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Modeling The Variability Of The Somali Current, D. L. T. Anderson, D. J. Carrington, R. Corry, C. Gordon

Journal of Marine Research

The dynamics of the Somali Current system during the southwest Monsoon are investigated using a 16 level general circulation model. Solutions are found for a number of model geometries and wind-forcing patterns. The first integrations reported use a model domain exactly equivalent to that of the layer model of McCreary and Kundu allowing a direct comparison between the level and layer models. In the second set of integrations a more realistic Indian Ocean geometry is used, but still with an idealized wind forcing, while in the third, the Hellerman and Rosenstein wind stresses are used to simulate the seasonal cycle. …

On The Structure And Stability Of The Alaskan Stream, R. K. Reed, F. I. Gonzalez, L. Miller

Journal of Marine Research

Data from a year-long current mooring in the central region of the Alaskan Stream revealed an extremely stable flow unlike that in typical western boundary currents. Hydrographic and ADCP data also showed a simple flow free of excursions or eddies. These findings are in good agreement with a recent analytical model of the Stream. In addition, GEOSAT altimeter estimates of variability are consistent with the observations, suggesting that the results are valid in spite of the relatively large corrections applied at these high latitudes.

Control Of Deep-Sea Benthic Community Structure By Oxygen And Organic-Matter Gradients In The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Lisa A. Levin, Cynthia L. Huggett, Karen F. Wishner

Journal of Marine Research

At boundaries of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), bathyal faunas experience steep gradients in oxygen and organic-matter availability. The present study compares changes in microbial, meiofaunal, macrofaunal and megafaunal benthic assemblages along these gradients on Volcano 7, a 2.3-km high seamount in the eastern tropical Pacific. Faunal tolerance to dysaerobic (low oxygen) conditions varies with organism size; microbial and meiofaunal abundances are less affected than macro- and megafaunal abundances. At the exceedingly low concentrations (<0.1 ml/l) encountered on the upper summit of Volcano 7, oxygen appears to exert primary control over abundance, composition and diversity of macrofauna, overriding other factors such as food availability and sediment grain size. When oxygen concentration is sufficient, food availability in sediments (indicated by the presence of labile material such as chlorophyll a) is highly correlated with meiofaunal and macrofaunal abundance. Four distinct physical zones were identified on Volcano 7: (1) the coarse-grained upper summit zone (730–770 …

Like Father, Like Son: Gender Differences In Household Resource Allocations, Duncan Thomas

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Sociocultural Variables In The Diagnosis Of Schizophrenia Among Inpatients, Ngozi Babette Okezie

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteases (Timp) As The Unifying Entity In The Etiology Of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, Ellis Lorenzo Webster

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Antisense Oligonucleotides : Psoralen Photoreactivity And Enzymatic Resistance, Steven Jay Ugent

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Muscle Strain Injury : An In Vitro Study Of Stretch Rate Dependence In Elongation To Failure, Richard Evan Gellman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

The Climatological Seasonal Circulation Of The Mediterranean Sea, Eli Tziperman, Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli

Journal of Marine Research

The horizontal circulation of the upper 800 m of the Mediterranean Sea is calculated from a seasonal climatological hydrographic data set using a simple inverse model. The results show a fairly steady surface circulation in the western Mediterranean and a somewhat stronger seasonal signal in the surface circulation of the eastern Mediterranean. The deep flow field can be calculated for most of the Mediterranean, except for the Levantine basin east of Crete, where the high noise level in the data masks the deep circulation. The calculated deep velocity field (below 500 m) shows some interesting features, including several steady cyclonic …

A Carbon Budget For A Eutrophic Marine Ecosystem And The Role Of Sulfur Metabolism In Sedimentary Carbon, Oxygen And Energy Dynamics, P. Sampou, C. A. Oviatt

Journal of Marine Research

Organic carbon was budgeted for an experimental marine ecosystem which received 21.2 mol C m^–2 of allochthonous sewage sludge plus 12.4 mol C m^–2 in situ net daytime production over a 99 day experiment. The fate of carbon, in order of importance, was remineralization, storage in the sediments and export. Sediment carbon metabolism was dominated by sulfate reduction which resulted in the dissociation of organic carbon remineralization from oxygen consumption and energy cycling. The sediments were inefficient in processing sedimented carbon and its associated chemical energy. About 70% of the energy reaching the sediments as organic carbon remained …

Expatriation Of Xyrichtys Novacula (Pisces: Labridae) Larvae: Evidence Of Rapid Cross-Slope Exchange, Jonathan A. Hare, Robert K. Cowen

