Digital Commons Network^™

The Benefit Of Collective Reputation, Zvika Neeman, Aniko Öry (Oery), Jungju Yu

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We study a model of collective reputation and use it to analyze the benefit of collective brands. Consumers form beliefs about the quality of an experience good that is produced by one firm that is part of a collective brand. Consumers’ limited ability to distinguish among firms in the collective and to monitor firms’ investment decisions creates incentives to free-ride on other firms’ investment efforts. Nevertheless, we show that collective brands induce stronger incentives to invest in quality than individual brands under two types of circumstances: if the main concern is with quality control and the baseline reputation of the …

Consequences Of The Clean Water Act And The Demand For Water Quality, David A. Keiser, Joseph S. Shapiro

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Since the 1972 U.S. Clean Water Act, government and industry have invested over $1 trillion to abate water pollution, or $100 per person-year. Over half of U.S. stream and river miles, however, still violate pollution standards. We use the most comprehensive set of files ever compiled on water pollution and its determinants, including 50 million pollution readings from 240,000 monitoring sites and a network model of all U.S. rivers, to study water pollution’s trends, causes, and welfare consequences. We have three main findings. First, water pollution concentrations have fallen substantially. Between 1972 and 2001, for example, the share of waters …

Weak Σ- Convergence: Theory And Applications, Jianning Kong, Peter C.B. Phillips, Donggyu Sul

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The concept of relative convergence, which requires the ratio of two time series to converge to unity in the long run, explains convergent behavior when series share commonly divergent stochastic or deterministic trend components. Relative convergence of this type does not necessarily hold when series share common time decay patterns measured by evaporating rather than divergent trend behavior. To capture convergent behavior in panel data that do not involve stochastic or divergent deterministic trends, we introduce the notion of weak σ-convergence, whereby cross section variation in the panel decreases over time. The paper formalizes this concept and proposes a simple-to-implement …

Burdens Beget Burden: Examining The Physiological Links Between Psychological Stress And Cardiovascular Disease, Tsion Medreke Aberra

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Introduction

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder associated with both cardiovascular disease and mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. Multiple behavioral and physiological processes link depression, psoriasis and atherosclerosis, but inflammation is a major player implicated in the pathogenesis of all three. Psoriasis is associated with vascular inflammation, measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT), and an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Vascular inflammation by FDG PET/CT predicts cardiovascular risk and outcomes. Studies have also shown that patients with psoriasis are more likely to suffer from comorbid depression and anxiety. However, whether these comorbidities may accelerate the …

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas In Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Experience, Joyce Y. Cheng

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

CUTANEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE

Joyce Y Cheng, Fang-yong Li, Christine J Ko, Oscar R Colegio. Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) have an approximately 100-fold increased risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). These SCCs may behave more aggressively than SCCs developing in non-immunosuppressed individuals. The purpose of this study was to gather more data regarding aggressive behavior of SCCs in immunosuppressed SOTRs compared with SCCs occurring in an immunocompetent control group. An 8-year retrospective observational cohort study was conducted to compare …

Three Essays On The Theory Of Money And Financial Institutions Essay 3: The Economy With Innovation, Externalities And Context, Martin Shubik

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This essay is the third of three. The first is nontechnical and in part autobiograhpical describing the evolution of my approach to developing a microeconomic theory of money and.financial institutions. The second essay was devoted to a more formal sketch of a closed economic exchange system with no other externalities beyond money and markets. This essay builds on the existence of monetary exchange but also context, and active government with nonsymmetric information and many externaties indicate that the views of Keynes, Hayek and Schumpeter are all consistent with the next stages of complexity as the logic requires many different arrays …

The Benefit Of Collective Reputation, Zvika Neeman, Aniko Öry (Oery), Jungju Yu

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We study a model of reputation with two long-lived firms that sell their products under a collective brand or under two different individual brands. Firms face a moral hazard problem because their quality investments are not observed. Investments can only be sustained due to reputational concerns. In a collective brand, consumers cannot distinguish between the two firms. We show that in the long run, this makes it harder to establish a good reputation because of the incentives to free-ride on the other firm’s investments. But in the short run it mitigates the temptation to milk good reputation. Consequently, a collective …

