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The Parameterization Of Baroclinic Instability In A Simple Model, A. Wirth

Journal of Marine Research

Baroclinic instability of zonally forced flow in a two mode quasi-geostrophic numerical model with periodic boundary conditions is considered. Only the largest scale of the baroclinic mode is forced and the scale dependence of a diffusive parameterization of baroclinic layer thickness is determined. It is shown that the effect of baroclinic instability is a decreasing function of scale with an exponent of about half of that corresponding to the commonly used Laplace operator. We furthermore show that there is no linear relation between the time averaged amplitude of the large scale streamfunction (or quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity) and the bolus velocity.

Low-Frequency Variability On The Western Flanks Of The Grand Banks, Nelson G. Hogg

Journal of Marine Research

An array consisting of 21 current meters on nine moorings was set on the western flanks of the Grand Banks in August 1995 and recovered about two years later. The purpose was to explore the possibility that this might be a region of anomalously high topographic wave activity because the local topography so altered the dispersion relation for these waves that they could couple more readily to eastward-moving Gulf Stream meanders. Eddy kinetic energy is, indeed, found to be higher here than elsewhere in the region but only at periods shorter than about 10 days. At longer periods energy in …

Modeling Of The Bottom Water Flow Through The Romanche Fracture Zone With A Primitive Equation Model—Part I: Dynamics, Bruno Ferron, Herlé Mercier, Anne-Marie Treguier

Journal of Marine Research

This paper investigates the dynamics of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) flow through the Romanche Fracture Zone (RFZ) in a primitive equation model with a high horizontal and vertical resolution. Two examples of flows over simple bathymetries show that a reduced gravity model captures the essential dynamics of the primitive equation model. The reduced gravity model is then used as a tool to identify what are the bathymetric structures (sills, narrows) that mostly constrain theAABW flow through the RFZ. When only these structures are represented in the primitive equation model, the AABW flow is shown to be coherent with observations …

Properties Of Vertical Current Shear Across Stratification In The North Sea, Hans Van Haren

Journal of Marine Research

Observations from the central North Sea show that, as soon as thermal stratification becomes established by solar insolation in the spring, the vertical smoothly varying horizontal current structure observed in winter becomes distorted, with strongest vertical shear coincident with the strongest buoyancy gradients (thermoclines). This shear is predominant at the local inertial frequency following strong wind-forcing or when the thermocline thickness is relatively large, and the semidiurnal tidal frequency otherwise. Although the currents at these frequencies have a completely different character, being circularly polarized and mode-1 at the inertial frequency and almost rectilinear and barotropic at the tidal frequency, their …

Iron Uptake In Human Keratinocytes Exposed To Photodegraded Nifedipine, Alison Brett Gruen

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

The Role And Regulation Of Fas And Fas Ligand In The Ovary : Implications For Ovarian Cancer, Wendi Diane Brown

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Abuse Of Pregnant Adolescents : A Study Of Prevalence And Associated Factors, Lisa Eiland

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

A Novel Kunitz-Type Serine Protease Inhibitor From The Hookworm, Ancylostoma Ceylanicum, Aaron Michael Milstone

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Lesbian, Bisexual, And Gay Graduates Of The Yale School Of Medicine And Their Heterosexual Peers : Attitudes And Experiences, 1969-1998, Angela Joan Rubineau

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Chronic Hypoxia On The Developing Rat Brain, Carl John Seashore

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Characterizing Binge Eating Disorder With A Focus On Age Of Onset, Jessica Catherine Morgan

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Tgf-[Beta] Is A Crucial Counter-Regulatory Cytokine That Inhibits The Proliferation And Function Of Cd4+ Th1 Cells Responsible For Colitis Inmurine Models Of Crohn's Disease, Andrew S. Resnick

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Fortnightly Modulation Of The Estuarine Circulation In Juan De Fuca Strait, Diane Masson, Patrick F. Cummins

Journal of Marine Research

Riverine discharge into the Strait of Georgia sets up a well-defined estuarine circulation within Juan de Fuca Strait, the main path for the freshwater outflow to the continental shelf. At the landward end of Juan de Fuca Strait, the water flows through narrow channels in which strong tidal currents are known to induce significant mixing of the water column, and a spring-neap modulation of the estuarine exchange. A three-dimensional prognostic numerical model has been developed to study the circulation around Vancouver Island, British Columbia. In a series of simulations, the estuarine circulation within Juan de Fuca Strait is established by …

Theoretical Calculations Based On Real Topography Of The Maximum Deep-Water Flow Through The Jungfern Passage, Karin Borenäs, Anna Nikolopoulos

Journal of Marine Research

A method for theoretically calculating the maximum transport through a strait, using the actual topography, is presented. The study is conducted within the framework of rotating hydraulics. The results are used for estimating the amount of North Atlantic Deep Water flowing through the Jungfern Passage into the Caribbean Sea. These appraisals are compared with previous theoretical estimates, for which a rectangular bottom profile has been used, and with transport calculations based on observations.

