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A Simple Model Of The ‘Joint Effect Of Baroclinicity And Relief’ On Ocean Circulation, Rick Salmon, Rupert Ford Jan 1995

A Simple Model Of The ‘Joint Effect Of Baroclinicity And Relief’ On Ocean Circulation, Rick Salmon, Rupert Ford

Journal of Marine Research

We offer a simple model for studying the joint effect of baroclinicity and relief (jebar) on large-scale ocean circulation, based upon the planetary geostrophic equations. Applying a Galerkin approximation to the buoyancy equation, and asssuming that the temperature diffusion and vertical stratification are weak, we obtain a simple relation between the ocean temperature and the streamfunction ψ for the vertically-averaged horizontal transport. Substituting this relation back into the vertically-averaged vorticity equation yields a single, generally nonlinear equation for ψ, in which jebar corresponds to a clockwise ‘advection’ of ψ along the continental slope (for the realistic case of temperature increasing …

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Relative Angular Momentum Balances Of Quasi-Geostrophic Circulation Models, Patrick F. Cummins Jan 1995

Relative Angular Momentum Balances Of Quasi-Geostrophic Circulation Models, Patrick F. Cummins

Journal of Marine Research

Calculations of the local vertical component of relative angular momentum are considered for quasi-geostrophic circulation models. The angular momentum diagnostic measures the net horizontal spin of the flow within an ocean basin and complements traditional budgets of energy, vorticity and linear momentum. In particular, the diagnostic can help identify the role of bottom topographic stresses in driving ocean circulation. Calculations of torque balances are presented for several numerical experiments with single-layer and multi-layer models. Experiments with an idealized continental slope topography develop a cyclonic circulation in the abyssal layer which is driven by a significant topographic form torque.

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On The Organic Carbon Maximum On The Continental Slope Of The Eastern Arabian Sea, S. E. Calvert, T. F. Pedersen, P. D. Naidu, U. Von Stackelberg Jan 1995

On The Organic Carbon Maximum On The Continental Slope Of The Eastern Arabian Sea, S. E. Calvert, T. F. Pedersen, P. D. Naidu, U. Von Stackelberg

Journal of Marine Research

The sedimentary organic carbon maximum on the continental slope off western India is widely believed to be due to the preferential preservation of deposited organic matter at water depths where the intense oxygen minimum intersects the sea floor. This region is considered to constitute one of the modern analogues for the environment of formation of organic-rich sedimentary facies that are common in the geological record. We critically examine the hypothesis that the oxygen minimum in the eastern Arabian Sea is the site of enhanced organic matter accumulation and preservation using analyses of suites of samples with wide geographical coverage along …

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Lateral Entrainment In Baroclinic Currents Ii, Melvin E. Stern, Jean-Raymond Bidlot Jan 1995

Lateral Entrainment In Baroclinic Currents Ii, Melvin E. Stern, Jean-Raymond Bidlot

Journal of Marine Research

The strong mesoscale velocity fluctuations (“eddies”) observed in the deep Gulf Stream region may be dynamically necessary to incorporate the Recirculation Gyres which account for the downstream increase in transport. The eddy-current interaction leading to entrainment is studied in a two layer quasi-geostrophic model with piecewise uniform potential vorticity. It is shown that the volume entrained by a bottom eddy of strength Γ*2 initially located near the edge of a bottom current depends mainly on the lateral shear s2 of this current, rather than on the much stronger shear of the upper layer. It is suggested that the …

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Formation And Discharge Of Deep And Bottom Water In The Northwestern Weddell Sea, Eberhard Fahrbach, Gerd Rohardt, Norbert Scheele, Michael Schröder, Volker Strass, Andreas Wisotzki Jan 1995

Formation And Discharge Of Deep And Bottom Water In The Northwestern Weddell Sea, Eberhard Fahrbach, Gerd Rohardt, Norbert Scheele, Michael Schröder, Volker Strass, Andreas Wisotzki

