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Red Sea Budgets Of Salinity, Nutrients And Carbon Calculated In The Strait Of Bab-Ei-Mandab During The Summer And Winter Seasons, E. Souvermezoglou, N. Metzl, A. Poisson Jan 1989

Red Sea Budgets Of Salinity, Nutrients And Carbon Calculated In The Strait Of Bab-Ei-Mandab During The Summer And Winter Seasons, E. Souvermezoglou, N. Metzl, A. Poisson

Journal of Marine Research

Annual budgets of salinity, total inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, nitrates, phosphates and silicates are estimated through the Strait of Bab-el-Mandab. Two different methods that decouple the summer and winter periods are used. A direct method uses the concentrations of these parameters, the velocity of currents, and the area of a cross section in the strait. The calculations for the fluxes and budgets during the summer period were based on data collected during two cruises made in July and September 1982 (MEROU 1 and 2). An indirect method, based upon matrix inversion and the assumption of a steady-state balance of several …

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Open-Incubation, Diffusion Methods For Measuring Solute Reaction Rates In Sediments, Robert C. Aller, James E. Mackin Jan 1989

Open-Incubation, Diffusion Methods For Measuring Solute Reaction Rates In Sediments, Robert C. Aller, James E. Mackin

Journal of Marine Research

Sedimentary solute distributions and fluxes are determined in part by the kinetics of production/consumption reactions in a deposit. It is possible to estimate rates and investigate kinetic relations in undisturbed or manipulated sediments by documenting build-up or depletion patterns of solutes allowed to diffuse either between relatively thin sections of sediment and a well-stirred water reservoir (plug incubation); or through a large section of sediment without an overlying reservoir (whole-core incubation). The time-dependent concentrations in the sediment in both cases depend on reaction rates, kinetics, diffusion coefficients, and geometric scaling of the sediment and contacting reservoir. Major advantages of the …

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The Influence Of Gulf Stream Warm Core Rings On Recruitment Of Fish In The Northwest Atlantic, Ransom A. Myers, Ken Drinkwater Jan 1989

The Influence Of Gulf Stream Warm Core Rings On Recruitment Of Fish In The Northwest Atlantic, Ransom A. Myers, Ken Drinkwater

Journal of Marine Research

The a priori hypothesis that entrainment of shelf water by warm core rings reduces recruitment of marine fish stocks through offshore transport is tested. Weekly satellite images for 1973 through 1986 are used to generate time-series of the positions and numbers of warm core rings and the locations of the shelf-slope front from the mid-Atlantic Bight to the Grand Banks. These data are combined with estimates of the timing of the spawning and the duration of larval stages to create stock-specific annual indices of ring activity and shelf-slope front variability. There is evidence that increased warm core ring activity reduces …

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Vertical Distribution Of Microbial And Meiofaunal Populations In Sediments Of A Natural Coastal Hydrocarbon Seep, Paul A. Montagna, James E. Bauer, Dane Hardin, Robert B. Spies Jan 1989

Vertical Distribution Of Microbial And Meiofaunal Populations In Sediments Of A Natural Coastal Hydrocarbon Seep, Paul A. Montagna, James E. Bauer, Dane Hardin, Robert B. Spies

Journal of Marine Research

We studied the vertical distribution of microbes and meiofauna in natural hydrocarbon seep sediments to determine if there was a relationship between profiles of benthic trophic structure and the unique biogeochemical conditions present at the seep. Three stations in the Santa Barbara Channel represented a gradient of natural petroleum seepage, from very active, to moderate, to none. Seasonal differences were examined by sampling in the three major oceanographic seasons, upwelling (April), mixed (July), and Davidson (December). Densities of microbes and meiofauna were highest in July, and decreased in winter. All population sizes decreased with increasing depth in the sediment. Harpacticoids …

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Lagrangian Statistics In The South Atlantic As Derived From Sos And Fgge Drifters, Horacio A. Figueroa, Donald B. Olson Jan 1989

