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Not Weary Yet, William Allen Jul 2026

Not Weary Yet, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 12, item 16. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of the Port Royal Islands (including St. Helena) in present day Beaufort County, South Carolina. The transcription is credited to C. P. Ware.

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Hail Mary, William Allen Jul 2026

Hail Mary, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 45, item 59. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of members of the 1st South Carolina Colored Infantry Regiment as preserved by Col. T. W. Higginson. The transcription is credited to Capt. J. S. Rogers, the second version is credited to Mr. H. G. Spaulding.

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The Graveyard, William Allen Jul 2026

The Graveyard, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on pages 15-16, item 21. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of the Port Royal Islands (including St. Helena) in present day Beaufort County, South Carolina. The transcription is credited to C. P. Ware and William Francis Allen.

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When We Do Meet Again, William Allen Jul 2026

When We Do Meet Again, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 41, item 53. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of the Port Royal Islands (including St. Helena) in present day Beaufort County, South Carolina. The transcription is credited to William Francis Allen.

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Jehovah, Hallelujah, William Allen Jul 2026

Jehovah, Hallelujah, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 2, item 2. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of the Port Royal Islands (including St. Helena) in present day Beaufort County, South Carolina. The transcription is credited to C. P. Ware.

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Poor Rosy, William Allen Jul 2026

Poor Rosy, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 7, item 9. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of the Port Royal Islands (including St. Helena) in present day Beaufort County, South Carolina. The transcription is credited to C. P. Ware and Lucy McKim Garrison.

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Religion So Sweet, William Allen Jul 2026

Religion So Sweet, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 13, item 17. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of the Port Royal Islands (including St. Helena) in present day Beaufort County, South Carolina. The transcription is credited to C. P. Ware.

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Hold Out To The End, William Allen Jul 2026

Hold Out To The End, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 57, item 76. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of Augusta in present day Richmond County, Georgia. The transcription is credited to William Francis Allen.

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Hold Your Light, William Allen Jul 2026

Hold Your Light, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 10, item 12. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of the Port Royal Islands (including St. Helena) in present day Beaufort County, South Carolina. The transcription is credited to C. P. Ware.

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Build A House In Paradise, William Allen Jul 2026

Build A House In Paradise, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 29, item 40. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of the Port Royal Islands (including St. Helena) in present day Beaufort County, South Carolina. The transcription is credited to C. P. Ware and Lt.-Col. C. T. Trowbridge.

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The Sin-Sick Soul, William Allen Jul 2026

The Sin-Sick Soul, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 49, item 66. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of Savannah in modern day Chatham County, Georgia. The transcription is credited to Mr. Kane O’Donnel.

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Brother Moses Gone, William Allen Jul 2026

Brother Moses Gone, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 49, item 65. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of members of the 1st South Carolina Colored Infantry Regiment as preserved by Col. T. W. Higginson. The transcription is credited to Lt.-Col. C. T. Townbridge

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Some Valiant Soldier, William Allen Jul 2026

Some Valiant Soldier, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 50, item 67. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of the Port Royal Islands (including St. Helena) in present day Beaufort County, South Carolina. The transcription is credited to C. P. Ware.

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Every Hour In The Day, William Allen Jul 2026

Every Hour In The Day, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 58, item 78. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of Augusta in present day Richmond County, Georgia. The transcription is credited to William Francis Allen.

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Lay This Body Down, William Allen Jul 2026

Lay This Body Down, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 19, item 26. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of the Port Royal Islands (including St. Helena) in present day Beaufort County, South Carolina. The transcription is credited to C. P. Ware and Lt.-Col. C. T. Trowbridge.

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Roll, Jordan, Roll, William Allen Jul 2026

Roll, Jordan, Roll, William Allen

Gullah Geechee Spirituals Project

This spiritual was included in the 1867 edition of "Slave Songs of the United States" by Allen, Ware and McKim, on page 1, item 1. It was transcribed based on the oral tradition of the Port Royal Islands (including St. Helena) in present day Beaufort County, South Carolina. The transcription is credited to C. P. Ware and Lucy McKim Garrison.

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Unintended Consequences Of Public Procurement: Evidence From The Wic Program, Jose Miguel Abito, Kathleen Hui, Yuval Salant, Kosuke Uetake Jul 2026

Unintended Consequences Of Public Procurement: Evidence From The Wic Program, Jose Miguel Abito, Kathleen Hui, Yuval Salant, Kosuke Uetake

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides infant formula to low-income households through state-level exclusive supply contracts that cover roughly half of U.S. infants. Although these contracts directly govern purchases by WIC participants, they also affect households that receive no WIC benefits. We study these spillovers using household-level in-store and online transaction data matched to WIC contract changes across states from 2018 to 2025. When a manufacturer becomes the WIC supplier, its market share among non-WIC households rises by roughly 30 percentage points in the regular-size formula segment. The response is concentrated in physical stores, …

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Unpacking Architectural Drawing Literacy: A Critical Pedagogy Approach To Architecture Collections, Shima Hosseininasab, Virginia Ferris, Burak Erdim Jul 2026

