Digital Commons Network^™

Supplementary Feeding And Infection Control In Pregnant Adolescents-A Secondary Analysis Of A Randomized Trial Among Malnourished Women In Sierra Leone, Aminata S Koroma, Mariama Ellie, Kadiatu Bangura, Per O Iversen, David T Hendrixson, Kevin Stephenson, Mark J Manary

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Undernutrition during pregnancy in adolescence confers a high risk of maternal morbidity and adverse birth outcomes, particularly in low-resource settings. In a secondary analysis, we hypothesized that younger undernourished pregnant adolescents (<18 years) would benefit more than undernourished pregnant adults (>20 years) from the intervention of supplementary food and anti-infective treatments. The original trial in Sierra Leone enrolled 236 younger adolescents (<18 years), 454 older adolescents (aged 18-19 years), and 741 adults (≥20 years), all with a mid-upper arm circumference ≤23 cm. Younger adolescents had lower final fundal height as well as smaller newborns (-0.3 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.3, -0.2; p < 0.001) and shorter newborns (-1.1 cm; 95% CI, -1.5, -0.7; p < 0.001) than adults. The intervention's effect varied significantly between maternal age groups: adults benefited more than younger adolescents with respect to newborn birth weight (difference in difference, 166 g; 95% CI, 26, 306; interaction p = 0.02), birth length (difference in difference, 7.4 mm; 95% CI, 0.1, 14.8; interaction p = 0.047), and risk for low birth weight (<2.5 kg) (interaction p = 0.019). The differences in response persisted despite adjustments for maternal anthropometry, the number of prior pregnancies, and human immunodeficiency virus status. Older adolescents similarly benefited more than younger adolescents, though differences did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, newborns born to younger adolescent mothers had worse outcomes than those born to adult mothers, and adults and their newborns benefited more from the intervention than younger adolescents.

Designing Home-Based Physical Activity Programs For Rural Cancer Survivors: A Survey Of Technology Access And Preferences, Elizabeth A Salerno, Rohana Gao, Jason Fanning, Neha P Gothe, Lindsay L Peterson, Allison B Anbari, Maura M Kepper, Jingqin Luo, Aimee S James, Edward Mcauley, Graham A Colditz

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: While technology advances have increased the popularity of remote interventions in underserved and rural cancer communities, less is understood about technology access and preferences for home-based physical activity programs in this cancer survivor population.

PURPOSE: To determine access, preferences, and needs, for a home-based physical activity program in rural cancer survivors.

METHODS: A Qualtrics Research Panel was recruited to survey adults with cancer across the United States. Participants self-reported demographics, cancer characteristics, technology access and usage, and preferences for a home-based physical activity program. The Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) assessed current levels of physical activity. Descriptive statistics …

Updates In The Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder Show The Role Of Osteocytic Proteins, A Potential Mechanism Of The Bone-Vascular Paradox, A Therapeutic Target, And A Biomarker, Matthew J Williams, Sarah C White, Zachary Joseph, Keith A Hruska

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a complex multi-component syndrome occurring during kidney disease and its progression. Here, we update progress in the components of the syndrome, and synthesize recent investigations, which suggest a potential mechanism of the bone-vascular paradox. The discovery that calcified arteries in chronic kidney disease inhibit bone remodeling lead to the identification of factors produced by the vasculature that inhibit the skeleton, thus providing a potential explanation for the bone-vascular paradox. Among the factors produced by calcifying arteries, sclerostin secretion is especially enlightening. Sclerostin is a potent inhibitor of bone remodeling and an osteocyte …

Slc-0111, An Inhibitor Of Carbonic Anhydrase Ix, Attenuates Hepatoblastoma Cell Viability And Migration, Katja Eloranta, Marjut Pihlajoki, Emmi Liljeström, Ruth Nousiainen, Tea Soini, Jouko Lohi, Stefano Cairo, David B Wilson, Seppo Parkkila, Markku Heikinheimo

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: In response to hypoxia, tumor cells undergo transcriptional reprogramming including upregulation of carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX, a metalloenzyme that maintains acid-base balance. CAIX overexpression has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis in various cancers, but the role of this CA isoform in hepatoblastoma (HB) has not been examined.