The Role Of Eddies In The Isopycnic Transfer Of Nutrients And Their Impact On Biological Production, Mei-Man Lee, Richard G. Williams

Journal of Marine Research

Eddies provide a systematic, large-scale transfer of tracers and nutrients along isopycnals through a combination of eddy-induced diffusion and advection. The nutrient distribution is controlled by advection, rather than diffusion, when the nutrient lifetime exceeds a timescale given by κ/V2 where κ is the lateral diffusivity and V is the characteristic transport velocity. Idealized, eddy-resolving experiments are conducted using an isopycnic model configured for a zonal channel. Whether the eddies act to enhance or inhibit biological production depends on the location of the nutrient source and the nutrient lifetime. For a subtropical gyre and the Southern Ocean, the …

Trajectories Of Sinking Particles And The Catchment Areas Above Sediment Traps In The Northeast Atlantic, Joanna Waniek, Wolfgang Koeve, Ralf D. Prien

Journal of Marine Research

A Lagrangian analysis of particles sinking through a velocity field observed by Eulerian frame measurements was used to evaluate the effects of horizontal advection and particle sinking speed on particle fluxes as measured by moored sediment traps. Characteristics of the statistical funnel above moored deep-ocean sediment traps at the German JGOFS quasi-time series station at 47N, 20W (Biotrans site) were determined. The analysis suggests that the distance and direction between a given sediment trap and the region at the surface where the particles were produced depends on the mean sinking velocity of the particles, the horizontal velocity field above the …

Floats And Ƒ/H, J. H. Lacasce

Journal of Marine Research

The sensitivity of oceanic float dispersion to f/H, where H is a spatially filtered representation of the water depth, is examined with floats from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The first and second moments of the displacements relative to f/H were found and compared to those for zonal and meridional displacements. In all cases, the moments relative to f/H display equal or greater anisotropy than those relative to geographical coordinates, suggesting a preferred tendency for spreading along f/H. In regions where the topography is flat (at the equator, in the …

Yale Medicine : Alumni Bulletin Of The School Of Medicine, Fall 1999- Summer 2000, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This volume contains Yale medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.34 (Fall 1999-Summer 2000). Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965).

Digitized with funding from the Arcadia fund, 2017.

Yale Nursing Matters Fall 1999 Issue 1 Volume 1, Yale University School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Alumni Newsletters and Magazines

"I hope that as you read through this first issue of Yale Nursing Matters, you will realize how exquisitely Yale faculty discharge tile responsibility to advance nursing science while also contributing as leaders in practice and educating the next generation of nursing leaders." - Catherine Lynch Gillis, Dean and Professor

Please contact the Medical Historical Library if you need a higher resolution version.

Reptiles And Amphibians From Nan Ao Island, China, James Lazell, Jonathan Kolby, Yong-Mu Lin, Dong-Hong Zhuang, Wenhua Lu

Postilla

Specimens of 18 native reptile and amphibian species were collected for the Department of Biology, Santou University, on Nan Ao Island, Guangdong Province, China. Four of five lizard species appear to be new records: Gekko subpalmatus (major range extension), Ateuchosaurus chinensis (we present life history data), Eumeces chinensis and Sphenomorphus indicus. All five snake species appear to be new records: Typhlops ("Ramphotyphlops") braminus, Elaphe radiata, Natrix ("Xenochrophis") piscator, Oligodon formosanus and Trimeresurus cf. albolabris. Five frogs and toads are species already recorded, but Rhacophorus leucomystax (Polypedates megacephalus) and Microhyla ornata are newly recorded. A single Bufo specimen may represent a …

Medical Staff (1998) (Supplemental Information To The 1998 Annual Report), Yale-New Haven Hospital

Yale New Haven Hospital Annual Reports

For the year 1998. Year ending September 30, 1998.

Systematic Revision Of The Olenelloidea (Trilobita, Cambrian), Bruce S. Lieberman

Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History

Phylogenetic analyses for all the available species comprising eight clades of trilobites within the monophyletic superfamily Olenelloidea (Trilobita, Cambrian) are presented….

Imperfections Of The North Atlantic Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation: Continental Geometry And Windstress Shape, Henk A. Dijkstra, M. Jeroen Molemaker

Journal of Marine Research

Multiple equilibria of the wind-driven gyres have been found in idealized quasi-geostrophic and shallow water models. In this paper we demonstrate that multiple equilibria persist within a reduced gravity shallow water model under quite realistic continental geometry and windstress forcing for the North Atlantic. Multiple mean flow patterns of the Gulf Stream exist and differ with respect to their separation behavior along the North American coast. The origin of these equilibria is investigated by determining the structure of steady solutions within a hierarchy of equivalent barotropic ocean models using continuation techniques. Within each model, the magnitude of lateral friction is …

Evaluating Eddy Mixing Coefficients From Eddy-Resolving Ocean Models: A Case Study, A. M. Treguier