Journal of Marine Research

Deep and bottom water formation in the Weddell Sea is the major source of the bottom water of the world ocean. Measurements made in the northwestern Weddell Sea between 1989 and 1993 during the ‘Weddell Gyre Study’ indicate that the outflow of young bottom water with the western boundary current of the Weddell Gyre is dominated by a rather fresh water mass which obtains its thermohaline characteristics by mixing of deep water with a flow from the shelf in front of the Larsen Ice Shelf. The more saline source water mass, which is necessary to maintain the thermohaline properties of …

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Parameter Optimization And Analysis Of Ecosystem Models Using Simulated Annealing: A Case Study At Station P, Richard J. Matear Jan 1995

Parameter Optimization And Analysis Of Ecosystem Models Using Simulated Annealing: A Case Study At Station P, Richard J. Matear

Journal of Marine Research

A simulated annealing optimization algorithm is formulated to optimize parameters of ecosystem models. The optimization is used to directly determine the model parameters required to reproduce the observed data. The optimization routine is formulated in a general manner and is easily modified to include additional information on both the desired model output and the model parameters. From the optimization routine, error analysis of the optimal parameters is provided by the error-covariance matrix which gives both the sensitivity of the model to each model parameter and the correlation coefficients between all pairs of model parameters. In addition, the optimization analysis provides …

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Active And Passive Processes Associated With Initial Settlement And Post-Settlement Dispersal Of Suspended Meiobenthic Copepods, J. W. Fleeger, P. O. Yund, B. Sun Jan 1995

Active And Passive Processes Associated With Initial Settlement And Post-Settlement Dispersal Of Suspended Meiobenthic Copepods, J. W. Fleeger, P. O. Yund, B. Sun

Journal of Marine Research

Settlement by suspended meiofaunal copepods into shallow depressions was investigated in a large, recirculating laboratory flume. Initial settlement was examined under various near-bottom flow regimes, and the interaction of flow with post-settlement behavior was investigated. Cylindrical depressions of constant depth were constructed with a range of aspect ratios (diameter and depth combinations) to mimic natural microtopographic features. Copepods were released into the flume (at nominal flows of 2, 5 and 7 cm sec−1), and settlement/ distribution in the mimic pits was observed. Four experiments were conducted using a total of five species. The first tested for copepod substrate …

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A Transatlantic Section At 14.5n: Meridional Volume And Heat Fluxes, Birgit Klein, Robert L. Molinari, Thomas J. Müller, Gerold Siedler Jan 1995

A Transatlantic Section At 14.5n: Meridional Volume And Heat Fluxes, Birgit Klein, Robert L. Molinari, Thomas J. Müller, Gerold Siedler

Journal of Marine Research

Two high-resolution hydrographic sections occupied during February, March 1989 in the western and eastern basins of the North Atlantic at 14.5N are combined to study the water mass structure and meridional mass and heat transports. Absolute velocities were determined using these data and an earlier section at 8N in a linear inverse analysis. Mass balance for several layers representing the main water masses in the region and a zero net divergence for the sum of geostrophic and Ekman transport between the two sections are assumed. Using the annual mean of Ekman transports (13.6 Sv, 14.5N), (15.2 Sv, 8N) based on …

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Lateral Mixing Of The Mediterranean Water In The Eastern North Atlantic, M. Arhan, B. King Jan 1995

Lateral Mixing Of The Mediterranean Water In The Eastern North Atlantic, M. Arhan, B. King

Journal of Marine Research

Analysis of the salinity distribution along three quasi-meridional hydrographic sections in the eastern North Atlantic shows that different mesoscale processes act to mix the Mediterranean Water with the adjacent water masses. In the region of transition with the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the south, the salt transport by the meddies seems to account for most of the observed lateral diffusive exchanges at the large scale. In the north these exchanges are contributed to by parcels of both Mediterranean Water and Subarctic Intermediate Water travelling on average in opposite directions. Also in the north but at a deeper level, transition with …

