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Isopycnic Analysis Of Current Flow By Means Of Identifying Properties, Albert Eide Parr

Journal of Marine Research

With regard to the identifying properties by which, in the writer's opinion, the actual trajectories of ocean currents can be more confidently traced than by the dynamic topographic method (see preceding acticle, Parr 1938, a) nothing much needs to be said in the present article. To the extent that these properties do serve to identify water masses of the same derivation in the course of their movement and their gradual changes, and do differentiate these water masses from those of other origins, the validity of the conclusions to be drawn from a study of the distribution of these properties would …

On The Validity Of The Dynamic Topographic Method For The Determination Of Ocean Current Trajectories, Albert Eide Parr

Journal of Marine Research

In a previously published statement (P arr 1937, b) the writer has listed the main reasons why, in the present state-of our knowledge of the actual as distinct from the ideal dynamics of ocean currents, he feels inclined to take greater confidence in the evidence of the actual paths of flow obtained from a study of the identifying properties of the water masses, than in the conclusions reached by present efforts to deduce the trajectories of motion from hydrodynamic calculations and considerations. In this article a further elaboration and elucidation of these objections against the unrestricted use of dynamic methods …

On The Mutual Adjustment Of Pressure And Velocity Distributions In Certain Simple Current Systems, Ii, C. G. Rossby

Journal of Marine Research

In a previous report (Rossby, 1937) the author investigated certain changes in the mass distribution which accompany t he slow lateral diffusion of momentum in a straight parallel current in an unlimited ocean of constant depth. The principal results of this investigation may be st ated as follows:...

The Occurance And Distribution Of Nitrfying Bacteria In The Sea, Cornella L. Carey

Journal of Marine Research

Of all the phases in the cycle of nitrogen in the sea perhaps that of the oxidation of ammonia has received the most attention, and yet many questions related to this process are still unsettled. Evidences of nitrifying bacteria have been found in marine bottom materials, particularly in shallower waters, but their presence in the water and plankton of the ocean has not been established....

Plankton Studies I. A Preliminary Investigation Of The Plankton Of The Tortugas Region, Gordon A. Riley

Journal of Marine Research

This is the first of a series of papers dealing with the plankton of two regions----the T ortugas and Long Island Sound----which are both shallow water areas but are otherwise extremely diverse in their ecological characteristics….

Volume 6. Article 5. A Contribution To The Life Histories Of Atlantic Ocean Flyingfishes., C. M. Breder Jr.

Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection

No abstract provided.

Light Penetration In The Caribbean Sea And In The Gulf Of Mexico, George L. Clarke

Journal of Marine Research

The growing interest in the intensity of light beneath the surface of the ocean from both the physical and the biological points of view has resulted in further efforts to obtain reliable measurements under widely differing conditions and in a variety of locations. For the most part, however, these measurements have been made in northern waters and have been confined largely to coastal regions. There has resulted a paucity of precise observations in the tropical parts of the ocean. The work of Grein (1913-14) in the Mediterranean produced highly irregular results (cf. Atkins, 1932). Certain visual observations have been made …

A Bathythermograph, Athelstan F. Spilhaus

Journal of Marine Research

In the study of the homogeneous layer in the ocean, Rossby1 found it desirable to have an instrument which would provide a continuous record of temperature against pressure in the surface layers of the ocean. A preliminary instrument named an "oceanograph" was constructed and used during the summer of 1934. The manifold uses to which such an instrument could be put presaged a widespread employment of the apparatus. This, however, did not come about because of certain inherent difficulties in Rossby's design. The record was made on a large smoked foil, and thus entailed the attachment of multiplying linkages to …

On The Process Of Upwelling, H. U. Sverdrup

Journal of Marine Research

The phenomenon of upwelling which is present along many coasts has been discussed from various points of view. A general explanation of the phenomenon has been given by application of Ekman's theory of winddriven currents (Thorade, 1909; McEwen, 1912), and emphasis has been put on the velocity of the vertical motion (McEwen, 1934) or on the depth from which water is brought to the surface (Gunther, 1936; Sverdrup, 1930)....