Lagrangian Statistics In The South Atlantic As Derived From Sos And Fgge Drifters, Horacio A. Figueroa, Donald B. Olson

Journal of Marine Research

Daily averaged positions obtained from satellite-tracked drifting buoys launched during the First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE) and those launched as part of the ONR sponsored Southern Ocean Studies (SOS) are used to analyze eddy diffusivity due to mesoscale motions and its parameterization in some regions of the South Atlantic Ocean, significantly extending the energy range for which this type of estimations are available. Diffusion coefficients, Lagrangian integral time scales and velocity variances are calculated, and Taylor's (1921) Theorem which relates eddy diffusivity estimates with the dispersion of particles from a fixed origin is tested. In all of the cases analyzed …

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Circulation Of The Antarctic Intermediate Water In The North Atlantic Ocean, Mizuki Tsuchiya Jan 1989

Circulation Of The Antarctic Intermediate Water In The North Atlantic Ocean, Mizuki Tsuchiya

Journal of Marine Research

The Antarctic Intermediate Water in the North Atlantic Ocean is characterized by high concentrations of silica, and this characteristic is used to trace its circulation. An isopycnal map of silica reveals high-silica water extending on the west and north sides of the Mediterranean outflow water from the Straits of Florida as far northeast as 60N just south of Iceland. The extent of this high-silica Antarctic Intermediate Water is in remarkably good agreement with the path of the Gulf Stream-North Atlantic Current indicated by the geostrophic-flow field at this level.

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The Spatial And Temporal Structure Of Hydrographic And Phytoplankton Biomass Heterogeneity Along The Catalan Coast (Nw Mediterranean), Mercedes Masó, Carlos M. Duarte Jan 1989

The Spatial And Temporal Structure Of Hydrographic And Phytoplankton Biomass Heterogeneity Along The Catalan Coast (Nw Mediterranean), Mercedes Masó, Carlos M. Duarte

Journal of Marine Research

The horizontal and temporal distribution of hydrographic properties and phytoplankton biomass along the Catalan coast were analyzed to determine their variance structure (i.e., variance partition between temporal, alongshore, and across-shore components), and the relationship between hydrographic heterogeneity and variability in phytoplankton biomass. Temporal chlorophyll variability was highly seasonal, but horizontal biomass variability was related to hydrographic variability, as evidenced by significant correlations to temperature and salinity. The strength of chlorophyll-salinity correlations changed according to the extent of riverine influences within the area, but significant correlations were always negative, indicating enhanced phytoplantkon growth due to river runoff. Temperature-chlorophyll correlations changed seasonally, …

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Organic Matter Decomposition Pathways And Oxygen Consumption In Coastal Marine Sediments, James E. Mackin, Kenneth T. Swider Jan 1989

Organic Matter Decomposition Pathways And Oxygen Consumption In Coastal Marine Sediments, James E. Mackin, Kenneth T. Swider

Journal of Marine Research

In this study, we investigate the possible use of ∑CO2 production, determined from anoxic incubation experiments, and natural solute (O2, NH4+, SO4–) distributions to infer the pathways of organic matter decomposition in nearshore marine sediments. Integrated ∑CO2 production from anoxic incubation experiments agreed well with direct measurements of ∑CO2 fluxes across oxic sediment-water interfaces in Long Island Sound and Flax Pond salt marsh. This implies that anoxic incubations give reliable estimates of organic carbon remineralization rates. Therefore, anoxic ∑CO2 production, as a function of depth, was used to …

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Composition And Degradation Of Salp Fecal Pellets: Implications For Vertical Flux In Oceanic Environments, David A. Caron, Laurence P. Madin, Jonathan J. Cole Jan 1989

Composition And Degradation Of Salp Fecal Pellets: Implications For Vertical Flux In Oceanic Environments, David A. Caron, Laurence P. Madin, Jonathan J. Cole

