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Buoyancy-Forced Circulations In Shallow Marginal Seas, Michael A. Spall Jan 2005

Buoyancy-Forced Circulations In Shallow Marginal Seas, Michael A. Spall

Journal of Marine Research

The properties of water mass transformation and the thermohaline circulation in shallow marginal seas with topography and subject to surface cooling are discussed in the context of an eddy-resolving primitive equation model and an analytic planetary geostrophic model. A unique and important aspect of the model configuration is that the geostrophic contours, or characteristics of the system, extend from a region where temperature is restored toward a uniform value, providing a source of heat, through the cooling region. This removes a degree of symmetry that has often been imposed in previous studies of deep convection. The heat loss within the …

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Lagrangian Spin Parameter And Coherent Structures From Trajectories Released In A High-Resolution Ocean Model, Milena Veneziani, Annalisa Griffa, Zulema D. Garraffo, Eric P. Chassignet Jan 2005

Lagrangian Spin Parameter And Coherent Structures From Trajectories Released In A High-Resolution Ocean Model, Milena Veneziani, Annalisa Griffa, Zulema D. Garraffo, Eric P. Chassignet

Journal of Marine Research

A study of the mesoscale eddy field in the presence of coherent vortices, by means of Lagrangian trajectories released in a high-resolution ocean model, is presented in this paper. The investigation confirms previous results drawn from real float data statistics (Veneziani et al., 2004) that the eddy field characteristics are due to the superposition of two distinct regimes associated with strong coherent vortices and with a typically more quiescent background eddy flow. The former gives rise to looping trajectories characterized by subdiffusivity properties due to the trapping effect of the vortices, while the latter produces nonlooping floats characterized by simple …

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Two Coastal Upwelling Domains In The Northern California Current System, Adriana Huyer, Jane H. Fleischbein, Julie Keister, P. Michael Kosro, Natalie Perlin, Robert L. Smith, Patricia A. Wheeler Jan 2005

Two Coastal Upwelling Domains In The Northern California Current System, Adriana Huyer, Jane H. Fleischbein, Julie Keister, P. Michael Kosro, Natalie Perlin, Robert L. Smith, Patricia A. Wheeler

Journal of Marine Research

A pair of hydrographic sections, one north and one south of Cape Blanco at 42.9N, was sampled in five summers (1998–2000 and 2002–2003). The NH line at 44.6N lies about 130 km south of the Columbia River, and spans a relatively wide shelf off Newport, Oregon. The CR line at 41.9N off Crescent City, California, lies 300 km farther south and spans a narrower shelf. Summer winds are predominantly southward in both locations but the southward winds are stronger on the CR line. Sampling included CTD/rosette casts (to measure temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll), zooplankton net tows and continuous …

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Growth Rates Of Interface-Feeding Spionid Polychaetes In Simulated Tidal Currents, Brian T. Hentschel, Brenda S. Herrick Jan 2005

Growth Rates Of Interface-Feeding Spionid Polychaetes In Simulated Tidal Currents, Brian T. Hentschel, Brenda S. Herrick

Journal of Marine Research

Most spionid polychaetes switch from surface deposit feeding to suspension feeding as current speed and the flux of suspended food increase. Previous experiments testing the effects of flow on the growth of facultative, interface feeders have been limited to very simplified flow regimes such as constant, unidirectional currents. To measure the growth of interface-feeding spionids in more realistic currents, we programmed two identical counter-rotating annular flumes to simulate two different semidiurnal tidal currents. Each regime included four speeds that varied in hourly steps. At 5 mm above bottom, speeds in the slower flow regime were 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 …

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Analytical Solutions For The Acc And Its Overturning Circulation, Timour Radko Jan 2005

Analytical Solutions For The Acc And Its Overturning Circulation, Timour Radko

Journal of Marine Research

An explicit analytical model of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is presented in which the key feature is the balance between the Eulerian circulation acting to overturn the isopycnals and geostrophic eddies which tend to flatten them. Solutions for the stratification and overturning circulation are obtained by expanding the governing residual mean equations of motion in a small parameter (ε) which measures the relative strength of the surface buoyancy flux and mechanical forcing by winds. Our balanced asymptotic model extends and reconciles the earlier views on the dynamics of the (streamwise-averaged) ACC by demonstrating that the zero order balance between …

