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Inflammatory Markers As Predictors In Primary Liver Cancers With Emphasis On Chronic Viral Hepatitis, Cortlandt Mercy Sellers

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Inflammatory Markers as Predictors in Primary Liver Cancers with Emphasis on Chronic Viral Hepatitis

Cortlandt M. Sellers and Hyun S. Kim. Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Inflammation and the immune system significantly impact the development, progression, and treatment response of primary liver cancers (PLC), namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). This retrospective study investigated the peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) as prognostic biomarkers in patients with PLC in the setting of advanced liver disease and …

Metabolic Inflexibility Revisited: Muscle Substrate Oxidation Is Dissociated From Muscle Insulin Resistance, Joongyu Daniel Song

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Alterations in basal metabolic substrate preference were proposed as early derangements in the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Here, we report that alterations in muscle substrate oxidation are not associated with muscle insulin resistance in rats or humans. In this study we used a novel stable isotope tracer ([U-13C]glucose) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/

MS) method to measure the ratio of mitochondrial glucose oxidation by pyruvate dehydrogenase flux (VPDH) relative to rates of citrate synthase flux (VCS) in skeletal muscle. We found that high fat diet (HFD) fed insulin resistant rats did not have altered substrate oxidation in soleus …

Iatrogenic Complications Of Diabetes Mellitus: An Examination Of Hospital-Acquired Diabetic Ketoacidosis And Severe Outpatient Hypoglycemia, Chloe Zimmerman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Patients with diabetes mellitus are at risk for two acute metabolic complications: severe hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. These acute complications are costly and associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but are preventable with delivery of high-quality care. The purpose of this work is to focus on a subset of these complications which are iatrogenic, i.e., caused by medical treatment. Hospital-acquired diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an iatrogenic complication as it occurs when a patient with known diabetes experiences DKA while hospitalized for other reasons. Hypoglycemia is an adverse effect of treatment and thus, by definition, all hypoglycemia resulting from the use of …

Evaluation Of Sociodemographic Factors And Presence Of Oil And Gas Waste Disposal Wells In Kansas, Katherine Rose Wolf

Public Health Theses

Background and objective: Kansas hosts the second-largest number of wells in the United States for the disposal of oil and gas waste (n = 13,396), which can contain chemicals toxic to human health. In this study we evaluate potential associations between oil and gas waste disposal well locations and sociodemographic characteristics in Kansas.

Methods: We obtained oil and gas production and disposal well data from the Kansas Geological Survey and sociodemographic data at the census block group level from the United States 2013–2017 American Community Survey. We used two-variable t-tests, logistic regression with and without thin plate spatial splines, and …

Medicine@Yale June/July 2019 Volume 15, Issue 2, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Effect Of Marital Status On Survival In Parathyroid Cancer Patients In The Usa – A Seer Database Study, Joseph Xavier Jeyanth Jenkins Fernandez

Public Health Theses

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the influence of marital status on the survival outcomes of patients diagnosed with parathyroid cancer.

MATERIALS and METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify patients diagnosed with parathyroid cancer between 1975 and 2016. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis, to evaluate the association between marital status and parathyroid cancer survival, controlling for potential confounders. Overall mortality and parathyroid cancer-specific mortality rates were calculated for 5-year and 10-year follow-up periods.

RESULTS: The final cohort from SEER consisted of 611 patients. 373 (61.05%) were married and 238 …

Interaction Between Green Chemistry, United Nation Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs) And Public Health, Hongwei Song

Public Health Theses

The topic of sustainability has never ever been popular like today when people realized its significance. Launch of the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals built the blue print in environment, wealth, education and public health with sustainability, and development of green chemistry in concept and principles formation, research and innovation provided technical support in realizing these goals, and simultaneously tackle issues in public health. Three objects interact organically and form an integrated system.

Feasibility Of Augmenting Brief Interventions With Text Messaging To Reduce Adolescent Alcohol And Marijuana Use: A Pilot Study., Jonathan Phillip Williams

Public Health Theses

Background - Alcohol and marijuana use in adolescents remains widespread, pervasive and recognized as a major public health concern.

This pilot study aimed to test the feasibility of a novel health intervention that adds a 4-week series of text messaging to the Brief

Negotiation Interview (BNI; a brief motivational technique) for 13-18-year-olds with high-risk alcohol or marijuana use in an emergency department or primary care setting.