METHODS: We surveyed the expression of CAIX in HB specimens and assessed the impact of SLC-0111, a CAIX inhibitor, on cultured HB cells in normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

RESULTS: CAIX immunoreactivity was detected in 15 out of 21 archival pathology HB specimens. The CAIX-positive cells clustered in the middle of …

The Vacc-Seqqc Project: Benchmarking Rna-Seq For Clinical Vaccine Studies, Johannes B Goll, Richard D Head, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093242.].

Objective Response To Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy In Nras-Mutant Melanoma: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Zachary J Jaeger, Neel S Raval, Natalia K A Maverakis, David Y Chen, George Ansstas, Angela Hardi, Lynn A Cornelius

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION:

METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search across several large databases. Inclusion criteria were trials, cohorts, and large case series that analyzed the primary outcome of objective response rate by

RESULTS: Data on 1770 patients from ten articles were pooled for meta-analysis, and the objective response rate to ICIs was calculated to compare

DISCUSSION: In this meta-analysis evaluating the impact of

Psychosocial Work Environment Stressors For School Staff During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Barriers And Facilitators For Supporting Wellbeing, Liz R Rolf, Liz Vestal, Ashley C Moore, Nikole Lobb Dougherty, Nancy Mueller, Jason G Newland

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: After periods of remote and/or hybrid learning as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic, the return to in-person learning has been beneficial for both students and teachers, but it has not been without challenges. This study was designed to assess the impact of the return to in-person learning on the school experience, and efforts made to ease the transition in furthering a positive in-person learning environment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a series of listening sessions with 4 stakeholder groups: students (

RESULTS: Three main themes emerged around school staff experiences: (1) increased levels of stress and anxiety …

Review Of Factors Resulting In Systemic Biases In The Screening, Assessment, And Treatment Of Individuals At Clinical High-Risk For Psychosis In The United States, Miranda A Bridgwater, Emily Petti, Maksim Giljen, Leeann Akouri-Shan, Joseph S Deluca, Pamela Rakhshan Rouhakhtar, Caroline Millar, Nicole R Karcher, Elizabeth A Martin, Jordan Devylder, Deidre Anglin, Raquel Williams, Lauren M Ellman, Vijay A Mittal, Jason Schiffman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Since its inception, research in the clinical high-risk (CHR) phase of psychosis has included identifying and exploring the impact of relevant socio-demographic factors. Employing a narrative review approach and highlighting work from the United States, sociocultural and contextual factors potentially affecting the screening, assessment, and service utilization of youth at CHR were reviewed from the current literature.

RESULTS: Existing literature suggests that contextual factors impact the predictive performance of widely used psychosis-risk screening tools and may introduce systemic bias and challenges to differential diagnosis in clinical assessment. Factors reviewed include racialized identity, discrimination, neighborhood context, trauma, immigration status, gender …

Apolipoprotein E Genetic Variation, Atherogenic Index And Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment In An African Population: An Analysis Of Hiv And Malaria Patients In Ghana, Nicholas Ekow Thomford, Akwasi Anyanful, Richmond Owusu Ateko, Dee Blackhurst, Robert Peter Biney, Dennis Boadi, Samuel Badu Nyarko, Martins Ekor, George Boateng Kyei

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein E is involved in lipid transport and clearance of lipoprotein through low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). ApoE variation has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. There are 3 isoforms of ApoE which originate from two non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms denoted as ε2, ε3 and ε4. The ε2 isoform is implicated in higher levels of atherogenic lipoprotein with the ε4 isoform causing LDLR downregulation. This leads to variable effects and differential CVD risk. Malaria and HIV are life-threatening diseases affecting several countries globally especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Parasite and viral activities have been implicated in lipid dysregulation leading to …

Adapting An Intervention To Support Young Caregivers Of Cancer Survivors: A Study Protocol, Janet Njelesani, Melinda S. Kavanaugh, Jean Hunleth

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Of the family members providing care, in the United States over 5.4 million are young people (<18 years of age) and they are the caregivers receiving the least support overall. Given the need to support cancer survivors through a family-centered practice approach, this lack of support and intervention for young caregivers represents a substantial gap in cancer care. In this study, we will adapt a young caregivers intervention, YCare, with young caregivers in families affected by cancer in order to advance support for families in cancer settings. YCare is an intervention that improves the support young caregivers provide through a peer-engaged, multidisciplinary model but has previously not been studied in the cancer care setting.