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Parameterizations Of Lagrangian Spin Statistics And Particle Dispersion In The Presence Of Coherent Vortices, Milena Veneziani, Annalisa Griffa, Andy M. Reynolds, Zulema D. Garraffo, Eric P. Chassignet Jan 2005

Parameterizations Of Lagrangian Spin Statistics And Particle Dispersion In The Presence Of Coherent Vortices, Milena Veneziani, Annalisa Griffa, Andy M. Reynolds, Zulema D. Garraffo, Eric P. Chassignet

Journal of Marine Research

Coherent vortices are known to play an important role in transport processes of ideal flows such as two-dimensional and quasi-geostrophic turbulent flows. In this paper, their effect on eddy dispersion and diffusivity is studied in a realistic oceanic flow, using synthetic Lagrangian data simulated within a high-resolution ocean general circulation model in the Gulf Stream recirculation region. The possibility of using a Lagrangian Stochastic Model (LSM) with nonzero mean spin statistic, Ω, to parameterize the observed characteristics is considered. The probability distribution of the Ω parameter (which is representative of the looping behavior of trajectories embedded inside the coherent vortices) …

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The All-Atlantic Temperature-Salinity-Pressure Relation And Patched Potential Density, Roland A. De Szoeke, Scott R. Springer Jan 2005

The All-Atlantic Temperature-Salinity-Pressure Relation And Patched Potential Density, Roland A. De Szoeke, Scott R. Springer

Journal of Marine Research

The relation between temperature, salinity, and pressure in the Atlantic Ocean is examined. Most of the Atlantic resolves itself into three two-dimensional manifolds of three-dimensional thermodynamic space: a northern, more saline, branch, and a southern, fresher, branch, each quite independent of pressure, and between them a bridge, on which density is uniform at constant pressure. The properties of the branches are crucial to the construction of joint potential density surfaces, patched together at 1000 db intervals. By resolving more finely in pressure (illustrated with 200 db spacing), a finer system of patched potential density surfaces can be obtained, and indeed …

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Diffusion Scale Dependent Change In Anaerobic Carbon And Nitrogen Mineralization: True Effector Experimental Artifact?, Thomas Valdemarsen, Erik Kristensen Jan 2005

Diffusion Scale Dependent Change In Anaerobic Carbon And Nitrogen Mineralization: True Effector Experimental Artifact?, Thomas Valdemarsen, Erik Kristensen

Journal of Marine Research

Burrowing macrofauna is known to influence the diffusion properties and solute transport within sediments as well as promoting aerobic microbial processes. It has recently been argued that changes in diffusion scales also affect anaerobic microbial processes in sediments. We tested this contention on coastal sandy sediment using a widely employed sediment plug flux-incubation technique. Our results confirm that volume specific microbial carbon and nitrogen mineralization apparently are enhanced (6–15 and 3–9 times, respectively) in thin (1 mm) compared with thick (10 cm) sediment plugs incubated in anoxic seawater. However, differential accumulation of inhibiting substances among plug sizes cannot explain this …

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Pathogenesis Of Intracranial Aneurysms, Brian Vala Nahed Jan 2005

Pathogenesis Of Intracranial Aneurysms, Brian Vala Nahed

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Introduction: Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are a common neurological problem, the rupture of which frequently constitutes a catastrophic neurological event. While the pathogenesis is largely unknown, it is believed that both genetic and environmental factors work in concert to some degree within patients. Our goal was to take a comprehensive approach to understanding the pathogenesis of IA by identifying factors leading to the formation, growth and rupture of IA. Methods: Since 1994, we have recruited patients and families with IA into the Yale Brain Aneurysm Database. Information regarding aneurysm characteristics (size, location, number), patient characteristics (age, medical, and social history), and …

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Medicine@Yale August/September 2005 Volume 1, Issue 2, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2005

