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Analytic Studies Of Fermions In The Conformal Bootstrap, Soner Albayrak Apr 2021

Analytic Studies Of Fermions In The Conformal Bootstrap, Soner Albayrak

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In this thesis, we analyze unitary conformal field theories in three dimensional spaces by applying analytic conformal bootstrap techniques to correlation functions of non-scalar operators, in particular Majorana fermions. Via the analysis of these correlation functions, we access several sectors in the spectrum of conformal field theories that have been previously unexplored with analytic methods, and we provide new data for several operator families. In the first part of the thesis, we achieve this by the large spin expansions that have been traditionally used in the conformal bootstrap program for scalar correlators, whereas in the second part we carry out …

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Essays On The Economics Of Education And Health In Developing Countries, Kritika Narula Apr 2021

Essays On The Economics Of Education And Health In Developing Countries, Kritika Narula

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In my dissertation, I examine topics related to education and health in the context of developing countries.In Chapter 1, I study the impact of a large and unique public policy in India, known as the Right to Education (RTE) Act, on the education outcomes of children. The RTE Act made education a fundamental right of every child between the ages of 6 and 14 by guaranteeing free admission in a neighborhood school. It simultaneously reduced the cost of attending private school for the disadvantaged by reserving 25% of the seats in entry grades in private schools for them, and reduced …

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Sociocognitive Development Through A Comparative Developmental Lens, Alyssa Mcsherry Arre Apr 2021

Sociocognitive Development Through A Comparative Developmental Lens, Alyssa Mcsherry Arre

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Early human life is marked by robust developmental shifts in sociocognitive abilities. While we know a lot about these developmental patterns in human primates, we know relatively little about whether nonhuman primates share these early life trajectories. In this dissertation, I identify and explore three open questions using this comparative developmental psychology method. In Chapter 2 (Arre, Clark, and Santos, 2020), I compare the developmental trajectory of an early emerging theory of mind ability— the capacity to represent what others see— in a primate species to the existing established trajectory in human infants. In Chapter 3 (Arre, Stumph, & Santos, …

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Inadvertent Expansion In World Politics, Nicholas Duncan Anderson Apr 2021

Inadvertent Expansion In World Politics, Nicholas Duncan Anderson

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Why do great powers adopt expansionist foreign policies? Despite its great variety, much of the existing literature shares a common characteristic: that of seeing expansion as the centrally-driven and strategic extension of the state’s territorial domain. However, many important historical instances of great power expansion do not comport with these expectations, showing expansion to be far more peripherally driven and far less strategic than they would expect. In this dissertation, I make a distinction between centrally-driven “strategic expansion” and peripherally-driven “inadvertent expansion,” and I explain inadvertent expansion in the modern history of great power politics. I make three central arguments. …

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Essays In Automation And Globalization, Daisuke Adachi Apr 2021

Essays In Automation And Globalization, Daisuke Adachi

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation studies a range of topics in automation and globalization. Chapter 1 studies the role of industrial robots in the US in expanding the occupational wage polarization. Chapter 2 explores the effect of industrial robots in Japan on employment and wages in each industry and region. Chapter 3 investigates the impact of recent growth in multinational enterprises on headquarter country's labor demand and labor share. Chapter 1 studies the distributional and aggregate effects of the rising use of industrial robots across occupations. I construct a novel dataset that tracks the cost of robots from Japan by occupations. The dataset …

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The Role Of The Rag1 Non-Core Domain In V(D)J Recombination And Lymphocyte Development, Helen Alexander Beilinson Apr 2021

The Role Of The Rag1 Non-Core Domain In V(D)J Recombination And Lymphocyte Development, Helen Alexander Beilinson

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene assembly depend on V(D)J recombination initiated by the RAG1-RAG2 recombinase. The RAG1 N-terminal region (NTR; aa 1-383) has been implicated in regulatory functions whose influence on V(D)J recombination and lymphocyte development in vivo are poorly understood. We generated mouse strains in which RAG1 lacks its first 215 residues (215), E3 ubiquitin ligase activity (P326G), or the major site of autoubiquitination (K233R). RAG1 protein levels are increased in all three mutants and RAG1-P326G B cells exhibit increased cell death during development and an increased Ig:Ig ratio. Previous studies have demonstrated that recombination of the immunoglobulin …

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Three Essays On The Role Of Unstructured Data In Marketing Research, Ishita Sunity Kumar Chakraborty Apr 2021

Three Essays On The Role Of Unstructured Data In Marketing Research, Ishita Sunity Kumar Chakraborty

