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Low-Density Particles As Potential Nitrogenous Foods For Benthos, Lawrence M. Mayer, Peter A. Jumars, Gary L. Taghon, Stephen A. Macko, Susan Trumbore

Journal of Marine Research

The demonstrated bias of both macrobenthos and fluids to mobilize low-density particles leads to their potential importance as nutritional materials in benthic systems. We fractionated sediments from three coastal regions into low- and high-density separates, and examined both their organic geochemical characteristics and effects on ingestion rates of a deposit feeder. The low-density separates were highly enriched in total organic matter relative to the high-density phases. Enzymatically hydrolyzable protein concentrations in low-density separates were as much as 57-fold higher than the corresponding high-density separates, though some samples from Puget Sound and the Mediterranean Sea showed no enrichment at all. Low-density …

The Recent Return Of The Alaskan Stream To Near Strait, R. K. Reed, P. J. Stabeno

Journal of Marine Research

A hydrocast survey was conducted near the western Aleutian Islands and in the Bering Sea in September 1992. Presence of the Alaskan Stream was indicated by temperatures > 4°C to depths in excess of 200 m. Geopotential topography showed the Alaskan Stream flowing through Near Strait into the Bering Sea, with branches also flowing northward through Amchitka and Buldir passes. Satellite-tracked drifter paths were in general agreement with these features. Transport through Near Strait was ≈5 × 10⁶ m³ s⁻¹. Previous research indicated that the Stream had been absent from the Strait for more than a year. …

Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals And The Pathogenesis Of Catecholamine Cardiomyopathy, Valerie Lynn Ward

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Counter-Regulation Of The Ileal Motility In Rabbit Small Intestine, Stephen John Ferzoco

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Synaptic And Pathway Remodeling Of The Human Hippocampus In Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Matthew Frank Philips

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Steady Wind Forcing Of A Density Front Over A Circular Bank, Glen Gawarkiewicz

Journal of Marine Research

The response of a density front along the edge of a circular bank to steady wind forcing is examined using a primitive equation numerical model. Initially, the fluid is at rest with relatively light, vertically homogeneous water over the bank. The density field is allowed to adjust geostrophically and frictionally for ten days, after which a spatially uniform wind stress is applied for three days. The resulting surface velocity field over the bank is asymmetrical, with a relative maximum on the downwind side of the bank to the left of the wind direction and a relative minimum on the upwind …

The Nonlinear Response Of An Equatorial Ocean To Oscillatory Forcing, Luanne Thompson, Mitsuhiro Kawase

Journal of Marine Research

The effect of upper ocean variability on deep equatorial flow is simulated by prescribing a forcing wave field near the eastern boundary in a one and a half layer shallow water model. Equatorially trapped long Rossby waves are generated by the forcing, have approximately linear dynamics, and propagate westward. Near the western boundary the dynamics are nonlinear, and there is a large mean flow. With forcing symmetric about the equator, the nonlinear response has two distinct phases. When the interior flow in the vicinity of the equator is westward near the western boundary, a poleward flowing western boundary current forms. …

Bulletin Of Yale University School Of Nursing 1993-1994, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 89, Number 10

September 1, 1993

Buoyancy And Wind Forcing Of A Coastal Current, Andreas Münchow, Richard W. Garvine

Journal of Marine Research

Local winds and lateral buoyancy fluxes from estuaries constitute two major forcing mechanisms on the inner continental shelf of the Mid Atlantic Bight on the eastern seaboard of the U.S.A. We report observations of the resulting coastal current that suggest a linear superposition of the wind and buoyancy forced motions. This current, which we term the Delaware Coastal Current, has a mean flow of about 10 cm/s in the direction of Kelvin wave phase propagation. It opposes the generally upwelling favorable local winds there. The same winds, however, force important across-shelf flows that agree qualitatively with Ekman dynamics with Ekman …

An Event History Analysis Of Divorce In China, Zeng Yi, T. Paul Schultz, Wang Deming

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Yale Medicine : Alumni Bulletin Of The School Of Medicine, Fall 1992- Summer 1994, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This volume contains Yale medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.27 (Fall 1992) through v.28 (Summer 1994). Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965).