Unpacking Architectural Drawing Literacy: A Critical Pedagogy Approach To Architecture Collections, Shima Hosseininasab, Virginia Ferris, Burak Erdim

Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies

This paper explores using architectural drawings as primary sources in instruction sessions at the North Carolina State University Libraries’ Special Collections Research Center (SCRC) with a critical pedagogy approach. Architectural collections are among the SCRC’s most frequently used materials, yet effective engagement with these unique resources requires specialized knowledge that is often lacking among teaching librarians and faculty, who excel in artifactual literacy and archival practices. The research addresses this gap by arguing that additional guidance in architectural history and technical details is necessary to improve teaching methods and enhance student interpretation of architectural drawings. Using a 200-level architecture class …

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Efficient Dynamic Mechanism Design Without A Common Prior, Dirk Bergemann, Marek Bojko Jul 2026

Efficient Dynamic Mechanism Design Without A Common Prior, Dirk Bergemann, Marek Bojko

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We study efficient dynamic mechanism design with independent private values when agents do not share a common prior over the stochastic environment. Each agent privately observes the stochastic kernel governing the evolution of her own type and may hold arbitrary beliefs about the kernels of others. We extend the agents’ type space to include the kernel itself and show that the dynamic team mechanism of Athey and Segal (2013) and the dynamic pivot mechanism of Bergemann and Välimäki (2010) implement the socially efficient allocation in periodic ex-post equilibrium. We further show that kernels can be elicited only once, at the …

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Fast Online Inference On Semiparametric Models, Xiaohong Chen, Elie Tamer, Qingsong Yao Jul 2026

Fast Online Inference On Semiparametric Models, Xiaohong Chen, Elie Tamer, Qingsong Yao

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper develops a framework for fast online inference on semiparametric models with large sample sizes and possibly many covariates. The computational algorithm itself is the object of statistical study: after a globally consistent warm start in the first phase, the path of averaged online iterates generated in the second phase automatically delivers estimators with optimal convergence rates and valid confidence sets. Both phases require only a single pass over the data stream and are well suited to streaming data or to settings with storage/privacy constraints. For semiparametric monotone index models, the averaged trajectory of the second phase lead to …

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The Risk Protection Value Of “Moral Hazard”, Angie Acquatella, Victoria Marone Jul 2026

The Risk Protection Value Of “Moral Hazard”, Angie Acquatella, Victoria Marone

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Health insurance lowers the out-of-pocket price of healthcare, and it is well-established that this leads to higher utilization of care. This manifestation of “moral hazard” is typ ically viewed as a social cost of insurance. Within a standard model, this paper shows that a consumer’s ability to change her behavior in response to insurance can also play a central role in the ability of insurance to protect her from risk. We provide a theoretical characterization of this channel and quantify its importance empirically. Under stan dard parameterizations and estimates in the literature, we find that insurance-induced healthcare utilization can account …

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Explanations For Robust Decisions, Kai Hao Yang, Nathan Yoder, Alexander K. Zentefis Jul 2026

Explanations For Robust Decisions, Kai Hao Yang, Nathan Yoder, Alexander K. Zentefis

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We consider the problem of explaining a data generating process (DGP) to a decision maker (DM) who cannot understand it. Explanations are information, not approximations: they are useful because they rule out possible DGPs. If the DM maximizes her average payoff, explanations using OLS are robustly useful, and augmenting them with summary statistics makes them more so. Sampling error can destroy these guarantees, but theoretical assumptions linking that error to the DGP can restore them. If the DM is sufficiently ambiguity averse, explanations that are affine in outcomes are not robustly useful, but certificates reporting lower bounds on outcomes are.

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Long-Run Effects Of H-1b Immigration On The U.S. Economy, Ran Abramitzky, Leah Boustan, Ahmet Gulak, Jens Hainmueller Jul 2026

Long-Run Effects Of H-1b Immigration On The U.S. Economy, Ran Abramitzky, Leah Boustan, Ahmet Gulak, Jens Hainmueller

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We study the effects of H-1B immigration on U.S. industries that employ H-1B workers and their trading partners. Using a novel cross-industry design and the 1999–2003 expansion of the H-1B visa cap for identification, we find that H-1B exposure raised incomes for natives and pre-existing immigrants, with gains concentrated in non-STEM occupations. Income gains propagate forward through supply chains to downstream industries but not backward to upstream industries, consistent with a productivity shock rather than a labor supply shock. We find no direct effect on patenting, suggesting that productivity gains arise from better task execution rather than patentable invention.

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Doctor Decision Making And Patient Outcomes, Janet Currie, W. Bentley Macleod, Kate Musen Jul 2026

Doctor Decision Making And Patient Outcomes, Janet Currie, W. Bentley Macleod, Kate Musen

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Doctors often treat similar patients differently, which affects health outcomes and medical spending. We assess the recent literature on doctor decision making through the lens of a model that incorporates diagnostic and procedural skills, beliefs, incentives, and differences in patient pools. Decision making is affected by beliefs, training, experience, peer effects, financial incentives, and time constraints. Interventions to improve decision making include providing information, guidelines, and technologies like electronic medical records and algorithmic decision tools. Economists have made progress in understanding doctor decision making, but applications of that knowledge to improving health care are still limited.

