Digital Commons Network^™

Comments On “A Generic Length-Scale Equation For Geophysical Turbulence Models” By L. Umlauf And H. Burchard, L. Kantha, S. Carniel

Journal of Marine Research

Umlauf and Burchard (2003) present a generic length-scale equation... for use in two-equation models of turbulence. However, because of the traditional form used for the diffusion term, it can be used at present for only negative values of n. We show that a simple modification of the diffusion term is sufficient to insure a more universal generic length-scale equation that is valid for all values of m and n, including positive values of n. We also show that an appropriate combination of exponents m and n will enable the generic length-scale equation to simulate any desired length-scale equation...

Does The Nonlinearity Of The Equation Of State Impose An Upper Bound On The Buoyancy Frequency?, Trevor J. Mcdougall, John A. Church, David R. Jackett

Journal of Marine Research

Mixing in the ocean is usually accompanied by a net reduction in volume caused by the nonlinear nature of the equation of state. This contraction-on-mixing at a certain depth implies that the whole water column above this depth slumps a little and so suffers a reduction in gravitational potential energy. Under certain circumstances the gravitational potential energy of the entire water column can decrease as a consequence of mixing activity at a certain depth. We examine Fofonoff's hypothesis that in these circumstances the net reduction of gravitational potential energy of the whole water column causes a local increase in the …

Simultaneous Data-Based Optimization Of A 1d-Ecosystem Model At Three Locations In The North Atlantic: Part Ii—Standing Stocks And Nitrogen Fluxes, Markus Schartau, Andreas Oschlies

Journal of Marine Research

This study relates the performance of an optimized one-dimensional ecosystem model to observations at three sites in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Study (BATS, 31N 64W), the location of the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (NABE, 47N 20W), and Ocean Weather Ship INDIA (OWS-INDIA, 59N 19W). The ecosystem model is based on nitrogen and resolves dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N), phytoplankton (P), zooplankton (Z) and detritus (D), therefore called the NPZD-model. Physical forcing, such as temperature and eddy diffusivities are taken from an eddy-permitting general circulation model of the …

Simultaneous Data-Based Optimization Of A 1d-Ecosystem Model At Three Locations In The North Atlantic: Part I—Method And Parameter Estimates, Markus Schartau, Andreas Oschlies

Journal of Marine Research

An optimization experiment is performed with a vertically resolved, nitrogen-based ecosystem model, composed of four state variables (NPZD-model): dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N), phytoplankton (P), herbivorous zooplankton (Z) and detritus (D). Parameter values of the NPZD-model are optimized while assimilating observations at three locations in the North Atlantic simultaneously, namely at the sites of the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study (BATS; 31N 64W), of the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (NABE; 47N 20W), and of Ocean Weather Ship-India (OWS-INDIA; 59N 19W). A method is described for a simultaneous optimization which effectively merges …

Evaluation Of Excess 234th Activity In Sediments As An Indicator Of Food Quality For Deep-Sea Deposit Feeders, Amanda W. J. Demopoulos, Craig R. Smith, David J. Demaster, William L. Fornes

Journal of Marine Research

Deep-sea deposit feeders selectively ingest large volumes of sediment. Knowledge of the nature of this selectivity will help to elucidate the limiting nutritional requirements and geochemical impacts of these abundant animals. Shallow-water and theoretical studies suggest that deep-sea deposit feeders should select particles rich in protein, bacterial biomass, and/or chloropigment concentrations. Recent studies indicate that deep-sea megafaunal deposit feeders exhibit strong gut enrichment of excess (xs) ²³⁴Th activity, even though ²³⁴Th_xs lacks nutritional value. To explore the significance of selective ingestion of ²³⁴Th_xs activity, we evaluated the correlations between ²³⁴Th_xs activity and three …

The Role Of Outflow Geometry In The Formation Of The Recirculating Bulge Region In Coastal Buoyant Outflows, Greg Avicola, Pablo Huq

Journal of Marine Research

Density-driven coastal currents are a common feature in the world's coastal oceans. These currents may separate from the coastline due to variations in geometry. Past studies have shown that this separation may produce two distinctly different flow states: a continuation of the coastal current, or a recirculating gyre downshelf of, and attached to, the separation point. Laboratory experiments of coastal buoyant outflows (rotationally dominated, buoyancy driven) were undertaken to examine the role of bay geometry on the evolution of the outflow. Experiments were conducted on a rotating turntable in relatively deep water (such that the buoyant layer depth was much …

Correlation Of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Mri Imaging Characteristics With Gene Expression Profiles In Renal Cell Carcinoma, Essmaeel Hussein Abdel-Dayem