METHODS: Guided by the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) we will engage stakeholders (i.e., young caregivers, cancer survivors, health care providers) using qualitative (i.e., one-on-one semi-structured interviews) and arts-based methods. Stakeholders will be recruited via cancer registries and community partners. Data will be analyzed descriptively using deductive (e.g., CFIR domains) and inductive (e.g., cancer practice settings) approaches.

DISCUSSION: The results will indicate the critical components for adapting the YCare intervention to the cancer practice context including new intervention elements and …

A Systematic Framework For Predictive Biomarkers In Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome, Omar H Butt, Alice Y Zhou, Beau M Ances, John F Dipersio, Armin Ghobadi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has revolutionized the management of several life-threatening malignancies, often achieving durable sustained responses. The number of patients treated with this new class of cell-based therapy, along with the number of Food and Drug Association (FDA) approved indications, are growing significantly. Unfortunately Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS) can often occur after treatment with CAR-T cells, and severe ICANS can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Current standard treatments are mainly steroids and supportive care, highlighting the need for early identification. In the last several years, a range of predictive biomarkers have been proposed …

Abundance Of Acvr1b Transcript Is Elevated During Septic Conditions: Perspectives Obtained From A Hands-On Reductionist Investigation, Anucha Preechanukul, Thatcha Yimthin, Sarunporn Tandhavanant, Tobias Brummaier, Chalita Chomkatekaew, Sukanta Das, Basirudeen Syed Ahamed Kabeer, Mohammed Toufiq, Darawan Rinchai, T Eoin West, Damien Chaussabel, Narisara Chantratita, Mathieu Garand

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Sepsis is a complex heterogeneous condition, and the current lack of effective risk and outcome predictors hinders the improvement of its management. Using a reductionist approach leveraging publicly available transcriptomic data, we describe a knowledge gap for the role of ACVR1B (activin A receptor type 1B) in sepsis. ACVR1B, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, was selected based on the following: 1) induction upon

Efficacy Of Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy For Biopsy-Proven Radiation Necrosis In Radiographically Recurrent Brain Metastases, Michael Chan, Albert H Kim, Eric Leuthardt, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) in the setting of post-SRS radiation necrosis (RN) for patients with brain metastases has growing evidence for efficacy. However, questions remain regarding hospitalization, local control, symptom control, and concurrent use of therapies.

METHODS: Demographics, intraprocedural data, safety, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and survival data were prospectively collected and then analyzed on patients who consented between 2016-2020 and who were undergoing LITT for biopsy-proven RN at one of 14 US centers. Data were monitored for accuracy. Statistical analysis included individual variable summaries, multivariable Fine and Gray analysis, and Kaplan-Meier estimated survival.

RESULTS: Ninety patients met …

Health Utilities And Quality-Adjusted Life Years For Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Receiving Reldesemtiv Or Placebo In Fortitude-Als, Paulos Gebrehiwet, Lisa Meng, Stacy A Rudnicki, Phil Sarocco, Jenny Wei, Andrew A Wolff, Michael Butzner, Adriano Chiò, Jinsy A Andrews, Angela Genge, Dyfrig A Hughes, Carlayne E Jackson, Noah Lechtzin, Timothy M Miller, Jeremy M Shefner

2020-Current year OA Pubs

AIMS: To estimate the health utilities and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) receiving

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a post hoc analysis of clinical trial data from FORTITUDE-ALS (NCT03160898). This Phase IIb, double-blind, randomized, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, 12-week trial evaluated

RESULTS: The full analysis set consisted of 456 patients (

CONCLUSIONS: This post hoc analysis of FORTITUDE-ALS suggests that

CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03160898.