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This thesis studies the use of firm and user-generated unstructured data (e.g., text and videos) for improving market research combining advances in text, audio and video processing with traditional economic modeling. The first chapter is joint work with K. Sudhir and Minkyung Kim. It addresses two significant challenges in using online text reviews to obtain fine-grained attribute level sentiment ratings. First, we develop a deep learning convolutional-LSTM hybrid model to account for language structure, in contrast to methods that rely on word frequency. The convolutional layer accounts for the spatial structure (adjacent word groups or phrases) and LSTM accounts for …

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Essays In Financial Economics, Thomas Paul Bonczek Apr 2021

Essays In Financial Economics, Thomas Paul Bonczek

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

My dissertation consists of three essays exploring how economic agents' reception of updatedinformation about macroeconomic developments impacts their actions and investment choices and the effect this has on asset prices and macroeconomic fluctuations. The first essay provides evidence that variations in the treasury supply and foreign demand for safe assets have been a source of priced predictability in domestic consumer credit and consumption growth. In the second essay I set out to explain the sequential order of devaluations during contagious currency crises employing a Global Games model featuring informational cascades where individual currencies share a common exposure to adverse macroeconomic …

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Computational Discovery Of Structured Non-Coding Rna Motifs In Bacteria, Kenneth Ivan Brewer Apr 2021

Computational Discovery Of Structured Non-Coding Rna Motifs In Bacteria, Kenneth Ivan Brewer

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation describes a range of computational efforts to discover novel structured non-coding RNA (ncRNA) motifs in bacteria and generate hypotheses regarding their potential functions. This includes an introductory description of key advances in comparative genomics and RNA structure prediction as well as some of the most commonly found ncRNA candidates. Beyond that, I describe efforts for the comprehensive discovery of ncRNA candidates in 25 bacterial genomes and a catalog of the various functions hypothesized for these new motifs. Finally, I describe the Discovery of Intergenic Motifs PipeLine (DIMPL) which is a new computational toolset that harnesses the power of …

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Migration, Exile And Absence: Catholicism On The British Atlantic Frontier, 1634-1699, Kelsey Elizabeth Champagne Apr 2021

Migration, Exile And Absence: Catholicism On The British Atlantic Frontier, 1634-1699, Kelsey Elizabeth Champagne

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines the ways in which Catholics in the seventeenth-century British Atlantic balanced their competing identities as English, Scottish and Irish subjects and Catholics, despite persecution for their religion. It traces the stories of four groups of Catholics who, facing drastically different opportunities and restrictions, stubbornly refused to renounce their religion and conform. By 1660, Catholicism had been outlawed in the British Isles for a century, punishable by fines, forfeiture and even execution. Faced with persecution from their governments and neighbors and combatting a drastic dearth of resources in the form of priests, devotional items and sacraments, Catholic men …

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Fisb Mediated Membrane Fission During Sporulation In Bacillus Subtilis, Martha Braun Apr 2021

Fisb Mediated Membrane Fission During Sporulation In Bacillus Subtilis, Martha Braun

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Membrane fusion and fission are important to all forms of life as they are required for processes such as cellular division, intracellular trafficking, and synaptic vesicle recycling. While membrane fission is extensively studied in eukaryotes, little is known about bacterial membrane fission even though it is required for every cell cycle. Membrane fission also occurs during sporulation. When nutrients are scarce, certain bacteria (e.g. Bacillus subtilis) are able to sporulate, thereby creating resistant endospores that can withstand harsh environmental conditions, such as radiation and drought, for hundreds of years. The first step of sporulation is asymmetric cell division which generates …

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Well-Distributed Sequences: Number Theory, Optimal Transport, And Potential Theory, Louis Max Brown Apr 2021

Well-Distributed Sequences: Number Theory, Optimal Transport, And Potential Theory, Louis Max Brown

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation will be to examine various ways of measuring how uniformly distributed a sequence of points on compact manifolds and finite combinatorial graphs can be, providing bounds and novel explicit algorithms to pick extremely uniform points, as well as connecting disparate branches of mathematics such as Number Theory and Optimal Transport. Chapter 1 sets the stage by introducing some of the fundamental ideas and results that will be used consistently throughout the thesis: we develop and establish Weyl's Theorem, the definition of discrepancy, LeVeque's Inequality, the Erdős-Turán Inequality, Koksma-Hlawka Inequality, and Schmidt's Theorem about Irregularities of …