Fluctuations In Monthly Sea Level On Eastern U.S. Coast As Related To Dynamics Of Western North Atlantic Ocean, R. B. Montgomery

Journal of Marine Research

In the determination of the pressure and velocity distributions in the oceans, very little use has heretofore been made of the observations of sea level available from the many permanent tidal stations. Insofar as the tidal stations have been interconnected by accurate leveling surveys, such observations would aid in the determination of absolute pressure and velocity distributions....

Some Energy Relations Between The Sea Surface And The Atmosphere, George F. Mcewen

Journal of Marine Research

Interrelations between processes of radiation, convection, and evaporation near the sea surface are determined quantitatively, for the North P acific Ocean. The object was to investigate these processes of heat changes as a whole rather than to consider any one of them in detail. In particular, revised values of a coefficient giving the time rate of temperature change were determined for use in a method of calculating surface currents from temperature. Observations of a twenty-year series of North Pacific Ocean surface temperatures in an eastern area extending from latitude 20° to 50° were selected so as to be least influenced …

On The Hydrographic Mechanism Of The So-Called Brown Zones Associated With Tidal Glaciers, C. H. Hartley, M. J. Dunbar

Journal of Marine Research

The presence of zones of muddy, ice-free water at the sea faces of tidal glaciers has been recorded from Alaska (Gilbert, 1910), and from Spitzbergen (Stott, 1936). In view of their great significance in local ecology an understanding of the causes of these so-called "Brown Zones" seemed desirable and the problem of their establishment was first attacked hydrographically by the Oxford University Expedition to Spitzbergen, in 1933....

Bacteria As Food For Certain Marine Inverebrates, Claude E. Zobell, Catharine B. Feltham

Journal of Marine Research

Because of their ability to convert dissolved organic matter into cell substances and to synthesize protoplasm below the depths to which radiant energy penetrates sea water, bacteria may play an important role in the nutrition of marine animals. It has been well established experimentally that bacteria serve as an important source of food supply for protozoa (Luck et al, 1931) but it is not definitely known to what extent they may play a role in the nutrition of higher forms of animal life....

Studies On The Isolation Of Bacteria-Free Cultures Of Marine Phytoplankton, Claude E. Zobell, J. Harold Long

Journal of Marine Research

Physiological studies on phytoplankton such as nitrogen assimilation requires the use of pure cultures. It is a matter of relative ease to separate the various forms and cultivate them under artificial conditions but difficulty is frequently encountered in freeing the phytoplankton of contaminating bacteria.

Analysis Of Current Profiles By A Study Of Pycnomeric Distortion And Identifying Properties, A. E. Parr

Journal of Marine Research

It has, of course, always been recognized that one of the greatest uncertainties of dynamic oceanographic calculations is that which results from the necessity of selecting without definite evidence a surface of assumed zero motion to which the calculated relative velocities can be referred for evaluation in absolute terms....

Bulletin Of Yale University The School Of Nursing 1938-1939, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 35, Number 6

December 1, 1938

The Relation Of Dissolved Oxygen To Nitrogen In Some Atlantic Waters, Norris W. Rakestraw, Victor M. Emmel

Journal of Marine Research

The use of the oxygen content of sea water to indicate the state of biological activity has become such common practice that one is apt to lose sight of the fact that it is subject to certain qualifications….

Volume 6. Article 4. Further Observations On The Hydrography Of The Eastern Caribbean And Adjacent Atlantic Waters., Albert Eide Parr

Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection

No abstract provided.

Alumnae News, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Alumni Newsletters and Magazines

No abstract provided.

On The Evaporation From The Oceans, H. U. Sverdrup

Journal of Marine Research

In a preceding paper… the author attempted a computation of the evaporation from the sea on the basis of the assumptions that: 1. A boundary layer exists next to the surface within which transport of water vapor takes place by ordinary diffusion. 2. Above the boundary layer the transport of water vapor takes place by eddy conductivity. 3. The eddy conductivity, A, is, according to laboratory results, a linear function of the altitude above the sea and depends upon the roughness of the surface….