Digitized with funding from the Arcadia fund, 2017.

Nota Bene; Volume Vi, Number Iii, Yale University Library

Nota Bene

Nota Bene is published during the academic year to acquaint the Yale community and others with the resources of the Yale Library.

A Comparative Study Of Fertility Determinants In Togo And Uganda: A Hazard Model Analysis, Namkee Ahn, Abusaleh Shariff

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Regulation Of Melanogenesis At The Sub-Cellular Level In Cloudman Murine Melanoma Cells, Kenneth Rosenzweig

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The decarboxylation of dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) appears to be a major control point in the biosynthesis of melanin, in particular the conversation of dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA). The recent discovery of a factor, DHICA stablin, that stabilizes DHICA and inhibits its conversion to DHI has added insight into the regulation of this intermediary compound. This study has shown that DHICA stablin activity is present in the melanosomal fraction of Cloudman murine melanoma cells and that this activity was observed by a new method using two complementary decarboxylase assays. When three known decarboxylase stabilizing cofactors (biotin, pyridoxal phosphate, and …

The Relationship Between Local Family Planning Expenditures And Fertility In Thailand, 1976-1981, T. Paul Schultz

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Cross-Cultural Association Between Dietary Animal Protein And Hip Fracture: An Hypothesis, Benjamin Jac Abelow

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Age-adjusted female hip fracture incidence has been noted to be higher in industrialized countries than non-industrialized countries. A possible explanation which has received little attention is that elevated metabolic acid production associated with a high animal protein diet might lead to chronic bone buffering and bone dissolution. In an attempt to examine this hypothesis, cross-cultural variations in animal protein consumption and hip fracture incidence were studied. When female fracture rates derived from 34 published studies in 16 countries were regressed against estimates of dietary animal protein, a strong, positive association was found. This association could not plausibly be explained by …

Characterization Of Pregnancy Induced Changes In Glucose Metabolism, Stacey Ann Berg

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Many reports indicate that pregnancy is a diabetogenic state in which there is both insulin resistance and an exaggerated maternal glucose and insulin response to food ingestion. However, the magnitude of these aberrations and their temporal relationship have not been adequately characterized. This study utilizes the hyperglycemic clamp technique to investigate the insulin secretory response and tissue sensitivity to insulin under hyperglycemic conditions in normal and gestational diabetic pregnancies. Our results indicate that third trimester normal pregnancy is characterized by an increased first phase (108.81+/-13.03 uU/ml) and second phase (228.57+/-43.40 microunits/ml) insulin secretory response as compared to non-pregnant controls (72.93+/-15.76, …

Henry Melson Stommel: 27 September, 1920 - 17 January, 1992, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

Henry Stommel's heart stopped beating shortly after midnight on Friday, January 17, 1992, four days after he had undergone surgery for liver cancer at Deaconness Hospital in Brookline, Mass. His death brought to an end the career of a man who, for 45 years, was the most significant scientific contributor to the development of oceanography and who brought a rare degree of harmony and collegiality to the field.

Integral Equation Approach To Tropical Ocean Dynamics: Part I-Theory And Computational Methods, Marcio L. Vianna, Paulo R. Holvorcem

Journal of Marine Research

In linear, three-dimensional, continuously stratified equatorial β-plane ocean models with arbitrary eastern and western boundaries the shallow water equations for each vertical mode must be solved numerically in the horizontal variables. This paper introduces a new numerical method of solution for the time-Fourier transformed shallow water equations with slip boundary conditions at boundaries of arbitrary geometry. The method is based on a boundary integral equation (BIE) for the pressure perturbation response to the specified wind-stress forcing field. All other dependent variables are expressed as boundary functionals of the pressure perturbation. The kernels of all functionals are constructed from the Green's …