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Analysis Of The Barotropic Model Of The Subtropical Gyre In The Ocean For Finite Reynolds Numbers. Part I, V. M. Kamenkovich, V. A. Sheremet, A. R. Pastushkov, S. O. Belotserkovsky Jan 1995

Analysis Of The Barotropic Model Of The Subtropical Gyre In The Ocean For Finite Reynolds Numbers. Part I, V. M. Kamenkovich, V. A. Sheremet, A. R. Pastushkov, S. O. Belotserkovsky

Journal of Marine Research

A barotropic time-dependent model of the wind-driven currents in the subtropical region of the ocean was considered taking both nonlinearity and lateral friction into account. The boundary conditions are the impermeability at all boundaries, no-slip at the coasts and slip at the fluid boundaries. It is shown that the solution of the problem is characterized by two nondimensional parameters ε (the ratio of width of the inertial boundary layer to a basin dimension) and R (Reynolds number for the boundary layer). A series of numerical experiments is discussed with fixed ε = 0.01 and varying R to analyze the joint …

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A Decadal Oscillation Due To The Coupling Between An Ocean Circulation Model And A Thermodynamic Sea-Ice Model, Sheng Zhang, Charles A. Lin, Richard J. Greatbatch Jan 1995

A Decadal Oscillation Due To The Coupling Between An Ocean Circulation Model And A Thermodynamic Sea-Ice Model, Sheng Zhang, Charles A. Lin, Richard J. Greatbatch

Journal of Marine Research

3-dimensional, planetary-geostrophic, ocean general circulation model is coupled to a thermodynamic sea-ice model. The thermal coupling takes account of the insulating effect of the ice. A simple approach is taken in the case of the freshwater flux by allowing this to pass through the ice, except that some is used for snow accumulation. It is then modified by salinity rejection/dilution due to freezing/melting. The model has idealized box geometry extending 60° in both latitude and longitude, with a horizontal resolution of 2° and 14 vertical levels. Annual mean surface forcings are used. The coupled system is first spun up using …

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Mesoscale Distribution Of Zooplankton In The California Current In Late Spring, Observed By Optical Plankton Counter, Mark E. Huntley, Meng Zhou, Walter Nordhausen Jan 1995

Mesoscale Distribution Of Zooplankton In The California Current In Late Spring, Observed By Optical Plankton Counter, Mark E. Huntley, Meng Zhou, Walter Nordhausen

Journal of Marine Research

A survey of zooplankton in the upper 300 m of the central California Current, from the coastal shelf to 128W and between 36.5N and 39.5N, was conducted in early June 1993 using an Optical Plankton Counter (OPC) as part of an interdisciplinary study of mesoscale ocean circulation and biological dynamics. The OPC was part of a multi-instrument package towed on an undulating vehicle (SeaSoar). Estimates of normalized size spectra and absolute abundance from OPC data compared favorably with measurements based on Bongo net catches. After processing, the standardized OPC data set provides a resolution of ≈7 km in the horizontal …

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An Internal Model-Based Approach To Market Risk Capital Requirements, Bank For International Settlements (Bis) Jan 1995

An Internal Model-Based Approach To Market Risk Capital Requirements, Bank For International Settlements (Bis)

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No abstract provided.

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The Nordic Banking Crises: Pitfalls In Financial Liberalizations?, Burkhard Drees, Ceyla Pazarbasioglu Jan 1995

The Nordic Banking Crises: Pitfalls In Financial Liberalizations?, Burkhard Drees, Ceyla Pazarbasioglu

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European I Department and Monetary and Exchange Affairs Department

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Long-Term Outcomes Of Infants Identified As Being At High Risk Of Maltreatment, Jilda N. Vargus Jan 1995

Long-Term Outcomes Of Infants Identified As Being At High Risk Of Maltreatment, Jilda N. Vargus

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Unemployment And Liquidity Constraints, Vassilis A. Hajivassiliou, Yannis M. Ioannides Jan 1995

Unemployment And Liquidity Constraints, Vassilis A. Hajivassiliou, Yannis M. Ioannides