Methods -13-18-year-old patients presenting to a Children's emergency department or a primary care clinic in the Northeast were screened with the CRAFFT substance use screener. Adolescents who scored 2+ on the CRAFFT were asked …

“Throwing Drops Of Water At A Wildfire”: Patient And Provider Strategies For Navigating Housing Instability And Type 2 Diabetes, Marlene Edelstein

Public Health Theses

Type 2 diabetes and housing access are growing independent and intersecting crises in the United States, and unstable housing is associated with poor health outcomes for people with type 2 diabetes. A growing body of evidence points to the challenges of adhering to diabetes management without access to stable housing, and that provider behavior is impacted when their patients face housing instability. In this qualitative study, we investigate the ways that primary care providers and people with type 2 diabetes strategically navigate the challenges posed by homelessness and unstable housing. Semi-structured interviews from two qualitative studies were analyzed. The first …

A Review On Antibiotic Stewardship In Pediatric Primary Care, Paulina Kaminski

Public Health Theses

Background. Misuse of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in pediatric primary care settings persists despite growing concern over antibiotic resistance. Interventions aimed at improving prescription use, coined Antibiotic Stewardship Programs (ASPs) often target clinicians for improved clinical decision-making. More recently, ASPs have begun educating patients to antibiotic needs, and for pediatric cases, parents who might pressure clinicians into prescribing unneeded antibiotics. While many reviews have targeted adult patients or emergency settings, few evaluate practices for pediatric populations. For this reason, we performed a review of the literature to summarize common strategies used to reduce antibiotic overprescribing for pediatric …

Old & Sexy: Investigating And Reducing Stigmatization Of Sexually-Active Older Persons, Samantha Nicole Levy

Public Health Theses

Media often portrays older persons as asexual or perversely sexual. This stigmatization may harm older persons’ sexual, mental, and physical health and well-being. As such, our study aimed to investigate the stigmatization of sexuality in later life and see if it can be reversed. Our four hypotheses included: (1) sexually-active older persons would be more stigmatized than sexually-inactive older persons; (2) negative age beliefs would predict stigmatization of sexually-active older adults; (3) participants would think more negatively about sexually-active older men compared to sexually-active older women; and (4) a brief writing intervention would help improve participants’ views towards sexually-active old …

The Impact Of Yiv-906 On Progression-Free Survival, Health-Related Quality Of Life And Metabolites Of Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, Jinqi Zhan

Public Health Theses

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and chemotherapy plays an important role in cancer treatment. However, serious adverse effects of chemotherapy could jeopardize the efficacy of the treatment as well as patients’ quality of life. In order to remit this problem, a well-characterized herbal medicine, YIV-906 (KD018/PHY906), was developed as a combination therapy with chemotherapy. It is based on a traditional Chinese herbal formulation (Huang-Qin-Tang) that treats diseases related to gastrointestinal disorders and was investigated in a two-arm clinical trial for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A previous analysis done by Sun et al. …

Evaluation Of A Patient Navigation Program For Vulnerable Families, Hillary Chisholm

Public Health Theses

Abstract

Objectives: Low-income and minority children experience worse health outcomes for reasons that are complex and multifactorial. The aims of this study were to examine the experiences of caregivers and providers who participated in a patient navigation program designed to address these disparities, and to understand how the program was impactful to participants.

Methods: As part of a larger pilot-stage intervention, we conducted a qualitative study using a modified Realist Evaluation approach. Between April and October 2018, we conducted semi-structured interviews of a group of caregivers who were enrolled in the intervention, and the providers who cared for these children. …

Learning Under Diverse World Views: Model-Based Inference, George J. Mailath, Larry Samuelson

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

People reason about uncertainty with deliberately incomplete models, including only the most relevant variables. How do people hampered by different, incomplete views of the world learn from each other? We introduce a model of “model-based inference.” Model-based reasoners partition an otherwise hopelessly complex state space into a manageable model. We nd that unless the differences in agents’ models are trivial, interactions will often not lead agents to have common beliefs, and indeed the correct-model belief will typically lie outside the convex hull of the agents’ beliefs. However, if the agents’ models have enough in common, then interacting will lead agents …

The Wisdom Of A Confused Crowd: Model-Based Inference, George J. Mailath, Larry Samuelson

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

“Crowds” are often regarded as “wiser” than individuals, and prediction markets are often regarded as effective methods for harnessing this wisdom. If the agents in prediction markets are Bayesians who share a common model and prior belief, then the no-trade theorem implies that we should see no trade in the market. But if the agents in the market are not Bayesians who share a common model and prior belief, then it is no longer obvious that the market outcome aggregates or conveys information. In this paper, we examine a stylized prediction market comprised of Bayesian agents whose inferences are based …

Misinterpreting Others And The Fragility Of Social Learning, Mira Frick, Ryota Iijima, Yuhta Ishii

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We study to what extent information aggregation in social learning environments is robust to slight misperceptions of others’ characteristics (e.g., tastes or risk attitudes). We consider a population of agents who obtain information about the state of the world both from initial private signals and by observing a random sample of other agents’ actions over time, where agents’ actions depend not only on their beliefs about the state but also on their idiosyncratic types. When agents are correct about the type distribution in the population, they learn the true state in the long run. By contrast, our first main result …

Eliminating Latent Discrimination: Train Then Mask, Soheil Ghili, Ehsan Kazemi, Amin Karbasi