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The Logic Of Escalation And The Benefits Of Conventional Power Preponderance In The Nuclear Age, Tyler John Bowen Apr 2021

The Logic Of Escalation And The Benefits Of Conventional Power Preponderance In The Nuclear Age, Tyler John Bowen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

What is the value of conventional military preponderance in a nuclear world? The possession of nuclear weapons by the world’s major power renders great power war obsolete, and fundamental theories of how nuclear weapons affect international politics claim that conventional capabilities matter less in a nuclear world. Yet, major powers are competing for conventional superiority and have done so throughout the nuclear age. In particular, the United States spends hundreds of billions of dollars to maintain aggregate conventional preponderance over its nearest great power rivals. Rather than label this behavior as irrational, I develop conventional options theory examine the security …

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Natural Language Processing And Graph Representation Learning For Clinical Data, David Chang Apr 2021

Natural Language Processing And Graph Representation Learning For Clinical Data, David Chang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The past decade has witnessed remarkable progress in biomedical informatics and its related fields: the development of high-throughput technologies in genomics, the mass adoption of electronic health records systems, and the AI renaissance largely catalyzed by deep learning. Deep learning has played an undeniably important role in our attempts to reduce the gap between the exponentially growing amount of biomedical data and our ability to make sense of them. In particular, the two main pillars of this dissertation---natural language processing and graph representation learning---have improved our capacity to learn useful representations of language and structured data to an extent previously …

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Early Shh-Dependent Telencephalic Patterning Disruptions In Tourette Syndrome, Melanie Victoria Brady Apr 2021

Early Shh-Dependent Telencephalic Patterning Disruptions In Tourette Syndrome, Melanie Victoria Brady

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Ventral telencephalic development gives rise to the basal ganglia, a subpallial brain region responsible for motor function and coordination. This brain region is implicated in many movement disorders, including Tourette Syndrome (TS). TS is a heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorder and its etiopathophysiology is unknown. To date, TS has been investigated in animal models and postnatal human subjects, but early development of this disorder has not been studied. Previous work in adult TS post mortem basal ganglia tissue has shown a reduction in striatal interneurons, which serve to largely regulate striatal output. However, possible mechanisms for this neuronal loss and whether or …

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A Comparison Of Strategies For Mitigation Of Lifecycle Greenhouse Gases From Residential Buildings In The United States, Peter Berrill Apr 2021

A Comparison Of Strategies For Mitigation Of Lifecycle Greenhouse Gases From Residential Buildings In The United States, Peter Berrill

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Buildings play a key role in determining global demand for energy and materials, and therefore have a major influence on anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This dissertation examines recent trends and future trajectories of energy demand and GHG emissions from residential buildings in the United States. Around 10% of residential GHG emissions in the United States come from material production and construction activities, a share that will increase as energy supply decarbonizes. Decarbonization of electricity generation has been the primary source of residential sector emission reductions since 2005. Demand side energy efficiency improvements have helped to reduce emissions, but compared …

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Patience And Forgiveness: The Meaning Of Kṣānti (Pali: Khanti) In The Mahābhārata And The Pali Canon, Mansi Sunil Agrawal Apr 2021

Patience And Forgiveness: The Meaning Of Kṣānti (Pali: Khanti) In The Mahābhārata And The Pali Canon, Mansi Sunil Agrawal

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation explores the meaning of the Sanskrit term kṣānti in the Mahābhārata and the Pali term khanti in the Pali Canon. There is considerable debate and confusion within the scholarly community as to what these terms mean, and scholars have chosen to translate the verbal root from which they derive using a wide range of terms: “ be patient,” “forgive,” “tolerate,” “endure,” “suffer,” “pardon,” “forbear,” “wait,” “allow,” “indulge,” and so on. Through a thorough and close examination of the Mahābhārata and the Pali Canon, this dissertation unveils the precise meanings of these terms in these texts. This dissertation will …

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New Search For Higgs Boson Decay To A Beyond The Standard Model Vector Boson With The Atlas Detector, Christian Thomas Martin Weber Apr 2021

New Search For Higgs Boson Decay To A Beyond The Standard Model Vector Boson With The Atlas Detector, Christian Thomas Martin Weber

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation presents the search for the beyond Standard Model process H -> ZZd -> 4l; the decay of a Higgs boson to four leptons via an intermediate Z boson and an intermediate beyond Standard Model dark vector boson Zd. The Zd is in this analysis presumed to exist in a mass range of 15 GeV to 55 GeV, and connect to the Standard Model via kinetic mixing with the Z boson. Only electrons and leptons are considered in the leptonic final states.The analysis is based on 139 inverse femto barn of proton-proton collision with a center of mass energy …