Journal of Marine Research

Changes in the sinking rates, ash-free dry weights, particulate carbon and nitrogen content, and carbon:nitrogen ratios from the fecal pellets of several species of oceanic salps were examined in ten-day decomposition studies. Although bacteria and protozoa became abundant in the incubation vessels, most of the fecal pellets remained physically intact throughout the study. Bacterial activity in the pellets (measured by the rate of uptake of 3H-thymidine) increased, but microbial degradation had little effect on the sinking speeds of most of the fecal pellets. The average losses of ash-free dry weight and carbon and nitrogen content, along with changes in …

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Oxygen, Sulfide And Diffusion: Why Thiobiotic Meiofauna Must Be Sulfide-Insensitive First-Order Respirers, Eric Powell Jan 1989

Oxygen, Sulfide And Diffusion: Why Thiobiotic Meiofauna Must Be Sulfide-Insensitive First-Order Respirers, Eric Powell

Journal of Marine Research

Thiobios (sulfide-dependent) meiofauna have an aerobic metabolism, are sulfide-insensitive and rarely contain symbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Adaptations so far observed in thiobios are consistent with the overriding need to maximize the diffusive flux of oxygen and sulfide to optimize energy yield. Both accrue from the requirement that oxygen and sulfide uptake and metabolism be controlled by diffusion and first-order rate reactions. These adaptations include variation in shape, mitochondrial distribution and respiratory capacity. Meiofauna can substantially supplement a more inefficient anaerobic metabolism with aerobic metabolism at oxygen concentrations as low as 0.1 μM. Hence, an aerobic capacity is useful even in …

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A Brownian-Pumping Model For Oceanic Trace Metal Scavenging: Evidence From Th Isotopes, B. D. Honeyman, P. H. Santschi Jan 1989

A Brownian-Pumping Model For Oceanic Trace Metal Scavenging: Evidence From Th Isotopes, B. D. Honeyman, P. H. Santschi

Journal of Marine Research

Two observed characteristics of Th isotope and stable metal sorption in natural aquatic systems are seemingly at odds with physico-chemical adsorption theory: (1) characteristic sorption times of days to weeks and (2) Kds which are inversely related in magnitude to particle concentrations. In addition, sorption rate constants are positiveiy correlated with particle concentrations and Kd. This paper presents a conceptual and mathematical model with which it is proposed that these metal sorption characteristics have the same underlying physical process in common: the coagulation of colloidal (nonfilterable) particles onto larger (filterable) particles. “Brownian pumping” (the transfer of …

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The Ventilated Thermocline In Quasigeostrophic Approximation, Myrl C. Hendershott Jan 1989

The Ventilated Thermocline In Quasigeostrophic Approximation, Myrl C. Hendershott

Journal of Marine Research

The ventilated thermocline model of Luyten et al. (hereafter LPS), (1983) is reformulated in the quasigeostrophic approximation. The quasigeostrophic solutions with zonal outcrop lines capture the salient features of the solutions of LPS. When the outcrop lines are sufficiently nonzonal, the quasigeostrophic solutions resemble those of Parsons (1969), Veronis (1973), and Huang (1984), resolving an inconsistency in Parsons' solution. But an attempt to close the quasigeostrophic solution having two moving layers with a western boundary current in which friction is parameterized as a linear drag coefficient results in an ill posed problem. The paper concludes with a comparison of cross-gyre …

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A Nonlinear, Time-Dependent Thermocline Theory, William K. Dewar Jan 1989

A Nonlinear, Time-Dependent Thermocline Theory, William K. Dewar

Journal of Marine Research

A noneddy resolving, time-dependent, nonlinear theory of the large-scale ocean circulation is presented. The variability in this theory occurs as a response to variability in forcing. Baroclinic and barotropic evolution is computed using a two-layer, quasigeostrophic, wind-driven model. Both analytical and numerical solutions are obtained. Attention is focussed on the low-frequency, basin scale fluctuations of the wind. Based on these restrictions, the various modes of response are separated by means of a multiple time scale analysis. The barotropic response is found to be effectively instantaneous, and a relatively simple advection equation is shown to govern the baroclinic response. Analytical solutions …

