …

Tissue Registration And Exploration User Interfaces In Support Of A Human Reference Atlas, Katy Börner, Andreas Bueckle, Bruce W Herr 2nd, Leonard E Cross, Ellen M Quardokus, Elizabeth G Record, Yingnan Ju, Jonathan C Silverstein, Kristen M Browne, Sanjay Jain, Clive H Wasserfall, Marda L Jorgensen, Jeffrey M Spraggins, N Heath Patterson, Griffin M Weber

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Seventeen international consortia are collaborating on a human reference atlas (HRA), a comprehensive, high-resolution, three-dimensional atlas of all the cells in the healthy human body. Laboratories around the world are collecting tissue specimens from donors varying in sex, age, ethnicity, and body mass index. However, harmonizing tissue data across 25 organs and more than 15 bulk and spatial single-cell assay types poses challenges. Here, we present software tools and user interfaces developed to spatially and semantically annotate ("register") and explore the tissue data and the evolving HRA. A key part of these tools is a common coordinate framework, providing standard …