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Essays In Applied Bayesian Analysis, Xinyuan Chen Apr 2021

Essays In Applied Bayesian Analysis, Xinyuan Chen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

With continuing rapid developments in computational power, Bayesian statistical methods, because of their user-friendliness and estimation capabilities, have become increasingly popular in a considerable variety of application fields. In this thesis, applied Bayesian methodological topics and empirical examples focusing on nonhomogeneous hidden Markov models (NHMMs) and measurement error models are explored in three chapters. In the first chapter, a subsequence-based variational Bayesian inference framework for NHMMs is proposed in order to address the computational problems encountered when analyzing datasets containing long sequences. The second chapter concentrates on measurement error models, where a Bayesian estimation procedure is proposed for the partial …

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Essays In Behavioral Finance And Asset Pricing, Shuosong Chen Apr 2021

Essays In Behavioral Finance And Asset Pricing, Shuosong Chen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation studies a range of topics in behavioral finance and asset pricing. The three essays presented in this dissertation have the common theme of using economic theory to explain puzzling phenomena in financial markets. Chapters 1 and 2 focus on one of the most well-known theories in behavioral finance, the prospect theory, and its implications on asset returns in the U.S. stock market and options market. Chapter 3 switches the focus to the Chinese warrants market, and explores the pricing efficiency of option pricing models from an econometric perspective. Chapter 1 asks the question "why do investors sometimes require …

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Acetylcholine Signaling In The Basolateral Amygdala During Reward Learning, Richard Blake Crouse Apr 2021

Acetylcholine Signaling In The Basolateral Amygdala During Reward Learning, Richard Blake Crouse

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Animal survival relies in part on the ability to learn the outcomes that environmental stimuli predict and recall those associations to make decisions later in life. Learning is not monolithic, but instead is mediated by different brain regions depending on the type of information processed. Learning can happen at happen at different speeds, and memories can vary in their longevity. Much is still unknown about the neurobiology underlying learning and memory, thus further research into these processes is necessary to build foundational understanding of these critical phenomenon, and also to develop novel treatments for patients suffering from learning and memory …

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Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms To Characterize Single-Cell Heterogeneity And Perturbation Response, Daniel Bernard Burkhardt Apr 2021

Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms To Characterize Single-Cell Heterogeneity And Perturbation Response, Daniel Bernard Burkhardt

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Recent advances in microfluidic technologies facilitate the measurement of gene expression, DNA accessibility, protein content, or genomic mutations at unprecedented scale. The challenges imposed by the scale of these datasets are further exacerbated by non-linearity in molecular effects, complex interdependencies between features, and a lack of understanding of both data generating processes and sources of technical and biological noise. As a result, analysis of modern single-cell data requires the development of specialized computational tools. One solution to these problems is the use of manifold learning, a sub-field of unsupervised machine learning that seeks to model data geometry using a simplifying …

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Essays In Environmental And Energy Economics, Wade Ivan Davis Apr 2021

Essays In Environmental And Energy Economics, Wade Ivan Davis

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation contributes developments in modeling and policy analysis in environmental and energy economics. All three chapters are useful to ongoing debates in climate change policy and the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions. My first chapter develops a model of consumer decision-making in an analysis of the electricity retail choice market in Texas. This project explores (1) the limitations of consumer decision-making in a setting with large choice sets and (2) the relationship between competition and product variety after deregulation. I find strong evidence of inattention and search costs as explanations for consumers' widespread failure to choose cost-minimizing contracts. These …

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Rough Beginnings: Imagining The Origins Of Agriculture In Late Medieval And Early Modern Britain, Clio Doyle Apr 2021

Rough Beginnings: Imagining The Origins Of Agriculture In Late Medieval And Early Modern Britain, Clio Doyle

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The Renaissance had both apocalyptic and hopeful visions of the future, but both were tied into the idea of the Golden Age, a past age that could be described as perfectly fertile or hopelessly barren, as a time of plenty or of hunger. The idea of a time before agriculture was approached with ambivalence: it was at once the innocent, ideal beginning and the feared end. I argue in my dissertation, “Rough Beginnings: Imagining the Origins of Agriculture in Late Medieval and Early Modern Britain,” that stories about the invention of agriculture allowed writers of poetry, drama, history, and husbandry …

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Essays On Financial Intermediation And Collateral Requirements, Chuan Du Apr 2021