Medicine@Yale August/September 2005 Volume 1, Issue 2, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

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The Role Of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (Ctgf) In Fibrosis Associated With Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors, Michael David Shapiro Jan 2005

The Role Of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (Ctgf) In Fibrosis Associated With Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors, Michael David Shapiro

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Carcinoid tumors of the small bowel often present with fibrosis in the peritumoral tissues, distant in the heart or lungs, and locally in the peritoneal cavity. The mechanism of the fibroblastic lesions in patients with small bowel carcinoids is unclear and their timely diagnosis impossible. There exists no test to determine the risk of fibrosis, detect its presence, or monitor its progression once discovered. Furthermore, no current therapy protects against such fibrosis. We have proposed that CTGF, a mediator of the profibrotic activities of TGFâ1 (a known regulator of fibrosis)is directly involved in the genesis of ileal carcinoid-related fibrosis. The …

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The Use Of Flow Cytometric Dna Ploidy Analysis As An Adjunct To Detection Of Minimal Residual Disease In B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Barton C. Kenney Jan 2005

The Use Of Flow Cytometric Dna Ploidy Analysis As An Adjunct To Detection Of Minimal Residual Disease In B-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Barton C. Kenney

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Optimal Management Of Melanoma In Situ And Stage I Melanoma, Nicholas Brittain Countryman Jan 2005

Optimal Management Of Melanoma In Situ And Stage I Melanoma, Nicholas Brittain Countryman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Department Of Surgery 2005-2006 Annual Report Yale University School Of Medicine / Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School Of Medicine Department Of Surgery Jan 2005

Department Of Surgery 2005-2006 Annual Report Yale University School Of Medicine / Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale School Of Medicine Department Of Surgery

Yale Department of Surgery Bulletins

Annual report for 2005-2006.

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Protecting Biodiversity: A Guide To Criteria Used By Global Conservation Organizations, Elizabeth A. Gordon, Oscar E. Franco, Mary L. Tyrrell Jan 2005

Protecting Biodiversity: A Guide To Criteria Used By Global Conservation Organizations, Elizabeth A. Gordon, Oscar E. Franco, Mary L. Tyrrell

Yale School of the Environment Publications Series

No abstract provided.

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Medicine@Yale October/November 2005 Volume 1, Issue 3, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2005

Medicine@Yale October/November 2005 Volume 1, Issue 3, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

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The Life And Work Of Nick Fofonoff, T. J. Mcdougall, R. W. Schmitt, G. Veronis, F. Webster Jan 2005

The Life And Work Of Nick Fofonoff, T. J. Mcdougall, R. W. Schmitt, G. Veronis, F. Webster

Journal of Marine Research

Nicholas Paul Fofonoff was born August 18, 1929, and raised on a small farm near Queenstown in Alberta, Canada. His parents spoke only Russian at home, so Nick did not learn English until he attended the two-room school that served the first six grades for the town of 200. He was the second born of four, the prince among three sisters. The small school meant he was exposed to several grades at a time and could advance quickly. He also learned many practical skills on the farm from a clever father and the necessity to be self-sufficient. It was a …

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The Material Derivative Of Neutral Density, Trevor J. Mcdougall, David R. Jackett Jan 2005

The Material Derivative Of Neutral Density, Trevor J. Mcdougall, David R. Jackett

Journal of Marine Research

An expression for the rate of change of neutral density following a fluid parcel (the material derivative) is derived and checked numerically. This expression can be used to quantify the degree to which neutral density varies even under purely adiabatic and isohaline motions. We also present an approximate form of neutral density, namely a rational function of only two variables, either salinity and conservative temperature or salinity and potential temperature.