Multi-Year Current Time Series In The Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, Thomas J. Müller, Gerold Siedler

Journal of Marine Research

Time series of currents from an array of 22 subsurface moorings in the Canary and Iberian Basins of the North Atlantic are analyzed with respect to low-frequency variability. The record lengths are usually 1 to 2 years but almost 9 years (site KIEL276, 33N, 22W) in one case. Maximal energies are observed at periods between 50 and 500 days, and high-energy events are found from time to time. The 9-year long series indicates changes in currents with a 3-4 year period, primarily in the zonal component, and anisotropic energy distributions are found for both current components at periods around 200 …

A Thermocline Model For Ocean-Climate Studies, Sheng Zhang, Charles A. Lin, Richard J. Greatbatch

Journal of Marine Research

A 3-dimensional planetary geostrophic (PG) ocean general circulation model in spherical coordinates is formulated to examine the thermocline structure and thermohaline circulation of an idealized ocean basin. The model equations consist of full prognostic temperature and salinity equations and diagnostic momentum equations. A simple linear friction is used to close the barotropic circulation at the western boundary. An extensive sensitivity study is conducted with different model parameters and processes. The results are also compared with those obtained using the Bryan-Cox primitive equation model. For the steady state case, the PG model can reproduce the primitive equation model results, and displays …

The Measurement Of Sediment Irrigation Rates: A Comparison Of The Br- Tracer And 222rn/226ra Disequilibrium Techniques, W. R. Martin, G. T. Banta

Journal of Marine Research

We have carried out a series of experiments designed to allow comparison of sediment irrigation rates determined simultaneously using two methods: the measurement of ²²²Rn/²²⁶Ra disequilibrium in pore waters, and the measurement of distributions of a tracer, Br⁻, which was added to the water overlying sediments at the start of incubation experiments. The experiments were carried out on fine-grained sediments from Buzzards Bay, MA. We made irrigation rate measurements on sediments in their natural state, as well as on sediments that had been treated to alter macrofaunal abundance and diversity. The range of irrigation rates …

Water Characteristics, Mixing And Circulation In The Bay Of Bengal During Southwest Monsoon, V. S. N. Murty, Y. V. B. Sarma, D. P. Rao, C. S. Murty

Journal of Marine Research

Influence of the freshwater influx, the wind forcing and the Indian Ocean monsoon drift current on the property distributions and the circulation in the Bay of Bengal during southwest monsoon has been quantified. At the head of the Bay, waters of low salinity, affected by the freshwater influx, occupy the upper 90 m water column. The isohaline 34.0 × 10⁻³ separating these waters from those of underlying saline waters shoals southward gradually and outcrops around 14N, 10N and 6N in the western, central and southeastern regions of the Bay respectively. The wind-stress-curl-induced upwelling effect is confined to depth limits …

Benthic Community Metabolism And The Role Of Deposit-Feeding Callianassid Shrimp, Richard C. Murphy, James N. Kremer

Journal of Marine Research

In temperate and tropical seas, bioturbation resulting from the burrowing and feeding activities of deposit-feeding callianassid shrimp can have an important impact on the ecosystem. In Gorda Sound, British Virgin Islands, 97 μmol NH₄ ˙ m⁻² ˙ d⁻¹ and 0.2 μmol PO₄ ˙ m⁻² ˙ d⁻¹ were released to the water column from burrows of callianassid shrimps (Callianassa rathbunae and Calliax Jonesi). Benthic gross primary production was 288 mg C ˙ m⁻² ˙ d⁻¹ and the ratio of gross production to total community 24-hr. respiration was 0.86. The flux of …