Essays On Financial Intermediation And Collateral Requirements, Chuan Du

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This collection of essays examines financial intermediation and collateral requirements in economies where limited enforcement of repayment necessitates loans to be backed by eligible collateral. Collateralized lending was a key feature of the 2008 financial crisis, with significant policy interventions in major economies directed towards restoring leverage and financial intermediation. Similarly, given the unprecedented shock of the COVID-19 pandemic, firms that face binding collateral constraints and find it difficult to secure loans on affordable terms may struggle to weather the crisis. Governments and central banks worldwide have instigated large scale policy responses to ease credit conditions. Theoretical models of financial …

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Figuring Collectivity In The Age Of Climate Crisis, Maximilian Elihu Chaoulideer Apr 2021

Figuring Collectivity In The Age Of Climate Crisis, Maximilian Elihu Chaoulideer

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation confronts a contradiction that has come to define human life over (at least) the past quarter millennium: though we have, collectively, become the first species to inscribe ourselves into the geological record, we have, individually, diminishing power over the shape of the world toward which we blindly work. While imperial expansion and unfettered fossil fuel extraction threaten to undermine the material conditions of all human life, there is, I argue, a more fundamental problem manifest in anthropogenic climate change, one that poses a representational challenge. Because of its own globality, the threat posed by something as diffuse and …

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Interpersonal Voice: Antecedents And Consequences Of Speaking Up Within Close Relationships, Brian David Bink Apr 2021

Interpersonal Voice: Antecedents And Consequences Of Speaking Up Within Close Relationships, Brian David Bink

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation deals with people voicing concerns to a romantic partner in an attempt to change that romantic partner’s attitudes or behaviors either: a) to support the partner’s welfare (partner-benefiting voice) or b) to support the person’s own welfare (self-benefiting voice). Existing work on voice is reviewed and it is noted that the majority of prior research on voice has focused on how individual traits influence the use of voice and has ignored how the relational context between the parties might influence the use of voice. It is on this question that this dissertation focuses. Through three studies I assess …

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Regulation Of Mek Signaling And Inhibitor Sensitivity In Melanoma, Eunice Cho Apr 2021

Regulation Of Mek Signaling And Inhibitor Sensitivity In Melanoma, Eunice Cho

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is characterized by aberrant hyperactivation of the ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Genetic lesions in the core components of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK protein kinase cascade as well as its upstream regulators are key features of melanoma progression and drug resistance. MEK, the central kinase within the cascade, is constitutively activated by many upstream oncogenic events and is an important drug target. MEK inhibition in combination with BRAF inhibition is the standard of care for treating BRAFV600E melanoma. However, not all BRAFV600E melanomas respond to these inhibitors, and those that do respond eventually acquire …

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Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling And Related Reactions Of Non-Classical Electrophiles Focusing On Esters, Amira Hanafi Dardir Apr 2021

Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling And Related Reactions Of Non-Classical Electrophiles Focusing On Esters, Amira Hanafi Dardir

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This thesis summarizes work related to the development of mild palladium-catalyzed cross- coupling reactions of phenyl- and benzyl- esters, which undergo different C-O bond cleavage selectivity, the scope of the reactions and applications, and mechanistic understanding of precatalyst activation and the oxidative addition steps. The first chapter of this thesis is an introduction summarizing palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of non-classical electrophiles. The second chapter focus on the development of mild palladium-catalyzed non- decarbonylative Suzuk-Miyuara and Buchwald Hartwig cross-coupling reactions of phenyl aryl- and alkyl-esters to generate ketenes and amides, respectively. The third chapter is the extension of the Suzuki-Miyuara reactions to …

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On The Efficient Evaluation Of The Azimuthal Fourier Components Of The Green's Function For Helmholtz's Equation In Cylindrical Coordinates, James Michael Garritano Apr 2021

On The Efficient Evaluation Of The Azimuthal Fourier Components Of The Green's Function For Helmholtz's Equation In Cylindrical Coordinates, James Michael Garritano

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In this dissertation, we develop an efficient algorithm to evaluate the azimuthal Fourier components of the Green’s function for the Helmholtz equation in cylindrical coordinates. A computationally efficient algorithm for this modal Green’s function is essential for solvers for electromagnetic scattering from bodies of revolution (e.g., radar cross sections, antennas). Current algorithms to evaluate this modal Green’s function become computationally intractable when the source and target are close or when the wavenumber is large. Furthermore, most of the state of the art methods cannot easily be parallelized. In this work, we present an algorithm for evaluating the modal Green’s function …

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