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Breakpoint Characterization And Assessment For Position Effects In Patients With Tourette Syndrome And Rearrangements Of Chromosome 18q22, Adam Charles Cuker

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Proper Coronary Vascular Development And Heart Morphogenesis Depend On Interaction Of Gata-4 With Fog Cofactors, Maya Beth Lodish

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

On The Thermohaline Circulation In Flat Bottom Marginal Seas, Michael A. Spall

Journal of Marine Research

The thermohaline circulation in an idealized marginal sea is studied using both numerical and analytical models. The circulation is forced by repeating an annual cycle of cooling in the interior of the marginal sea for 2 months and turning off the surface forcing for 10 months. The marginal sea is connected to an open ocean through a narrow strait, thus providing a means to equilibrate the cooling within the marginal sea by exchange with the open ocean. The resulting upper ocean circulation consists of a warm boundary current that flows into the marginal sea through the strait that is gradually …

The Large-Scale Time-Mean Ocean Circulation In The Nordic Seas And Arctic Ocean Estimated From Simplified Dynamics, Ole Anders Nøst, Pål Erik Isachsen

Journal of Marine Research

A simplified diagnostic model of the time-mean, large-scale ocean circulation in the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean is presented. Divergences in the surface Ekman layer are extracted from observed climatological wind stress fields. Similarly, divergences caused by the meridional thermal wind transport (relative to the bottom) are calculated from an observed climatological density field. These known quantities are then used to "force" the model's bottom geostrophic velocities. Both scaling arguments and direct observations show that for long time scales the bottom currents are closely aligned with contours of f/H, (where f is the Coriolis parameter and H is the …

On The Role Of Biological Dynamics In Plankton Patchiness At The Mesoscale: An Example From The Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, M. A. Srokosz, A. P. Martin, M. J. R. Fasham

Journal of Marine Research

In situations where the direct physical forcing of biological processes, through nutrient supply or light limitation of phytoplankton, does not show significant spatial variability, it is demonstrated that the effects of the mesoscale circulation and population dynamics on plankton patchiness are in principle, separable. In this case, the physical stirring and mixing control the size and shape of structures seen in plankton distributions, whilst the biological dynamics controls the size of the populations within those structures. This is demonstrated using field observations and a simple process model. The field data, which come from mesoscale surveys of a region (16 -20W, …

Modes Of Internal Thermohaline Variability In A Single-Hemispheric Ocean Basin, Lianke A. Te Raa, Henk A. Dijkstra

Journal of Marine Research

In this study, the internal modes of variability of the thermohaline ocean circulation in an idealized single-hemispheric basin are investigated. The modes are determined systematically by performing linear stability analyses of fully three-dimensional thermohaline flows. Relevant for the large-scale low-frequency variability of the flows are two kinds of oscillatory modes. The modes in one of these classes, which have an interdecadal time scale, are truly three-dimensional phenomena and are characterized by westward propagating temperature anomalies, while modes in the other class have a centennial time scale. The latter modes are shown to persist as internal modes of variability of two-dimensional …

Spontaneous Dermatitis In Γð T Cell-Deficient Mice : The Role Of Ige, Genetics, And Dendritic Epidermal T Cells, Jennifer Hyunjoo Nam

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Department Of Surgery 2003-2004 Annual Report Yale University School Of Medicine / Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School Of Medicine Department Of Surgery

Yale Department of Surgery Bulletins

Annual report for 2003-2004.

A Model Of Fluff Layer Erosion And Subsequent Bed Erosion In The Presence Of The Bioturbator, Hydrobia Ulvae, Francis Orvain, Pierre Le Hir, Pierre-Guy Sauriau

Journal of Marine Research

Previous studies have shown that the gastropod Hydrobia ulvae destabilizes the top layers of fine-grained sediments. This process is mediated by the formation of a "biogenic" fluff layer that includes tracks, faecal pellets and mucus. This fluff layer has been shown to be easily resuspended before general bed erosion. In order to examine how fluff layer and bed erosion interact, flume experiments were performed with fluid sediments of varying water contents. Ten thousand snails were placed and allowed to crawl for 5 h on the sediment surface, and then the resuspended sediment mass was measured in response to step-wise shear …

Functional Genomics Of Krit1, The Gene Mutated In Cerebral Cavernous Malformation, Maxwell Laurans

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Adaptive Model Of Dom Dynamics In The Surface Ocean, Markus Pahlow, Alain F. Vézina