Surface-Intensified Rossby Waves Over Rough Topography, R. M. Samelson

Journal of Marine Research

Observations and numerical experiments that suggest that sea-floor roughness can enhance the ratio of thermocline to abyssal eddy kinetic energy, motivate the study of linear free wave modes in a two layer quasi-geostrophic model for several eases of idealized variable bottom topography. The foeus is on topography with horizontal seale comparable to that of the waves, that is, on "rough" small-amplitude topography. Surface-intensified modes are found to exist at frequencies greater than the flat-bottom baroclinic cut-off frequency. These modes exist for topography that varies in both one and two horizontal dimensions. An approximate bound indicates that the maximum frequency of …

A Two-Layer Gulf Stream Over A Continental Slope, Rick Salmon

Journal of Marine Research

We consider the two-layer form of the planetary geostrophic equations, in which a simple Rayleigh friction replaces the inertia, on a western continental slope. In the frictionless limit, these equations can be written as characteristic equations in which the potential vorticities of the top and bottom layers play the role of Riemann invariants. The general solution is of two types. In the first type, the characteristics can cross, and friction is required to resolve the resulting shocks. In the second type, one of the two Riemann invariants is uniform, the remaining characteristic is a line of constant f/H, and …

Models Of Abyssal Flow In Basins Separated By Amid-Ocean Ridge, Scott A. Condie, Mitsuhiro Kawase

Journal of Marine Research

Numerical and laboratory models have been used to study source-driven flows in a system consisting of two basins (with sloping sidewalls) separated by a mid-ocean ridge. Numerical spin-up occurs via topographically modified Kelvin waves which propagate away from the source region around the outer perimeter of the model ocean. Energy is then carried along the ridge by topographic waves and westward by planetary waves. The resulting flow eventually concentrates in strong cyclonic circulation patterns, defined by regions of closed geostrophic contours in the lower latitude portion of each basin. When the deep water source is located at the latitude of …

Circulation And Water Mass Balance In The Brazil Basin, Huai-Min Zhang, Nelson G. Hogg

Journal of Marine Research

Analysis of data from the Levitus (1982) atlas shows that the application of the Montgomery streamfunction to the potential density surfaces induces an error which cannot be ignored in some regions in the ocean. The error arises from the variation of the specific volume anomaly along isopycnal surfaces. By including the major part of this effect, new streamfunctions, named the "pressure anomaly" and "mean pressure" streamfunctions, are suggested for use in potential density coordinates. By including the variations of specific volume anomaly and pressure along isopycnal surfaces, the inverse model proposed by Hogg (1987) is modified for increased accuracy and …

Modelling The Deep-Chlorophyll Maximum: A Coupled Physical-Biological Approach, Ramiro A. Varela, Antonio Cruzado, Joaquín Tintoré, Emilio García Ladona

Journal of Marine Research

The Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) is simulated in two oligotrophic regions (SW Sargasso Sea and NW Mediterranean) using a physical/biological model that couples an upper ocean turbulent model to a nutrient/phytoplankton model. The biological model considers two types of primary producers, heterotrophs and atmospheric in addition to internal nitrate inputs. Model results appear to adequately reproduce the DCM structure in those regions. The DCM depth and magnitude is mainly determined by the vertical eddy diffusion and light extinction. The grazing parameters mainly affect the intensity of the DCM. This suggest the DCM is primarily the result of a balance between …

Inertial Gyres In Decaying And Forced Geostrophic Turbulence, Patrick F. 0

Journal of Marine Research

Numerical simulations of the motion of a turbulent homogeneous fluid in a rectangular beta-plane ocean basin are conducted to examine the influence of lateral boundary conditions on the development of inertial circulations. Three different boundary conditions are considered. Firstly, with a condition of zero vorticity gradient normal to the boundary, inertial Fofonoff gyres, which coincide with the maximum entropy solution of statistical mechanics, develop from the release of an initial random eddy field. Secondly, under a condition of no-stress (free-slip) at the boundary, inertial gyres resembling the Fofonoff flow develop. However, in this case, the linear relationship between potential vorticity …