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The Freshwater Pulse—A Numerical Model With Application To The St. Lawrence Estuary, Kim-Tai Tee, Thin-Hock Lim

Journal of Marine Research

The freshwater pulse, characterized by a salinity minimum, has been observed in many coastal areas. A 2-D numerical model was developed to investigate the laterally averaged estuarine circulation, and the freshwater pulse in the St. Lawrence Estuary. The effects on the circulation and salinity of various parameters, including vertical eddy coefficients, river runoff, the bottom friction coefficient and the open boundary condition were studied.The freshwater pulse in the St. Lawrence Estuary was simulated using a seasonal variation of the freshwater runoff. In addition to simulating the downstream propagation and the reduction of the pulse's amplitude toward both the ocean and …

Zooplankton Grazers As Transformers Of Ocean Optics: A Dynamic Model, Mark E. Huntley, Victor Marin, Florence Escritor

Journal of Marine Research

A model was developed, based on data collected in the Southern California Bight region, to assess the effect of zooplankton grazing on the attenuation of light due to suspended particles. Diel vertical distribution and grazing activity of the principal zooplankton grazers in the coastal waters of southern California were studied during mid-March, 1986. Calanus pacificus exhibited vertical migration, but Acartia spp. and Paracalanus spp. did not. All species had a diel feeding rhythm, whether or not they migrated; grazing activity, measured by the gut fluorescence method, increased at night. Model parameters are temperature, particle doubling rate, particle size-frequency distribution, zooplankton …

Deep Zonal Currents In The Central Equatorial Pacific, Eric Firing

Journal of Marine Research

A complex system of deep zonal currents in the central equatorial Pacific persisted during 16 months of current measurements spanning the 1982–1983 EI Niño episode. At least three extra equatorialcurrents appear to be permanent: the north and south intermediate countercurrents, with eastward velocity cores at 600 m depth, located 1.5–2.0° from the equator; and the south equatorial intermediate current, with a westward core at 900 m depth three or more degrees south of the equator. On the equator, the deep jets were nearly stationary during the period of these measurements. Comparison with earlier measurements shows that over longer periods the …

Relative Mobility Of Radioactive Trace Elements Across The Sediment-Water Interface In The Merl Model Ecosystems Of Narragansett Bay, Peter H. Santschi, Michael Amdurer, Dennis Adler, Patricia O'Hara, Yuan-Hui Li, Peter Doering

Journal of Marine Research

The "mobilities" of radioactive trace elements across the water sediment boundary of a coastal marine ecosystem were investigated. The studies carried out included chemical speciation experiments ofthe solution and solid phases, as well as verification experiments in controlled model ecosystems ("MERL" tanks). The latter included backdiffusion experiments under oxic and anoxic conditions and experiments with artificially increased sediment resuspension rates. These studies have produced seven general conclusions: (1) The backdiffusion of Cs, Mn, Co, and Zn radiotracers across the sediment-water interface into oxic waters and of Mn and Co radiotracers into anoxic waters was predicted from laboratory experiments. (2) The …

Bomb Radiocarbon In The Pacific: Annual And Seasonal Timescale Variations, Ellen R. M. Druffel

Journal of Marine Research

Banded corals are used as proxy recorders of bomb radiocarbon in the surface of the Pacific Ocean. Bomb radiocarbon levels appeared to still be rising in the tropical Pacific by 1982, in contrast to temperate locations that peaked in the early 1970's. This is representative of the geostrophic transport of bomb-laden waters from higher latitudes toward the equator. The seasonal radiocarbon signal at Canton Island (3S, 172W) during the early 1970's was twice the amplitude of that at Fanning Island (4N, 159W), and the radiocarbon minima at these locations were offset by several months. The phase lag is caused primarily …

Bottom Waters Of The Gulf Of Maine, 1978-1983, David G. Mountain, Paul F. Jessen

Journal of Marine Research

The properties of the bottom waters (>100 m) of the Gulf of Maine are described using hydrographic data from 26 surveys between May 1978 and December 1983. The average temperature and salinity of the bottom water are presented from the different surveys for four regions of the Gulf—Wilkinson, Jordan, and Georges Basins and the Northeast Channel. The spatial variability across the Gulf was larger than the temporal variability in any region. The bottom water originates from Slope Water that enters the Gulf through the Northeast Channel. It is modified within the Gulf by vertical mixing with the near-surface waters …

Ultimate Sources Of Aggregate Variability, Robert J. Shiller

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

What, ultimately, is different from quarter to quarter or year to year that accounts for the fact that macroeconomic variables change over these intervals? That is, which are the biggest ultimate sources, in terms we may say of tastes, technology, endowments, government policy, industrial organization, labor-management relations, speculative behavior, or the like, that change to cause this variability? There are a bewildering variety of claims in the literature for such ultimate sources. Far fewer efforts have been made to give a breakdown of the variance of macroeconomic aggregates by Pigou (1929) and Fair (1987). The nature of the evidence for …

Sources Of Output And Price Variability In A Macroeconometric Model, Ray C. Fair

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Existence of equilibrium is proved for an exchange strategic market game with complete markets. An example of equilibrium with inconsistent prices is given.