Plug Inguinal Hernia Repair Mimicking Nodal Spread Of Prostate Cancer On Psma-Pet/Ct, Genevieve C. Muñoz, Tyler J. Fraum

2020-Current year OA Pubs

A variety of non-prostatic or non-malignant findings exhibiting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) tracer uptake and resemble metastatic disease on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In this case, a 72-year-old man presenting for initial staging of prostate cancer was found to have PSMA tracer uptake along the left external iliac vessels corresponding to a structure resembling a lymph node on computed tomography (CT). This finding was initially concerning for nodal spread of the patient's primary neoplasm. However, chart review revealed a remote history of left inguinal hernia plug repair with location corresponding to the area of PSMA activity. This case …

Functional Divergence Of The Sarcomeric Myosin, Myh7b, Supports Species-Specific Biological Roles, Lindsey A. Lee, Samantha K. Barrick, Artur Meller, Jonathan Walklate, Jeffrey M. Lotthammer, Jian Wei Tay, W. Tom Stump, Gregory Bowman, Michael A. Geeves, Michael J. Greenberg, Leslie A Leinwand

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Myosin heavy chain 7b (MYH7b) is an evolutionarily ancient member of the sarcomeric myosin family, which typically supports striated muscle function. However, in mammals, alternative splicing prevents MYH7b protein production in cardiac and most skeletal muscles and limits expression to a subset of specialized muscles and certain nonmuscle environments. In contrast, MYH7b protein is abundant in python cardiac and skeletal muscles. Although the MYH7b expression pattern diverges in mammals versus reptiles, MYH7b shares high sequence identity across species. So, it remains unclear how mammalian MYH7b function may differ from that of other sarcomeric myosins and whether human and python MYH7b …

Aberrant T-Cell Exhaustion In Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Survivors With Poor T-Cell Reconstitution After Transplantation, Roxane Labrosse, Shalini Shenoy, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) comprises rare inherited disorders of immunity that require definitive treatment through hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or gene therapy for survival. Despite successes of allogeneic HCT, many SCID patients experience incomplete immune reconstitution, persistent T-cell lymphopenia, and poor long-term outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that CD4

METHODS: We analyzed markers of exhaustion in blood samples from 61 SCID patients at a median of 10.4 years after HCT.

RESULTS: Compared to post-HCT SCID patients with normal CD4

CONCLUSIONS: Recipients of unconditioned HCT for SCID may develop late post-HCT T-cell exhaustion as a result of diminished production of T-lineage …

The History And Organization Of The Workshop On Population And Speciation Genomics, Julia M I Barth, Scott A Handley, Daniel Kintzl, Guy Leonard, Milan Malinsky, Michael Matschiner, Britta S Meyer, Walter Salzburger, Jan Stefka, Emiliano Trucchi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

With the advent of high-throughput genome sequencing, bioinformatics training has become essential for research in evolutionary biology and related fields. However, individual research groups are often not in the position to teach students about the most up-to-date methodology in the field. To fill this gap, extended bioinformatics courses have been developed by various institutions and provide intense training over the course of two or more weeks. Here, we describe our experience with the organization of a course in one of the longest-running extended bioinformatics series of workshops, the Evomics Workshop on Population and Speciation Genomics that takes place biennially in …

Prevalence Of Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli And Impact On Child Health In Cap-Haitien, Haiti, Jenna N. Diaz, Lora L. Iannotti, Sherlie Jean Louis Dulience, Sydney Vie, Xuntian Jiang, Vadim Grigura, Jacques Boncy, Francesca J. Marhone Pierre, F. Matthew Kuhlmann

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are common pathogens infecting children during their growth and development. Determining the epidemiology and the impact of DEC on child anthropometric measures informs prioritization of prevention efforts. These relationships were evaluated in a novel setting, Cap-Haitien, Haiti.

METHODS: We performed pre-specified secondary analysis of a case-control study of community-dwelling children, 6-36 months of age, enrolled 96 cases with diarrhea and 99 asymptomatic controls. Assessments were performed at enrollment and one month later at follow-up. Established endpoint PCR methodologies targeted DEC gDNA isolated from fecal swabs. The association between DEC and anthropometric z-scores at enrollment was …

Amplitudes Of Resting-State Functional Networks - Investigation Into Their Correlates And Biophysical Properties, Soojin Lee, Janine D Bijsterbosch, Fidel Alfaro Almagro, Lloyd Elliott, Paul Mccarthy, Bernd Taschler, Roser Sala-Llonch, Christian F Beckmann, Eugene P Duff, Stephen M Smith, Gwenaëlle Douaud