Uniform Inference In Panel Autoregression, John C. Chao, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper considers estimation and inference concerning the autoregressive coefficient (ρ) in a panel autoregression for which the degree of persistence in the time dimension is unknown. The main objective is to construct confidence intervals for ρ that are asymptotically valid, having asymptotic coverage probability at least that of the nominal level uniformly over the parameter space. It is shown that a properly normalized statistic based on the Anderson-Hsiao IV procedure, which we call the M statistic, is uniformly convergent and can be inverted to obtain asymptotically valid interval estimates. In the unit root case confidence intervals based on this …

A Note On Optimal Inference In The Linear Iv Model, Donald W.K. Andrews, Vadim Marmer, Zhengfei Yu

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper considers tests and confidence sets (CS’s) concerning the coefficient on the endogenous variable in the linear IV regression model with homoskedastic normal errors and one right-hand side endogenous variable. The paper derives a finite-sample lower bound function for the probability that a CS constructed using a two-sided invariant similar test has infinite length and shows numerically that the conditional likelihood ratio (CLR) CS of Moreira (2003) is not always very close to this lower bound function. This implies that the CLR test is not always very close to the two-sided asymptotically-efficient (AE) power envelope for invariant similar tests …

Engineering A Retinal Progenitor Cell Graft For Transplantation Studies In The Rd10 Mouse Model, Maryam Ghiassi

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

In later stages of retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa stem cell therapy can be the only viable treatment option due to the loss of photoreceptor and RPE cells. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) towards the desired lineage explicitly requires a microenvironment that mimics the natural tissue that it is intended to regenerate. Developing a planar 3D retinal graft derived from ESCs can be transplanted to treat various retinal degeneration diseases. Our aim was to explore the differentiation and growth of ESCs on a gelatinous scaffold in order to transplant into a retinitis …

The Great Recession And New U.S. Automobile Employment Norms: Financial Rationale In The 'Employment Grey Zone', Donna Kesselman

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No abstract provided.

Belfius Annual Report For The Year 2016, Belfius

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Annual Report 2016, State Audit Office Of The Republic Of Latvia

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No abstract provided.

Annual Report 2016, Islandsbanki

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Annual Report 2016, Hong Kong Monetary Authority

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Cbsl Monetary Policy 2016, Central Bank Of Sri Lanka (Cbsl)

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Bhutan Rma Ar 2016-2017, Royal Monetary Authority Of Bhutan

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Annual Report 2016, Banca Monte Dei Paschi Di Siena

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Guidelines On Eligible Collateral, Bank Of Japan/Central Bank Of Japan

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No abstract provided.

Parental Factors Associated With The Request For Resuscitation For Infants Born At Periviability, Abiola Deborah Femi-Abodunde

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this study is to determine factors associated with parental request for aggressive resuscitation for infants born at borderline viability, the period between 22 0/7 and 24 6/7 weeks of gestation. Between 2013 and 2016, 81 women were admitted to Yale New Haven Hospital (YNHH) for a potential delivery in this critical period. Eighty-four percent of patients elected aggressive resuscitation for their newborn and 16% chose comfort care only. Using bivariate analysis to evaluate statistical significance, 5 of 19 possible variables were included in our logistic regression model. This model demonstrated higher likelihood of a request for resuscitation …

Exploring The Role Of Dopamine Circuits In Eating Behavior, Kara Elizabeth Furman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

In its simplest terms, obesity is a disease of exaggerated food intake. While current treatment of obesity focuses on changing behavior, few successful models of behavior modification have been developed. Even those treatments that are successful in the short-term, have failed to demonstrate lasting effect. The problem of over-eating, then, needs to be studied in terms of basic motivational programs that are encoded by the brain’s reward system. Understanding the way in which reward system activity directs eating behavior will allow more sophisticated and efficacious treatment options in the future. Several studies have focused on the nucleus accumbens (NAc) as …

Generic Drug Policy In The U.S. - Impact On Drug Prices And Shortages, Ravi Gupta

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Generic medicines offer a significantly cheaper alternative to brand-name drugs and have become an indispensable means of maintaining patient access and adherence to treatments. In recent years, as a result of monopolistic and oligopolistic conditions, generic drugs have begun to increase in price, sometimes exorbitantly. The competitiveness of drug markets with respect to the number of generic manufacturers and the implications for drug prices and shortages have not been systematically studied.