Financial Intermediaries, James Tobin

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This is an essay on Financial Intermediaries written for the New Palgrave . It includes sections on national wealth, financial markets, assets, risk and regulation.

Optimal Choice Of Monetary Policy Instruments In A Macroeconometric Model, Ray C. Fair

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

It has been nearly twenty years since Poole (1970) wrote his classic article on the optimal choice of monetary policy instruments in a stochastic IS-LM model. Poole assumed that the monetary authority (henceforth called the Fed) can control the interest rate or the money supply exactly. These are the two “instruments” of monetary policy. If the aim is to minimize the squared deviation of real output from its target value, Poole showed that the choice of the optimal instrument depends on the variance of the error term in the IS function, the variance of the error term in the LM …

Statistical Inference In Regressions With Integrated Processes: Part 2, Joon Y. Park, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper continues the theoretical investigation of Park and Phillips [7]. We develop an asymptotic theory of regression for multivariate linear models that accommodates integrated processes of different orders, nonzero means, drifts, time trends and cointegrated regressors. The framework of analysis is general but has a common architecture that helps to simplify and codify what would otherwise be a myriad of isolated results. A good deal of earlier research by the authors and by others comes within the new framework. Special models of some importance are considered in detail, such as VAR systems with multiple lags and cointegrated variants.

Conditional And Unconditional Statistical Independence, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Conditional independence almost everywhere in the space of the conditioning variates does not imply unconditional independence, although it may well imply unconditional independence of certain functions of the variables. An example that is important in linear regression theory is discussed in detail. This involves orthogonal projections on random linear manifolds, which are conditionally independent but not unconditionally independent under normality. Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained under which conditional independence does imply unconditional independence.

Employer Supported On Or Near Site Child Care Centers In Connecticut, Julie L. Bender

Public Health Theses

A growing body of literature attests to the value of employer-supported child care initiatives. This descriptive research documented the characteristics and relationship of Connecticut employer-supported child care centers with their sponsoring organizations. Data concerning the factors that lead to their implementation, aspects of company operation perceived as having been affected by the child care program, and attitudes of employer-sponsored child care center directors, regarding their company's sensitivity to employee issues, were collected· by interviews with 14 day center directors. Results indicated that programs were initiated to improve a variety of work-related productivity measures and achieved the effects for which they …

Bulletin Of Yale University School Of Nursing 1987-1988, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 83, Number 10

September 1, 1987

The Rearrangement Of The Immunoglobulin And T-Cell Receptor Genes In Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Tarik Mustafa Ramahi

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

The Treatment Of Peripheral Nerve Injuries With Cyopreserved Autografts : A Functional, Histological, And Biochemical Evaluation Of The Role Of Cryopreservation In The Rat Model, Patrick Alan Ruwe

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

The Representation Of Childbirth In The Literary Works Of Four Physician/Authors Of The Late-Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries, Patricia Hellman Gibbs

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

The Joint Production Of Confidence: Endogenous Regulation And Nineteenth Century Commercial-Bank Clearinghouses, Gary B. Gorton, Donald J. Mullineaux

Documents

No abstract provided.

Observations Of Fronts In The North Sea, H. M. Van Aken, G. J. F. Van Heijst, L. R. M. Maas

Journal of Marine Research

The persistent presence of a cold bottom layer and associated bottom fronts was observed in the stratified central North Sea during an observational program in 1981 and 1982. Moored instruments, capturing a snap-shot of such a front while it was advected past these moorings, revealed the simultaneous presence of a well-defined frontal jet with velocities up to 15 cm s⁻¹. The Coriolis force acting on this jet appeared to be in geostrophic balance with the locally intense pressure gradient forces. Hydrographic surveys revealed the presence of both small-scale and large-scale baroclinic waves on this front, the latter reaching …

Influence Of Verapamil On Total And Regional Intravascular Volume In The Dog, Barry S. Weinstock