Journal of Marine Research

Larvae of Xyrichtys novacula (Pisces: Labridae) have been collected in the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) hundreds of kilometers north of reported adult ranges by both the Marine Monitoring and Assessment Program (MARMAP) and by our ichthyoplankton cruises. These larvae could be from a previously unknown population north of Cape Hatteras or they could have been transported north from southern populations. In order to examine these two hypotheses both biological and physical oceanographic data were considered, including size-specific larval distribution, larval age, vertical distribution of larvae, satellite imagery of sea surface temperature, and temperature and salinity measurements. Larvae captured during our …

The Kinetics Of Organic Matter Mineralization In Anoxic Marine Sediments, David J. Burdige

Journal of Marine Research

The kinetics of sulfate reduction and inorganic nutrient production (ΣCO₂, ammonium, and phosphate) were examined in the sediments at five sites in the southern Chesapeake Bay, using long term (> 200 d) sediment decomposition experiments. Average first order rate constants for these processes (at 25°C) decreased from 8.2 to 3.7 yr^–1 in the surface sediments (0–2 cm), to 2.1 to 0.2 yr^–1 at 12–14 cm. The C/N and C/P ratios of the organic matter undergoing decomposition also increased with depth at these sites. Taken together, these results indicate that the reactivity of the organic matter undergoing …

Laminar Separation Of Colliding Western Boundary Currents, Paola Cessi

Journal of Marine Research

A barotropic model is employed to study the dynamics of colliding jets along a western boundary. To isolate the processes at the western wall we use a regional model where two opposing jets are induced by prescribing narrow inflows at the northern and southern edges of the computational domain. The fluid is withdrawn from the domain on the eastern side.

Arrested Fronts, William K. Dewar

Journal of Marine Research

A theory of fronts within the general circulation is discussed. These fronts and their associated jets differ from the more classical picture of boundary jets and their extensions (an example being the Gulf Stream system) in that they occur in the interior of the general circulation. The mechanism at the heart of the frontogenesis is nonlinear beta steepening, which arises from geostrophy in the presence of continuity. Such dynamics have been used in the past in a study of planetary shock waves. It is here argued that these dynamics result in stationary shock fronts in the general circulation. An equation …

Tidal Stirring And Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics In An Estuary, James E. Cloern

Journal of Marine Research

A decade of observation in South San Francisco Bay demonstrates that estuarine phytoplankton biomass fluctuates at the time scale of days to weeks, and that much of this variability is associated with fluctuations in tidal energy. During the spring seasons of every year from 1980–1990, episodic blooms occurred in which phytoplankton biomass rose from a baseline of 2–4 mg chlorophyll a m^–3, peaked at 20–40 mg chlorophyll a m^–3, and then returned to baseline values, all within several weeks. Each episode of biomass increase occurred during neap tides, and each bloom decline coincided with spring tides. …

The Effect Of East River On The Barotropic Motions In Long Island Sound, Kuo-Chuin Wong

Journal of Marine Research

A linearized, frequency-dependent analytical model is developed to examine the effect of East River on the barotropic motions in Long Island Sound. At tidal frequencies, East River creates a slightly imperfect reflecting wall at the western end of Long Island Sound, resulting in moderate reduction in the resonance of the M₂ tide. At subtidal frequencies the presence of East River permits a significant amount of volume exchange through the western end of Long Island Sound, causing large scale adjustments in both the amplitude and the phase of the barotropic flow well into the interior of the Sound. It appears …

A Subsurface Cyclonic Eddy In The Bay Of Bengal, M. T. Babu, Prasanna Kumar, D. P. Rao

Journal of Marine Research

CTD data collected from the northwestern Bay of Bengal during late July 1984 reveal the existence of a cold core subsurface eddy centered at 17°40'N and 85°19'E. The thermal structure observed across the eddy indicates that it was confined to a level well below the mixed layer, between 50 and 300 db, and that it had a diameter of about 200 km. A temperature drop of 4–5°C as compared with the surroundings was observed at the center of the eddy. A plausible mechanism for the eddy generation is baroclinic instability at the interface of two opposing boundary currents present along …

The Influence Of A Changing Bacterial Community On Trace Metal Scavenging In A Deep-Sea Particle Plume, James P. Cowen, Yuan Hui Lui