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How Much Should A Conversational Recommender System Converse?, Akshit Kumar, Vahideh Manshadi, Akhilesh Tumu Jul 2026

How Much Should A Conversational Recommender System Converse?, Akshit Kumar, Vahideh Manshadi, Akhilesh Tumu

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Conversational recommender systems powered by generative AI can enhance personalization by facilitating information elicitation through follow-up questions. However, engaging in these conversations imposes a communication cost on users. As platforms with different objectives and monetization models deploy these systems, a central question is: how does the platform’s objective and sellers’ strategic response shape the design of these systems in terms of their elicitation strategy? We develop a parsimonious model of conversational elicitation in which interaction generates noisy preference information and imposes a communication cost borne by the user. A user-welfare-maximizing platform elicits more information when accurate niche matching yields large …

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Life After Divorce: Effects Of Joint Custody On Parents And Children, Stella Canessa, Gordon B. Dahl, Anna Hasselqvist, Costas Meghir, Susan Niknami, Mårten Palme, Helmut Rainer, Olof Rosenqvist, Pengpeng Xiao Jul 2026

Life After Divorce: Effects Of Joint Custody On Parents And Children, Stella Canessa, Gordon B. Dahl, Anna Hasselqvist, Costas Meghir, Susan Niknami, Mårten Palme, Helmut Rainer, Olof Rosenqvist, Pengpeng Xiao

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Divorce reshapes family life, yet little is known about one of its most consequential features: the allocation of child custody. We study the impact of joint versus sole custody on both parents and children using rich administrative data from Sweden linked to over 25 years of newly-collected court custody rulings. To address selection concerns, we exploit random assignment of custody disputes to judges who differ sharply in their propensity to grant joint custody. For fathers, joint custody substantially raises earnings and improves mental health, consistent with sustained paternal involvement enhancing labor market attachment and psychological well-being. In contrast, there are …

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Ai Premium, Nicola Borri, Yukun Liu, Aleh Tsyvinski Jul 2026

Ai Premium, Nicola Borri, Yukun Liu, Aleh Tsyvinski

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Using 380 trillion tokens of realized AI consumption across more than four hundred large language models from the licensed proprietary OpenRouter dataset covering approximately 2 percent of current global monthly AI token consumption, we analyze how AI affects firms, markets, and workers. Leveraging the unprecedented size, scope and granularity data, we construct the AI Factor from growth in tokens, dollars, and users, estimate firm-level AI Betas from stock return comovement, and characterize the AI Premium. First, we build a high-frequency AI factor and decompose it into salient components. Second, we show that firms whose returns covary more positively with the …

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Credit Surfaces And Economic Uncertainty, John Geanokopolis, David E. Rappaport Jul 2026

Credit Surfaces And Economic Uncertainty, John Geanokopolis, David E. Rappaport

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The Credit Surface along the leverage dimension gives the bond spread as a function of the loan-to-value ratio. Empirically, we show that uncertainty shocks typically increase spreads and steepen the credit surface, profoundly affecting the supply of credit. Theoretically, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the convexity of the credit surface, and for changes in the anticipated distribution of collateral prices that lead to steepening of the credit surface. Finally, we show that the credit surface itself fully reveals the entire distribution of collateral prices, thus providing a new and vivid language with which to describe uncertainty and stochastic …

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The Displacement Effects Of Domestic Outsourcing, Mayara Felix, Michael B. Wong Jul 2026

The Displacement Effects Of Domestic Outsourcing, Mayara Felix, Michael B. Wong

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Evidence that domestic outsourcing lowers pay comes largely from on-site transfers, in which workers move to a contractor but keep the same jobs. Displacement is rarely observed: whether workers lose their jobs, where they go, how earnings evolve. In Brazil’s 1993–1994 pro-outsourcing reforms, which differentially affected security guards, such transfers were rare; firms instead used occupational layoffs, shedding their guards while keeping other workers. Displaced guards’ employment recovered within five years, but many changed occupations and wages stayed about 12% lower. Lifetime losses average 1.2 to 1.5 years of pre-layoff earnings, concentrated among workers from high-wage firms, reflecting lost premia.

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Domestic Outsourcing And Young-Worker Entry Into The Formal Sector, Mayara Felix, Michael B. Wong Jul 2026

Domestic Outsourcing And Young-Worker Entry Into The Formal Sector, Mayara Felix, Michael B. Wong

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We provide evidence that domestic outsourcing increases young-worker entry into the formal sector. Leveraging a pair of 1993–1994 Brazilian reforms that reduced the relative cost of outsourcing security guards, a triple-differences design shows that the reforms increased formal guard employment by 4% and hiring from unemployment or informality by 7%, while reallocating formal employment from older to younger workers and leaving demographic-adjusted wages unchanged. Census data corroborate the rise in formality, driven by the youngest cohorts. The compositional shift mirrors a general pattern in Brazil’s matched employer–employee records: conditional on total firm size, employers with greater occupation-specific scale hire younger …

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