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Autocrine Growth Regulation Of A Cloned Murine T Helper Cell Line, Jay Bruce Horowitz

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Cadmium In Gulf Stream Warm-Core Rings And Associated Waters, Carole M. Sakamoto-Arnold, Alfred K. Hanson Jr., Douglas L. Huizenga, Dana R. Kester

Journal of Marine Research

Seawater samples were collected and analyzed for cadmium during four cruises studying Gulf Stream warm-core rings and associated waters. Warm-core ring (WCR) 82-B was sampled in April (approximately two months after formation), in June (after seasonal stratification), and in August (during its interaction with the Gulf Stream). The September–October cruise studied closure and separation of a meander that formed ring 82-H. The depth of the cadmium maximum varied with the depth of the main thermocline; the maximum occurred at a potential temperature of 7.8 ± 0.5°C and sigma-theta 27.4 ± 0.05 in the Slope Water, Gulf Stream, and Sargasso Sea …

Stoichiometry Of C, N, P, And Si Fluxes In A Temperate-Climate Embayment, S. V. Smith, W. J. Wiebe, J. T. Hollibaugh, S. J. Dollar, S. W. Hager, B. E. Cole, G. W. Tribble, P. A. Wheeler

Journal of Marine Research

Dissolved C, N, P, and Si budgets for Tomales Bay, California, have been used to solve simultaneous stoichiometric equations which describe a plausible material balance for net organic matter reactions in the bay. Dissolved Si and P were both exported hydrographically. Dissolved C and fixed N were imported hydrographically. If we assume that C, N, P, and Si were supplied to the bay as organic detritus and remineralized at a rate required to balance dissolved Si and P exports, we can calculate reasonable rates of denitrification and CO₂ gas evasion across the air-water interface. The system is thus interpreted …

The Relationship Of Upwelling To Mussel Production In The Rias On The Western Coast Of Spain, J. O. Blanton, K. R. Tenore, F. Castillejo, L. P. Atkinson, F. B. Schwing, A. Lavin

Journal of Marine Research

We have calculated an upwelling index for each month over a 17-year period (1969–1985) for a point off the western coast of Spain. We interpret April through September values of the index to indicate the flux of nitrate-rich water into the Spanish Rias. The index representing the 6-month upwelling series has been correlated with an index representing the conditions of mussels grown during that season on rafts in Ria de Arosa. Two seasons represent extreme upwelling conditions over the 17-year sampling period: 1977 when the upwelling index was the highest, and 1983 when it was the lowest. A comparison of …

What Controls The Rate Of Equatorial Warm Water Mass Formation?, G. T. Csanady

Journal of Marine Research

Equatorial warm water formation is one important factor in the mass balance of Tropical Surface Water (TSW) in the Atlantic Ocean; another is drainage by the North Brazilian Coastal Current (NBCC). Both are affected by the depth of the TSW layer at the western boundary: deepening of this layer increases the transport of the NBCC and reduces warm water mass formation by shortening the eastern upwelling zone. Strengthening westward wind-stress steepens the thermocline in the western sector of the equatorial band, enhances upwelling in the eastern sector, affecting mass balance on both counts. Recirculation of TSW via a loop containing …

Yale Nurse, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Alumni Newsletters and Magazines

No abstract provided.

Deposit Guarantee Fund - 1986 Annual Report, Spain: Deposit Guarantee Fund (Fondo De Garant­A De Depósitos En Establecimientos Bancarios

Documents

No abstract provided.

Commissione Parlamentare D'Inchiesta Sulla Loggia Massonica P2, Italy: Parliament: Camera Dei Deputati, Senato Della Repubblica

Documents

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Calmodulin Antagonists On Ultraviolet Induced Cytotoxicity In Leukemic Cells, Seth Allan Rosenthal

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

The Fate Of Organic Carbon And Nitrogen In Experimental Marine Sediment Systems: Influence Of Bioturbation And Anoxia, E. Kristensen, T. H. Blackburn

Journal of Marine Research

The decay rate of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) was followed during 94 days in three homogenized sediment microcosms: 1. With a natural density of the polychaete Nereis virens (NOx-cores); 2. Defaunated, with an aerobic water phase (Ox-cores); and 3. Defaunated, with an anaerobic water phase (An-cores). In all cores there was a marked preferential mineralization of PON compared to POC. The presence of Nereis increased the net decomposition of POC and PON 2.6 and 1.6 times relative to Ox-cores. Ventilation of burrow structures by the worms increased the flux of O₂, TCO₂ and DIN …