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

How can we control for latent discrimination in predictive models? How can we provably remove it? Such questions are at the heart of algorithmic fairness and its impacts on society. In this paper, we define a new operational fairness criteria, inspired by the well-understood notion of omitted variable-bias in statistics and econometrics. Our notion of fairness effectively controls for sensitive features and provides diagnostics for deviations from fair decision making. We then establish analytical and algorithmic results about the existence of a fair classifier in the context of supervised learning. Our results readily imply a simple, but rather counter-intuitive, strategy …

Counterfactuals With Latent Information, Dirk Bergemann, Benjamin Brooks, Stephen Morris

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We describe a methodology for making counterfactual predictions in settings where the information held by strategic agents and the distribution of payoff-relevant states of the world are unknown. The analyst observes behavior assumed to be rationalized by a Bayesian model, in which agents maximize expected utility, given partial and differential information about the state. A counterfactual prediction is desired about behavior in another strategic setting, under the hypothesis that the distribution of the state and agents’ information about the state are held fixed. When the data and the desired counterfactual prediction pertain to environments with finitely many states, players, and …

Targeting The Inequality In Quality Improvement, Raquel Maria Davis

Public Health Theses

Objective. To use Casalino et al.’s (2007) proposed causal pathways of how pay-for-performance (P4P) can exacerbate racial/ethnic health care disparities as a framework for analyzing the literature and determine the adequacy of the evidence.

Data Sources/Study Setting. Existing literature (gray and peer-reviewed) on pay-for-performance and racial/ethnic health disparities identified from the Ovid Medline database.

Conceptual Framework. Casalino et al.’s four casual pathways include: “Pathway 1: Reduction in income for physicians in poor minority communities,” “Pathway 2: ‘Color-blind’ quality improvement programs,” “Pathway 3: ‘Teaching to the test’ might disproportionately affect minorities,” and “Pathway 4: Avoiding patients perceived as likely to lower …

Medically Applied Artificial Intelligence:From Bench To Bedside, Nicholas Chedid

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The intent of this thesis was to develop several medically applied artificial intel-ligence programs, which can be considered either clinical decision support tools or pro-grams which make the development of such tools more feasible. The first two projectsare more basic or "bench" in focus, while the final project is more translational. The firstprogram involves the creation of a residual neural network to automatically detect thepresence of pericardial effusions in point-of-care echocardiography and currently hasan accuracy of 71%. The second program involves the development of a sub-type ofgenerative adverserial network to create synthetic x-rays of fractures for several pur-poses including data …

Evaluating Fda Generic Approval After 2017 Agency Initiatives, Kuo Jiao

Public Health Theses

Importance: Generic drugs play an essential role in the US healthcare system, providing less costly alternatives to branded drugs that are equally effective and safe. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory policies influence the standards for generic drug approval. In 2017, the FDA instituted several initiatives to promote generic drug approval, particularly focused on those with limited competition.

Objective: To determine whether the initiatives begun by FDA in 2017 were associated with greater numbers of approvals of generic drugs with limited generic competition and histories of drug shortage.

Study Sample and Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study of …

Maternal Health & Rights In Uganda, Margaret Rice

Public Health Theses

This report will contribute to the global narrative about maternal health and rights by examining the current state in Uganda in regional (Sub-Saharan Africa) and global context. The report will focus on indicators of maternal health and rights in Uganda and the complex social, political, legal, and sociocultural factors that influence maternal health in a developing nation. This report will contribute to understanding of the current issues impacting maternal health, and will culminate with recommendations for appropriate policies and advised programmatic response to improve maternal health in Uganda, with implications for the Sub-Saharan African region and the world.

Understanding How Displacement Affects Hiv Prevalence Among Displaced Populations- A Scoping Review, Ryan Evan Yucha

Public Health Theses

Over the course of the past two decades, the number of people who have been displaced has increased dramatically. With this brings a new set of health challenges for these populations as well as the countries to which these populations are displaced such as HIV/AIDS. There is evidence to show that forced displacement can cause an increase in the HIV prevalence among those displaced. However, there is evidence to suggest the contrary, as well.

The aim of this scoping review study is to determine what the existing literature can and cannot tell us about how forced displacement affects HIV prevalence …

Currency, Credit And Crisis: Central Banking In Ireland And Europe, Patrick Honohan

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No abstract provided.

Annual Report 2018, Dexia

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No abstract provided.

Federal Home Loan Bank Of Des Moines: Regional Member Meeting, Federal Home Loan Bank Of Des Moines

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No abstract provided.

Annual Report 2018, Central Bank Of Russia

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Annual report discussing capital injections into Otkritie and other banks

Cbsl Annual Report 2018, Central Bank Of Sri Lanka (Cbsl)

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No abstract provided.

Annual Report 2018, Hong Kong Monetary Authority

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No abstract provided.

Annual Report 2018, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Mnb)

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No abstract provided.