Journal of Marine Research

An extensive set of particle samples was collected from the extended (nonbuoyant) hydrothermal plume, the distal remnant plume, and the adjacent waters in a transect across the Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. Bacterial capsules comprised the primary species of particulate Mn. However, the data also showed significant shifts in the relative abundance of distinctive subpopulations of this bacterial community, as expressed by several consistently recurring capsule morphologies. The data are discussed with respect to distance from plume origins (relative plume age), total bacterial numbers, experimentally determined scavenging rate constants and total particulate and dissolved Mn. The relative distribution of one …

Bulletin Of Yale University School Of Nursing 1991-1992, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 87, Number 10

September 1, 1991

Diel Migration And Feeding Patterns Of The Chaetognath, Sagitta Friderici, Off The West Coast Of South Africa, Venetia Stuart, Hans M. Verheye

Journal of Marine Research

The vertical distribution patterns of adult and juvenile Sagitta friderici were investigated over a 48 h period, using samples collected at different depth strata with an RMT 1 × 6 net. Juvenile chaetognaths were generally found at depths of less than 50 m throughout the day and night, and exhibited limited diel migration patterns. Adults, on the other hand, migrated more extensively and were generally found below 50 m during the day and scattered throughout the water column or near the surface at night. Using the mean depths at each sampling time, the migration patterns of adult chaetognaths closely followed …

The Use Of Dna Flow Cytometry As A Prognostic Indicator After Local Recurrence In Conservatively Treated Clinical Stage I And Ii Breast Cancers, Margaret M. Toth

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Comparative Analysis Of Alternately Spliced Protein 4.1 Mrnas In Erythroid And Non-Erythroid Hematopoietic Cells, Jean Louise Fraser

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Yale University School Of Medicine, Department Of Surgery Annual Report 1991-1992, Yale School Of Medicine Department Of Surgery

Yale Department of Surgery Bulletins

Annual report for 1991-1992.

Nonlinear General Circulation Of An Ocean Model Driven By Wind With A Stochastic Component, Annalisa Griffa, Sergio Castellari

Journal of Marine Research

The effects of the stochastic component of the large-scale wind on the climatological mean of the nonlinear ocean circulation are studied, using a set of numerical solutions for the single-layer, quasi-geostrophic equation in a closed basin with a flat bottom. In the absence of a steady wind, the purely stochastic wind is found to drive the solutions toward a nonlinear mean flow similar to that of the free system (i.e. without forcing and dissipation). This equilibrium mean flow (Fofonoff flow), is predicted by statistical mechanics and is characterized by a westward interior closed by inertial boundary layers along the coast. …

Micropatchiness, Turbulence And Recruitment In Plankton, Cabell S. Davis, Glenn R. Flierl, P. H. Wiebe, P. J. S. Franks

Journal of Marine Research

A series of models are presented which examine the relative importance of microscale patchiness and turbulence to growth and recruitment in planktonic consumers. The analyses apply over scales from centimeters to meters (e.g. from copepods to fish larvae), and we assume food-limited conditions, since, otherwise, patchiness would not affect growth. A model of individual growth response to fluctuating food is developed which shows that growth is approximately exponential and is linearly related to food concentration. A random walk model reveals that the swimming process can be approximated as a simple diffusion term which, when included in the exponential growth model, …

Similarity Solutions Of The Thermocline Equations, Rick Salmon, Rainer Hollerbach

Journal of Marine Research

We apply symmetry group methods to find the group of transformations of the dependent and independent variables that leave the thermocline equations unchanged, These transformations lead to an optimal subset of sixteen forms of similarity solution, Each form obeys an equation with one fewer dependent variable than the original thermocline equations. Previously obtained similarity solutions, which are based solely upon scaling symmetries, are special cases of just three of these forms. Two of the sixteen forms lead to linear, two-dimensional, advection-diffusion equations for the temperature, Bernoulli functional or potential vorticity. Simple exact solutions contain "internal boundary layers" that resemble the …

A Genetic Approach To The Identification Of Genes Associated With Tumorigenicity In Gliomas, Donna Jean Brezinski-Caliguri

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Assessing Family Planning Cost-Effectiveness: Applicability Of Individual Demand-Program Supply Framework, T. Paul Schultz

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Yale Medicine : Alumni Bulletin Of The School Of Medicine, Fall 1990- Summer 1992, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This volume contains Yale medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.25 (Fall 1990) through v.26 (Summer 1992). Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965).

Digitized with funding from the Arcadia fund, 2017.

Fertility In Rural Sudan: The Effect Of Landholding And Child Mortality, Nour Eldin Maglad

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.