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Diffusively-Driven Overturning Of A Stable Density Gradient, Andrew F. Thompson, George Veronis Jan 2005

Diffusively-Driven Overturning Of A Stable Density Gradient, Andrew F. Thompson, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

We present the results of an experimental study on the formation and propagation of thermohaline intrusions from an initial state that is stably stratified in two diffusing components. The intrusions form in a layer that contains compensating horizontal gradients of the two components and that lies above a denser reservoir layer that is homogeneous. In the initial state, a vertical barrier separates the upper layer into two half layers each with a different concentration but with the same density. Differential diffusion of solute from the reservoir into the upper layer initiates intrusions that are separated by an interface and that …

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Preformed Phosphate, Soft Tissue Pump And Atmospheric Co2, Takamitsu Ito, Michael J. Follows Jan 2005

Preformed Phosphate, Soft Tissue Pump And Atmospheric Co2, Takamitsu Ito, Michael J. Follows

Journal of Marine Research

We develop a new theory relating atmospheric pCO2 and the efficiency of the soft tissue pump of CO2 in the ocean, measured by P*, a quasi-conservative tracer. P* is inversely correlated with preformed phosphate, and its global average represents the fraction of nutrients transported by the export and remineralization of organic material. This view is combined with global conservation constraints for carbon and nutrients leading to a theoretical prediction for the sensitivity of atmospheric pCO2 to changes in globally averaged P*. The theory is supported by sensitivity studies with a more complex, …

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Homoclinic Bifurcations In The Quasi-Geostrophic Double-Gyre Circulation, Eric Simonnet, Michael Ghil, Henk Dijkstra Jan 2005

Homoclinic Bifurcations In The Quasi-Geostrophic Double-Gyre Circulation, Eric Simonnet, Michael Ghil, Henk Dijkstra

Journal of Marine Research

The wind-driven double-gyre circulation in a rectangular basin goes through several dynamical regimes as the amount of lateral friction is decreased. This paper studies the transition to irregular flow in the double-gyre circulation by applying dynamical systems methodology to a quasi-geostrophic, equivalent-barotropic model with a 10-km resolution.The origin of the irregularities, in space and time, is the occurrence of homoclinic bifurcations that involve phase-space behavior far from stationary solutions. The connection between these homoclinic bifurcations and earlier transitions, which occur at larger lateral friction, is explained. The earlier transitions, such as pitchfork and asymmetric Hopf bifurcation, only involve the nonlinear …

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The Variability Of The East Sakhalin Current Induced By Winds Over The Continental Shelf And Slope, Genta Mizuta, Kay I. Ohshima, Yasushi Fukamachi, Masaaki Wakatsuchi Jan 2005

The Variability Of The East Sakhalin Current Induced By Winds Over The Continental Shelf And Slope, Genta Mizuta, Kay I. Ohshima, Yasushi Fukamachi, Masaaki Wakatsuchi

Journal of Marine Research

Long-term current measurements of the East Sakhalin Current (ESC) in the Sea of Okhotsk are analyzed using the technique of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) in the frequency domain. The first and second EOFs at subtidal frequencies represent motions over the continental shelf and slope, respectively, corresponding to the variability of the two cores of the intense ESC. The first EOF can be explained by the first-mode coastal trapped wave (CTW). The structure of the second EOF is similar to that of the second-mode CTW to the first approximation. According to the distribution of the cross-spectra between EOFs and the wind …

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Effects Of Habitat Complexity And Hydrodynamics On The Abundance And Diversity Of Small Invertebrates Colonizing Artificial Substrates, Nazan Atilla, John W. Fleeger, Christopher M. Finelli Jan 2005

Effects Of Habitat Complexity And Hydrodynamics On The Abundance And Diversity Of Small Invertebrates Colonizing Artificial Substrates, Nazan Atilla, John W. Fleeger, Christopher M. Finelli

Journal of Marine Research

Invertebrate colonization in a shallow estuarine embayment was studied with the use of artificial substrates (bottle brushes) to create and mimic complex habitats. Substrates were manipulated to obtain varying levels of habitat density and surface area by shortening and/or removing bristles from the brushes. Complexity was quantified as the total surface area of bristles and bristle surface area within the geometric volume of the substrate (i.e., bristle density). Short-bristled brushes provided greater habitat density while long-bristled brushes provided larger surface area within the same removal treatment. Abundance of invertebrates that recruited from the water column (mostly from the meiobenthos) averaged …

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Intense Short-Period Internal Waves In The Ocean, Konstantin Sabinin, Andrey Serebryany Jan 2005