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

In this paper we propose a modelling approach for labor supply and consumption decisions that is firmly grounded within a utility maximizing framework and allows for a role of such institutional constraints as limited access to borrowing and involuntary unemployment. We report estimations for a system of dynamic probit models with data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. These estimations test broad predictions of the theoretical model. One of our models describes a household’s propensity to be liquidity constrained in a given period. The second is a dynamic ordered probit model for a labor constraint indicator describing qualitative aspects …

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Delay To Hospital Arrival After Acute Myocardial Infarction In A Population-Based Sample Of Elderly Persons, John Paul Sverha Jan 1995

Delay To Hospital Arrival After Acute Myocardial Infarction In A Population-Based Sample Of Elderly Persons, John Paul Sverha

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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A Transcranial Doppler Study Comparing Cerebrovascular Reactivity In Patients With Acute Stroke And Transient Ischemic Attack, Norman Whitmire Jr. Jan 1995

A Transcranial Doppler Study Comparing Cerebrovascular Reactivity In Patients With Acute Stroke And Transient Ischemic Attack, Norman Whitmire Jr.

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Galenic Heritage In The Neuroanatomy Of Avicenna's Canon Of Medicine, Gregory Peter Licholai Jan 1995

Galenic Heritage In The Neuroanatomy Of Avicenna's Canon Of Medicine, Gregory Peter Licholai

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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The Ultrasonographic Differentiation Of Obstructive Vs. Nonobstructive Hydronephrosis In Children, Barbara Marie García Jan 1995

The Ultrasonographic Differentiation Of Obstructive Vs. Nonobstructive Hydronephrosis In Children, Barbara Marie García

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Domestic Violence Admissions To Sopas Adventist Hospital, Enga Province, Papua New Guinea, Johnnie Yates Jan 1995

Domestic Violence Admissions To Sopas Adventist Hospital, Enga Province, Papua New Guinea, Johnnie Yates

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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The City Of London: A World Of Its Own (1815-1890), David Kynaston Jan 1995

The City Of London: A World Of Its Own (1815-1890), David Kynaston

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No abstract provided.

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First No, Then Yes: The Danish Referendums On The Maastricht Treaty 1992 And 1993, Torben Worre Jan 1995

First No, Then Yes: The Danish Referendums On The Maastricht Treaty 1992 And 1993, Torben Worre

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No abstract provided.

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Ending The Bank Support, Unknown Jan 1995

Ending The Bank Support, Unknown

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No abstract provided.

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Annual Report From Arsenal In 1995, Arsenal Ltd Finnish Asset Management Company Jan 1995

Annual Report From Arsenal In 1995, Arsenal Ltd Finnish Asset Management Company

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No abstract provided.

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Bank Of Finland 76th Year Book Report On Activities In 1995, Suomen Pankki/Central Bank Of Finland Jan 1995

Bank Of Finland 76th Year Book Report On Activities In 1995, Suomen Pankki/Central Bank Of Finland

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No abstract provided.

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Oecd Economic Surveys: Mexico 1995, Organisation For Economic Co-Operation And Development (Oecd) Jan 1995

Oecd Economic Surveys: Mexico 1995, Organisation For Economic Co-Operation And Development (Oecd)

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No abstract provided.

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Annual Report Of The Resolution Trust Corporation – 1994, Resolution Trust Corporation Jan 1995

Annual Report Of The Resolution Trust Corporation – 1994, Resolution Trust Corporation

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No abstract provided.

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Financial Market Reform In The Czech Republic, 1991-1994: The Revival Of Repression?, Raj M. Desai Jan 1995

Financial Market Reform In The Czech Republic, 1991-1994: The Revival Of Repression?, Raj M. Desai

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No abstract provided.

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Mexico's Banks After The December 1994 Devaluation--A Chronology Of The Government's Response, Roy A. Karaoglan, Mike Lubrano Jan 1995

Mexico's Banks After The December 1994 Devaluation--A Chronology Of The Government's Response, Roy A. Karaoglan, Mike Lubrano

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No abstract provided.

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