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Offset And Sterilization Under Fixed Exchange Rates With An Optimizing Central Bank, Nouriel Roubini Jan 1989

Offset And Sterilization Under Fixed Exchange Rates With An Optimizing Central Bank, Nouriel Roubini

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

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Terms Of Trade, Commercial Policy, And The Black Market For Foreign Exchange: An Empirical Model Of Real Exchange Ratedetermination, Ibrahil Elbadawi Jan 1989

Terms Of Trade, Commercial Policy, And The Black Market For Foreign Exchange: An Empirical Model Of Real Exchange Ratedetermination, Ibrahil Elbadawi

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

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Current Account And Budget Deficits In An Intertemporal Model Of Consumption And Taxation Smoothing. A Solution To The ‘Feldsteinn-Horioka Puzzle’?, Nouriel Roubini Jan 1989

Current Account And Budget Deficits In An Intertemporal Model Of Consumption And Taxation Smoothing. A Solution To The ‘Feldsteinn-Horioka Puzzle’?, Nouriel Roubini

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

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The Economic Impact Of Agricultural Extension: A Review, Dean Birkhaeuser, Robert Evenson, Gershon Feder Jan 1989

The Economic Impact Of Agricultural Extension: A Review, Dean Birkhaeuser, Robert Evenson, Gershon Feder

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

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Women’S Changing Participation In The Labor Force: A World Perspective, T. Paul Schultz Jan 1989

Women’S Changing Participation In The Labor Force: A World Perspective, T. Paul Schultz

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

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The Third Birth In Sweden, James J. Heckman, James R. Walker Jan 1989

The Third Birth In Sweden, James J. Heckman, James R. Walker

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

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The Correlation Between Objective Lens Opacity And Laser Interferometric Contrast Sensitivity In The Cataract Patient, Zachary G. Klett Jan 1989

The Correlation Between Objective Lens Opacity And Laser Interferometric Contrast Sensitivity In The Cataract Patient, Zachary G. Klett

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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The Recombinogenic Activity Of The Yeast Hot1 Sequence In Mouse Cells, Vishesh K. Kapur Jan 1989

The Recombinogenic Activity Of The Yeast Hot1 Sequence In Mouse Cells, Vishesh K. Kapur

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Investigation Of Predictive Factors In Keloid Formation, Cherise Malinda Dyal Jan 1989

Investigation Of Predictive Factors In Keloid Formation, Cherise Malinda Dyal

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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The Emergency Diagnosis Of Acute Ischemic Bowel, John A. Thompson Jan 1989

The Emergency Diagnosis Of Acute Ischemic Bowel, John A. Thompson

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Accommodation For Head Growth In Pediatric Cochlear Implantation, David Ryan Marks Jan 1989

Accommodation For Head Growth In Pediatric Cochlear Implantation, David Ryan Marks

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Eddy Momentum And Heat Ftuxes And Their Effects On The Circulation Of The Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Harry L. Bryden, Esther C. Brady Jan 1989

Eddy Momentum And Heat Ftuxes And Their Effects On The Circulation Of The Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Harry L. Bryden, Esther C. Brady

Journal of Marine Research

Eddy momentum and heat fluxes are estimated from three-dimensional arrays of long time-series current meter measurements in the equatorial Pacific near 152W and 110W during 1979 to 1981. Eddies transport eastward momentum away from the equator above the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent; they transport eastward momentum toward the equator below the Undercurrent core. The vertical integral of the eddy momentum flux divergence is equivalent to a westward wind stress of 0.16 dyne cm–2. Eddies transport heat toward the equator at all depths down to 250 m. At 100 m depth and below, the eddy heat flux convergences …