The Significance Of The Mississippi River Drainage For Biological Conditions In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Gordon A. Riley

Journal of Marine Research

Plankton collections and bottom hauls made during the 1935 expedition of the "Atlantis" to the Gulf of Mexico suggested that there is a zone of high productivity in the shallow water area near the mouth of the Mississippi, and since the effect of river outflow on ocean life is a phase of marine biology which has not yet received adequate attention, further investigation seemed desirable.

Note On The Flow Of Streams In A Rotating System, Athelstan F. Spilhaus

Journal of Marine Research

Certain similarity of' the observed fl ow in the ocean and in the atmospherr to the behavior of' a wake stream, for which a complete, experimentally verified theory is available (1), led Rossby (2) to initiate the extension of the wake stream idea first to a rotating system and secondly, to a stratified medium. Several interesting predictions were made by Rossby as a result of his theoretica l investigation; and it was the purpose of the experiments carried out by the autho1, to in vestigate to what extent these predictions could be verified in the laboratory. The experiments were of …

Seasonal Variations In The Surface Waters Of San Juan Channel During The Five Year Period, January 1931 To December 30, 1935, Lyman D. Phifer, Thomas G. Thompson

Journal of Marine Research

Although there is a mass of data available on the physical and chemical properties of sea water in various part., of the world, relatively little data may be had from localities where continuous long time observations have been made. At the Oceanographic Laboratories on San Juan Channel near Friday Harbor, Wash., the water body is unique in that it is rather homogeneous for a depth of 100 meters. We propose to demonstrate the yearly and seasonal variations and fluctuations of the physical and chemical properties, and the phytoplankton calendar of this water mass and to determine if long time periodicities …

The Sex-Ratio In Alternational Hermaphrodites, With Especial Reference To The Determination Of Rate Of Reversal Of Sexual Phase In Oviparous Oysters, Martin D. Burkenroad

Journal of Marine Research

In a population in which the sexual nature of the individuals is not subject to change, the sex-ratio of a given brood as determinable in practice may be different at different times if there is a differential rate of maturation for the two sexes, or a differential death rate. Excluding from present consideration the periods in the life of the population at whi ch these differentials may operate, however, the sex-ratio of the brood at any given time shou ld be identical with that at any other time....

Preface, A. E. Parr

Journal of Marine Research

The Journal of Marine Research is intended particularly as an outlet for shorter articles on any aspect of scientific marine investigations or ·any subject with a direct or indirect bearing upon the problems of the sea. Due to the intimate connection and mutual relationship between hydrospheric and atmospheric events in nature, and to the virtual identity of dynamic methods and principles in Meteorology and Oceanography, contributions to physical meteorological theory in general and to our knowledge about the relationship between ocean and air, in particular will be considered equally pertinent to marine as to meteorological research, and therefore within the …

On The Mutual Adjustment Of Pressure And Velocity Distributions In Certain Simple Current Systems, C. G. Rossby

Journal of Marine Research

The writer (J) recently advanced the hypothesis that the horizontal pressure gradients observed in the current systems of the atmosphere and the ocean to a large extent must be interpreted as reactions to the Coriolis' forces impressed upon these systems by the rotation of the earth. Observational support for this point of view was found in the fact that both the temperature-salinity and oxygen-salinity correlation curves obtained from stations on both sides of the Gulf Stream in the region between Nova Scotia and Bermuda are very nearly identical, even though the individual isotherms may drop as much as 700 meters …

Volume 6. Article 1. A Contribution To The Chemistry Of The Caribbean And Cayman Seas., Norris W. Rakestraw, Homer P. Smith

Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection

No abstract provided.

Bulletin Of Yale University The School Of Nursing 1937-1938, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 34, Number 2

October 1, 1937

The Influence Of Soil Profile Horizons On Root Distribution Of White Pine (Pinus Strobus), Harold J. Lutz, Joseph B. Ely Jr., Silas Little Jr.

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

Alumnae News, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Alumni Newsletters and Magazines

No abstract provided.