Journal of Marine Research

A numerical model of a baroclinically unstable jet in a zonally periodic channel is used to analyze mesoscale eddy fluxes and their relationship with the gradients of the mean flow. The quasi-geostrophic approximation proves the best way to calculate potential vorticity fluxes in the primitive equation model. Away from the surface layers, eddy fluxes of potential density are consistent with advection by eddy-induced velocities v* and w* as suggested by Gent et al. (1995). Eddies mix potential vorticity along isopycnals, so that v* is related to the gradients of potential vorticity rather than potential density as …

Biogeochemistry Of Dimethylsulfide In The South China Sea, Gui-Peng Yang, Xin-Tong Liu, Li Li, Zheng-Bin Zhang

Journal of Marine Research

The distribution of dimethylsulfide (DMS) was studied in surface seawater and vertical profiles at nineteen stations in the Nansha Islands sea area of the South China Sea. The concentrations of DMS in surface-layer (0-1 m) seawater vary from 64 to 140 ng S/L with high values found in the productive regions, in agreement with the horizontal distribution of chlorophyll a. The vertical profiles of DMS show a single peak shape with maximum concentrations occurring at depths between 30-75 m. The DMS concentrations are correlated with chlorophyll a levels both in the upper 20 m of seawater as well as …

Mode Waters And Subduction Rates In A High-Resolution South Atlantic Simulation, Anne P. De Miranda, Bernard Barnier, William K. Dewar

Journal of Marine Research

Water mass production and destruction in the subtropical South Atlantic gyre is studied. A high resolution numerical model is used to examine regional mode water formation and estimate the associated instantaneous and mean subduction rates. Primitive equation dynamics expressed in depth following (sigma) coordinates are employed. The main hydrographic and kinematic features of the South Atlantic are faithfully reproduced by the model. In particular, the principle current systems appear and the model exhibits a sequence of ventilated potential vorticity minima on density surfaces coinciding with those of observed South Atlantic mode waters. The formation sequence within the model of these …

The Importance Of Open-Boundary Estimation For An Indian Ocean Gcm-Data Synthesis, Kate Q. Zhang, Jochem Marotzke

Journal of Marine Research

The Indian Ocean general circulation is estimated by fitting the MIT Ocean General Circulation Model to the annual mean climatological hydrography and surface forcing, using the model and its computer-generated adjoint. Open boundary conditions are implemented to the west of the Indonesian Archipelago and near 30S. The approach simultaneously optimizes the initial conditions of the hydrographic fields, surface fluxes, and the open boundary conditions (temperature, salinity, and horizontal velocities). Compared to previous results obtained in a closed domain, the estimated velocity field shows a marked improvement near the southern boundary, with a reasonably strong Agulhas Current leaving the model domain. …

Bioturbation And Particle Transport In Carolina Slope Sediments: A Radiochemical Approach, W. L. Fornes, D. J. Demaster, L. A. Levin, N. E. Blair

Journal of Marine Research

In situ tracer experiments investigated short-term sediment mixing processes at two Carolina continental margin sites (water depth = 850 m) characterized by different organic C fluxes, 234Th mixing coefficients (D_b) and benthic assemblages. Phytoplankton, slope sediment, and sand-sized glass beads tagged with ²¹⁰Pb, ¹¹³Sn, and ²²⁸Th, respectively, were placed via submersible at the sediment-water interface at both field sites (Site I off Cape Fear, and Site III off Cape Hatteras). Experimental plots were sampled at 0, 1.5 days, and 90 days after tracer emplacement to examine short-term, vertical transport. Both sites are initially …

Diagenesis Of Planktonic Fatty Acids And Sterols In Long Island Sound Sediments: Influences Of A Phytoplankton Bloom And Bottom Water Oxygen Content, Ming-Yi Sun, Stuart G. Wakeham

Journal of Marine Research

Diagenesis of organic matter in coastal sediments from Long Island Sound (LIS) was investigated by measuring fatty acids and sterols in (1) a time-series of surface sediment samples over a spring phytoplankton bloom; and (2) sediment cores collected during and after a bloom at two sites with distinctively different bottom-water oxygen contents. Time-dependent distributions of sedimentary fatty acids and sterols in LIS were strongly affected by pulsed inputs from the overlying water column, variations in benthic community, and redox-related degradation processes. The phytoplankton bloom delivered an intense pulse of unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., 16:1(ω7) and 20:5) to the surface sediments. …

Sensitivity Of Primary Production To Different Eddy Parameterizations: A Case Study Of The Spring Bloom Development In The Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, Marina Lévy, Martin Visbeck, Naomi Naik

Journal of Marine Research

The abilities of the Gent and McWilliams (1990) (GM) and Horizontal Diffusion (HD) eddyparameterizations to represent the mesoscale effects relevant for primary production are compared and analyzed. Following Lévy et al. (1999a), this is done in the case study of the spring bloom that follows the formation of a dense water patch in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. It is shown that, unlike HD, the use of the GM parameterization can capture many aspects of the primary production enhancement associated with the restratifying action of mesoscale eddies. However, predicted primary production, when using the GM parameterization, is sensitive to the GM's …