Two main analyses are presented in this study. First, using publicly available information, the timing of generic drug approvals and the total number of generic manufacturers for all small-molecule …

Clustering Of Suicide In Brazilian Indigenous Children And Youth: Implications For Interventions, Thomas Lazzarini

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

CLUSTERING OF SUICIDE IN BRAZILIAN INDIGENOUS CHILDREN AND YOUTH: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERVENTIONS.

Thomas Lazzarini, Crhistinne Gonçalves, Julio Croda, Albert Ko, Walter Benites, Liliane da Silva, Kristen McLean, Jason Andrews, Daniel Henrique Tsuha, and Robert Rohrbaugh. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to conduct a retrospective cohort study as well as a qualitative study to better understand the current context of suicide among the indigenous population living on the reservations surrounding Dourados, Brazil. Critical questions included: What are the most important suicide risk factors? Which communities have the highest …

Comparing The Efficacy Of Tranexamic Acid And Aminocaproic Acid In Posterior Spinal Fusion For Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Yunsoo Lee

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

COMPARING THE EFFICACY OF TRANEXAMIC ACID AND AMINOCAPROIC ACID IN POSTERIOR SPINAL FUSION FOR ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS. Yunsoo A. Lee and Brian G. Smith. Department of Orthopedics, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of tranexamic acid and aminocaproic acid in decreasing blood loss and blood transfusion requirements during posterior spinal fusion for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Background: Due to the extent of the operation, posterior spinal fusion is associated with significant blood loss often requiring blood transfusions that increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Antifibrinolytic medications, mainly tranexamic acid (TXA) …

Medical Versus Surgical Management Of Native Joint Septic Arthritis In Adults: A Retrospective Comparison Of Outcomes Within The Va Ct Medical System, Ian Mcconnell

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Objective: Septic arthritis is a medical emergency with significant associated morbidity and mortality that requires joint drainage in addition to antibiotic therapy. Closed-needle aspiration and surgery (via arthrotomy or arthroscopy) are the standard approaches to joint drainage, though little data exists regarding treatment outcomes with each approach. We compared long-term outcomes for adult patients with septic arthritis of a native joint based on whether they received a ‘medical’ or ‘surgical’ approach to joint drainage.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all chart records for patients diagnosed with septic arthritis at the West Haven VA Medical Center between January 2006 and December 2015. …

Ichthyosis: Assessing Severity And Genotype-Phenotype Correlations, Nareh Valerie Marukian

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The ichthyoses, also known as disorders of keratinization (DOK), encompass a group of genetic skin disorders linked by the common finding of abnormal barrier function, which initiates a default compensatory pathway of hyperproliferation, resulting in the characteristic clinical manifestation of localized or generalized scaling.

Ichthyoses are a highly heterogenous group of disorders, both genetically and clinically. Despite the identification of causative mutations in over 50 genes, clear genotype-phenotype correlations have been difficult to establish due to the rarity of the ichthyoses and because mutations in the same gene can have widely divergent phenotypes, even in individuals with the same disease-causing …

Insights On Fibrotic Diseases Using Single-Cell Analysis Methods, Azim Munivar

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is progressive, fatal lung disease with unclear mechanistic etiology and a dearth of treatment options. Transcriptional profiling has served a valuable tool in understanding the underlying perturbations in the lung tissues of patients and disease model systems, however whole tissue profiling obscures both the contribution of individual cells types in the diseased tissue as well as the contribution of non-fibrotic tissue surrounding the diseased tissue. The averaging effect confounds the ability to extract a strong disease signal and understand the cell-of-origin. Single-cell techniques have recently emerged that allow profiling of the transcriptomes of individual cells. In this …

Health Professional Students As Providers Of Behavioral Health Services To Uninsured Immigrants, Juan Gabriel Rodriguez Guzman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Using the principles of lay counseling, health professional students were trained to deliver psychosocial educational interventions and administer substance use screenings to uninsured monolingual Spanish-speaking Latino immigrants with symptomatic depression and/or substance use disorders. Changes in depressive symptoms were assessed with the PHQ-9. Twenty-five patients enrolled in the lay counselor program for depression. PHQ-9 data were available from the 15 individuals who completed the program, among whom the mean baseline score was 11.7 (SD = 6.2) and mean final score was 4.6 (SD = 4.2) (p

Commercial Banks' Liquid Assets Holdings, Bank Of Jamaica

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No abstract provided.

Base Money, Broad Money And The App, European Central Bank (Ecb)

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No abstract provided.