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Resting-state fMRI studies have shown that multiple functional networks, which consist of distributed brain regions that share synchronised spontaneous activity, co-exist in the brain. As these resting-state networks (RSNs) have been thought to reflect the brain's intrinsic functional organization, intersubject variability in the networks' spontaneous fluctuations may be associated with individuals' clinical, physiological, cognitive, and genetic traits. Here, we investigated resting-state fMRI data along with extensive clinical, lifestyle, and genetic data collected from 37,842 UK Biobank participants, with the object of elucidating intersubject variability in the fluctuation amplitudes of RSNs. Functional properties of the RSN amplitudes were first examined by …

Isolated, Full-Thickness Proximal Rectus Femoris Injury In Competitive Athletes: A Systematic Review Of Injury Characteristics And Return To Play, Derrick M Knapik, Thomas D Alter, Aravinda Ganapathy, Matthew V Smith, Robert H Brophy, Matthew J Matava

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Characteristics regarding mechanism of injury, management, and return-to-play (RTP) rate and timing are important when treating and counseling athletes with rectus femoris tears.

PURPOSE: To systematically review the literature to better understand the prevalence, sporting activity, injury mechanisms, and treatment of patients with rectus femoris injury and to provide prognostic information regarding the rate and timing of RTP.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

METHODS: Following the 2020 PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, we queried PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, OVID, EMBASE, and Google Scholar in March 2022 for studies reporting on athletes sustaining isolated, …

Mitochondrial Reactivity Following Acute Exposure To Experimental Pain Testing In People With Hiv And Chronic Pain, Shannon R Gilstrap, Joanna M Hobson, Michael A Owens, Dyan M White, Melissa J Sammy, Scott Ballinger, Robert E Sorge, Burel R Goodin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Unicorn, Hare, Or Tortoise? Using Machine Learning To Predict Working Memory Training Performance, Yi Feng, Anja Pahor, Aaron R Seitz, Dennis L Barbour, Susanne M Jaeggi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

People differ considerably in the extent to which they benefit from working memory (WM) training. Although there is increasing research focusing on individual differences associated with WM training outcomes, we still lack an understanding of which specific individual differences, and in what combination, contribute to inter-individual variations in training trajectories. In the current study, 568 undergraduates completed one of several N-back intervention variants over the course of two weeks. Participants' training trajectories were clustered into three distinct training patterns (high performers, intermediate performers, and low performers). We applied machine-learning algorithms to train a binary tree model to predict individuals' training …

Characterization Of Combined Endoscopies And Aerodigestive Care: An Analysis Of Utilization And Financial Feasibility, Jennifer Brinkmeier, Noor Al-Hammadi, Sumana Shashidhar, Leslie Hinyard, Dhiren Patel

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Aerodigestive care is one model of multi-disciplinary care, which is a valuable tool for both providers and patients. Aerodigestive care models are associated with improved outcomes, reduced anesthesia exposure, reduction in hospital admissions, and fewer days of missed work or school. This is the first study to explore national usage and cost trends in combined endoscopy utilization to identify gaps in care and the potential for financial resource optimization.

METHODS: Data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kid's Inpatient Sample (KID) was used from 2016 and 2019. Diagnoses and procedures were identified using ICD-10 codes, for patients …

Genetic Variation In Environmental Enteropathy And Stunting In Zambian Children: A Pilot Genome Wide Association Study Using The H3africa Chip, Monica N. Mweetwa, Talin Haritunians, Shishir Dube, Kanta Chandwe, Beatrice Amadi, Kanekwa Zyambo, Ta-Chiang Liu, Dermot Mcgovern, Paul Kelly

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Stunting is known to be heavily influenced by environmental factors, so the genetic contribution has received little attention. Here we report an exploration of genetic influences in stunted Zambian children with environmental enteropathy.

METHOD: Children with stunting (LAZ < -2) were enrolled and given nutritional therapy. Those that were non-responsive to therapy were designated as cases, and children with good growth (LAZ > -1) from the same community as controls. Blood and stool samples were taken to measure biomarkers of intestinal inflammation, epithelial damage, and microbial translocation. Single nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping was carried out on saliva samples using the H3Africa consortium array.