Intense Short-Period Internal Waves In The Ocean, Konstantin Sabinin, Andrey Serebryany

Journal of Marine Research

Trains of quasi-periodic high-frequency internal waves (IWs) of large amplitude are common in the upper thermocline of the ocean. Sources for these waves may be different ones but it is not always possible to experimentally establish them for certain. We analyzed results of many IW experiments carried out in different representative regions of the World Ocean, including continental margins in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, in the northwestern Pacific at Kamchatka, the Seyshelles-Mascarene bottom rise, and some regions of the open ocean where the intense short-period IWs occur. Comparative analysis of the intense IWs observed in the Mid-Atlantic Bight and at Kamchatka …

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Speculations On A Schematic Theory Of The Younger Dryas, Carl Wunsch Jan 2005

Speculations On A Schematic Theory Of The Younger Dryas, Carl Wunsch

Journal of Marine Research

The possible implications of a change in deep ocean mixing generated by the abrupt coverage of continental shelves during deglaciation is explored schematically. A simple Cartesian continental shelf/deep ocean tidal model is used to mimic the behavior of tidal dissipation at a variety of frequencies relative to a basin-near-resonance. The actual estimated sea level curve is then used to calculate a representative deep water tidal dissipation through time, which is then translated by means of a one-dimensional loop flow to explore the implications of a change in deep ocean mixing. It is possible to pick parameters for the loop model, …

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Adjusting Household Structure: School Enrollment Impacts Of Child Fostering In Burkina Faso, Richard Akresh Nov 2004

Adjusting Household Structure: School Enrollment Impacts Of Child Fostering In Burkina Faso, Richard Akresh

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

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Estimated Age Effects In Athletic Events And Chess, Ray C. Fair Nov 2004

Estimated Age Effects In Athletic Events And Chess, Ray C. Fair

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Rates of decline are estimated using record bests by age for chess and for various track and field, road running, and swimming events. Using a fairly flexible functional form, the estimates show linear percent decline between age 35 and about age 70 and then quadratic decline after that. Chess shows much less decline than the physical activities. Rates of decline are generally larger for the longer distances, and for swimming they are larger for women than for men. An advantage of using best-performance records to estimate rates of decline is that the records are generally based on very large samples. …

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The Industrial Symbiosis Research Symposium At Yale: Advancing The Study Of Industry And Environment, Marian Chertow, Weslynne Ashton, Radha Kuppalli Nov 2004

The Industrial Symbiosis Research Symposium At Yale: Advancing The Study Of Industry And Environment, Marian Chertow, Weslynne Ashton, Radha Kuppalli

Yale School of the Environment Publications Series

Industrial symbiosis (IS), a sub-field of industrial ecology, is principally concerned with the cooperative management of resource flows through networks of businesses as a means of approaching ecologically sustainable industrial activity. Isolated researchers in a broad range of disciplines have investigated industrial symbiosis from a variety of starting points without a common agenda. The Industrial Symbiosis Research Symposium was held in January 2004 at Yale University, bringing together more than 30 experts from 15 countries to discuss critical questions and issues in this emerging area.The purpose of the Symposium was to give researchers an opportunity to share their knowledge and …

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Nota Bene; Volume Xviii, Number Ii, Yale University Library Oct 2004

Nota Bene; Volume Xviii, Number Ii, Yale University Library

Nota Bene

Nota Bene is published during the academic year to acquaint the Yale community and others with the resources of the Yale Library.

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Distribution And Politics: A Brief History And Prospect, John E. Roemer Oct 2004

Distribution And Politics: A Brief History And Prospect, John E. Roemer

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

A brief, historical review of the study of the interdependency between politics and economic distribution is offered. While the impact of economic interests on politics has been acknowledged for thousands of years, and the impact of politics on distribution for hundreds, it is only in the last thirty years that formal models of the interdependency between economic distribution and politics have been formulated. A general model of political-economic equilibrium is proposed, in which political competition and economic distribution jointly determine each other. Several examples are given. The author proposes that political economy, conceived of as studying this process of joint …

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