Journal of Marine Research

The bulk of marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) forms a large, old, refractory carbon pool in the deep ocean, yet a small fraction in the surface ocean is actively involved in the global carbon cycle and may contribute significantly to the biological pump. We argue that present models of plankton and DOM in the surface ocean are incompatible with current knowledge of marine DOM dynamics. We present a plankton model with an adaptive formulation of bacteria-DOM interactions which is more consistent with observations. Our model reproduces net accumulation of DOM and is the first to reconcile the prevailing reports of …

Developing Anti-Cd30 Recombinant Immunotoxins Targeting Shed And Non-Shed Epitopes For Cancer Therapy, Abhishek Sinha

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Brain Region And Gender On Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy In Normal Subjects, Marlyanne Pol-Rodriguez

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this study was to acquire spectra using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with a long echo time (TE) to measure clinically important brain metabolites in normal subjects. We aimed to determine whether these metabolites vary across brain regions and between men and women. The results of this study will constitute a normative database that will be used as a reference for MRS studies of patients with neurological disease. Single voxel proton (1H) spectra were acquired in seventy-two subjects ranging in age from twenty to forty-four years. Ten brain regions were examined. Six gray matter sites in the …

Nota Bene; Volume Xvi, Number Iii, Yale University Library

Nota Bene

Nota Bene is published during the academic year to acquaint the Yale community and others with the resources of the Yale Library.

The Fertility Of The Irish In America In 1910, Timothy W. Guinnane, Carolyn M. Moehling, Cormac Ó Gráda

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Yale Medicine : Alumni Bulletin Of The School Of Medicine, Autumn 2002- Summer 2003, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This volume contains Yale medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.37 (Autumn 2002-Summer 2003). Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965).

Digitized with funding from the Arcadia fund, 2017.

The Economic Consequences Of A War With Iraq, William D. Nordhaus

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Much has been written about the national-security aspects of a potential conflict in Iraq, but there are no studies of the cost. A review of several past wars indicates that nations historically have consistently underestimated the cost of military conflicts. This study reviews the potential costs of a conflict including the postwar expenses that might be required for occupation, humanitarian assistance, reconstruction, nation-building, along with the implications for oil markets and macroeconomic activity. It considers two potential scenarios that span the potential outcomes, ranging from a short and relatively conflict-free case to protracted conflict with difficult and expensive postwar reconstruction …

The Genus Podocerus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Podoceridae) From Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, Adam J. Baldinger, Michael F. Gable

Postilla

A new species of Podocerus is described from Guana Island, British Virgin Islands. Podocerus jareckii n. sp. has dorsal carinations and an interramal spine on uropod 1. A second species of Podocerus collected from similar habitats lacks dorsal carinations and uropodal interramal spines; it is indistinguishable from Podocerus fissipes described from the coast of Brazil. The relationships of the species reported here to Podocerus found in Bermuda, and in the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas, are discussed.

Demography And The Long-Run Predictability Of The Stock Market, John Geanakoplos, Michael Magill, Martine Quinzii

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Stock market price/earnings ratios should be influenced by demography. Since demography is predictable, stock returns should be as well. We provide a simple stochastic OLG model with a cyclical structure that generates cyclical P/E ratios. We calibrate the model to roughly fit the cyclical features of historical P/E ratios.

Demography And The Long-Run Predictability Of The Stock Market, John Geanakoplos, Michael Magill, Martine Quinzii

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper was begun during a visit at the Cowles Foundation in Fall 2000 and revised during a visit in Fall 2002: Michael Magill and Martine Quinzii are grateful for the stimulating environment and the research support provided by the Cowles Foundation. We are also grateful to Bob Shiller for helpful discussions, and to participants at the Cowles Conference on Incomplete Markets at Yale University, the SITE Workshop at Stanford University, the Incomplete Markets Workshop at SUNY Stony Brook during the summer 2001, the Southwest Economic Conference at UCLA, and the Conference for the Advancement of Economic Theory at Rhodes …

Health And Labor Force Participation Of The Elderly In Taiwan, Cem Mete, T. Paul Schultz

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Vouchers, School Choice And The Access To Higher Education, Dante Contreras

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Mutagenesis Induced By The Tumor Microenvironment: Implications Of Increased Dna Damage And Diminished Dna Repair, Jianling Yuan

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Tumors are characterized by microenvironmental heterogeneity, with regions of hypoxia, low pH, and nutrient deprivation. It has been proposed that such conditions may be an important factor contributing to cancer genetic instability. Using a chromosomally based lambda phage shuttle vector as a mutation reporter, we show that growth of cells in hypoxia and/or at low pH results in elevated mutation frequencies in two different reporter genes. To elucidate the mechanism of the tumor microenvironment-induced genetic instability, we first measured the production of DNA damage upon hypoxia and re-oxygenation in culture. We found that under such conditions, the intracellular level of …