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Low Frequency Variability In The Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, Gordon Mertz, Mohammed I. El-Sabh, Vladimir G. Koutitonsky Jan 1989

Low Frequency Variability In The Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, Gordon Mertz, Mohammed I. El-Sabh, Vladimir G. Koutitonsky

Journal of Marine Research

The lower St. Lawrence Estuary is a good example of wide estuaries with a second lateral boundary within several internal Rossby radii. We compare direct measurements from the 1979 lower St. Lawrence estuary mesoscale current meter array with satellite thermal images observed during the same period. The current field appears to show two quasi-steady states: one configuration is characterized by strong outflow along the north shore of the estuary with a transverse front at the mouth. The other current pattern is more typical of estuaries, with inflow along the north shore and outflow along the south shore. Transitions between these …

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On The Contribution Of The Benthos To Pelagic Production, Peter H. Doering Jan 1989

On The Contribution Of The Benthos To Pelagic Production, Peter H. Doering

Journal of Marine Research

Annual production and consumption of oxygen were compared in large outdoor mesocosms differing only in the presence or absence of an intact benthic community and associated sediments. Both daily apparent production and nighttime respiration of oxygen were greater in tanks with a benthos. The fluxes of oxygen into, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen out of the bottom were also greater in tanks with an intact benthos. In tanks with a benthos, calculated gross system production increased 33% relative to tanks lacking a benthos. Depending on assumed O:N ratios only 45–60% of this increase was attributable to differences in the flux of …

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Chaetognaths And Oceanography On Georges Bank, R. Gregory Lough, Ronald W. Trites Jan 1989

Chaetognaths And Oceanography On Georges Bank, R. Gregory Lough, Ronald W. Trites

Journal of Marine Research

A dense breeding population of chaetognaths, Sagitta elegans, was observed on northeastern Georges Bank during autumn, 1978. Four grid surveys conducted on the northeast region of the Bank over the period 17-30 October 1978 revealed that the high concentration "patch" of adult S. elegans. about 56 km on long axis, remained essentially on the eastern part of the grid in weakly stratified water of 67 m average depth. Current meter measurements indicated residual flow to the southeast sufficiently high to transport a passively drifting organism out of the area over the two weeks of study. Discrete vertical sampling showed that …

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A Numerical Study Of Wind Forcing Of Eddies And Jets In The California Current System, Mary L. Batteen, Robert L. Haney, Terrance A. Tielking, Philip G. Renaud Jan 1989

A Numerical Study Of Wind Forcing Of Eddies And Jets In The California Current System, Mary L. Batteen, Robert L. Haney, Terrance A. Tielking, Philip G. Renaud

Journal of Marine Research

A high-resolution, multi-level, primitive equation ocean model is used to examine the response to wind forcing of an idealized flat-bottomed oceanic regime along an eastern ocean boundary. A band of steady alongshore, upwelling favorable winds, either with or without alongshore variability, is used as forcing on both an f-plane and a, β-plane. In each experiment a wind-driven equatorward coastal jet and a poleward undercurrent are generated. In time the coastal jet and undercurrent become unstable and lead to the development of eddies and jets with relatively strong onshore and offshore directed flows. The alongshore variation in alongshore wind …

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On The Barotropic Planetary Oscillations Of The Pacific, Arthur J. Miller Jan 1989

On The Barotropic Planetary Oscillations Of The Pacific, Arthur J. Miller

Journal of Marine Research

Free linear solutions of the barotropic shallow-water equations are computed for a variety of basin shapes and topographies relevant to the Pacific Ocean. Attention is drawn to the 2-day to 6-day period band within which large-scale coherency is observed in Pacific tide-gauge records of sea level. In a particular model basin with realistic topography, the fundamental planetary mode of the Pacific occurs with a period of 3 days and four other planetary-topographic modes populate the 4–6 day period band. We argue that the frequencies and structures of these modes are representative of the largest-scale vorticity oscillations of the Pacific and …

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