RESULTS: Genome wide associations were analysed in 117 cases and 41 controls. While no significant associations with stunting were observed at …

Preliminary Validation Of A Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Metric For Tracking Dementia-Related Neurodegeneration And Future Decline, Gavin T Kress, Emily S Popa, Paul M Thompson, Susan Y Bookheimer, Sophia I Thomopoulos, Christopher R K Ching, Hong Zheng, Daniel A Hirsh, David A Merrill, Stella E Panos, Cyrus A Raji, Prabha Siddarth, Jennifer E Bramen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline and atrophy in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and subsequent brain regions. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) has been widely used in research and clinical care for diagnosis and monitoring AD progression. However, atrophy patterns are complex and vary by patient. To address this issue, researchers have made efforts to develop more concise metrics that can summarize AD-specific atrophy. Many of these methods can be difficult to interpret clinically, hampering adoption. In this study, we introduce a novel index which we call an "AD-NeuroScore," that uses a modified …

Prospective In Silico Evaluation Of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Guided Stereotactic Adaptive Radiation Therapy (Ct-Star) For The Ablative Treatment Of Ultracentral Thoracic Disease, Joshua P Schiff, Eric Laugeman, Hayley B Stowe, Xiaodong Zhao, Jessica Hilliard, Ellie Hawk, Jesiah Watkins, Casey Hatscher, Shahed N Badiyan, Pamela P Samson, Geoffrey D Hugo, Clifford G Robinson, Alex T Price, Lauren E Henke

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: We conducted a prospective, in silico study to evaluate the feasibility of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided stereotactic adaptive radiation therapy (CT-STAR) for the treatment of ultracentral thoracic cancers (NCT04008537). We hypothesized that CT-STAR would reduce dose to organs at risk (OARs) compared with nonadaptive stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) while maintaining adequate tumor coverage.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients who were already receiving radiation therapy for ultracentral thoracic malignancies underwent 5 additional daily CBCTs on the ETHOS system as part of a prospective imaging study. These were used to simulate CT-STAR, in silico

RESULTS: Seven patients were accrued, 6 with …

Phantom-Based Quality Assurance Of A Clinical Dose Accumulation Technique Used In An Online Adaptive Radiation Therapy Platform, Borna Maraghechi, Thomas Mazur, Dao Lam, Alex Price, Lauren Henke, Hyun Kim, Geoffrey D Hugo, Bin Cai

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a routine quality assurance method for a dose accumulation technique provided by a radiation therapy platform for online treatment adaptation.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two commonly used phantoms were selected for the dose accumulation QA: Electron density and anthropomorphic pelvis. On a computed tomography (CT) scan of the electron density phantom, 1 target (gross tumor volume [GTV]; insert at 6 o'clock), a subvolume within this target, and 7 organs at risk (OARs; other inserts) were contoured in the treatment planning system (TPS). Two adaptation sessions were performed in which the GTV was recontoured, first at …

Elevated Liver Glycogenolysis Mediates Higher Blood Glucose During Acute Exercise In Barth Syndrome, George G. Schweitzer, Grace L. Ditzenberger, Curtis C. Hughey, Brian N. Finck, Michael R. Martino, Christina A. Pacak, Barry J. Byrne, William Todd Cade

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED: Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder due to mutations in the Tafazzin (TAFAZZIN) gene that lead to cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Previous studies in humans with BTHS demonstrate that the defects in muscle mitochondrial oxidative metabolism result in an enhanced reliance on anaerobic metabolism during exercise to meet energy demands of muscular work. During exercise, the liver normally increases glucose production via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to match the elevated rate of muscle glucose uptake and meet the ATP requirements of working muscle. However, the impact of Tafazzin deficiency on hepatic glucose production and the …

Genetics Of Vegetarianism: A Genome-Wide Association Study, Nabeel R. Yaseen, Catriona L. K. Barnes, Lingwei Sun, Akiko Takeda, John P. Rice

2020-Current year OA Pubs

A substantial body of evidence points to the heritability of dietary preferences. While vegetarianism has been practiced for millennia in various societies, its practitioners remain a small minority of people worldwide, and the role of genetics in choosing a vegetarian diet is not well understood. Dietary choices involve an interplay between the physiologic effects of dietary items, their metabolism, and taste perception, all of which are strongly influenced by genetics. In this study, we used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify loci associated with strict vegetarianism in UK Biobank participants. Comparing 5,324 strict vegetarians to 329,455 controls, we identified …