Digital Commons Network^™

Exploring Femoroacetabular Impingement: An Examination Of The Evolution Of The Disease And Implications For The Development Of Osteoarthritis, Raghav Badrinath

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

EXPLORING FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS. Raghav Badrinath, Daniel R. Cooperman. Section of Pediatric Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been recently elucidated as an explanation for cases of hip osteoarthritis (OA) that were previously categorized as "idiopathic". We examine three questions related to FAI - the antiquity of the cam deformity, the role of overcoverage in hip osteoarthritis and the mechanism of impingement with acetabular retroversion.

To examine the antiquity of the cam deformity, we performed proximal femoral measurements on 175 femora …

Autophagy Over The Lifespan: Using Fetal, Stem Cell, And Adult Retinal Pigment Epithelium (Rpe) Cultures To Model Amd Pathogenesis, Katherine Jean Davis

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Purpose: Dysfunctional autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been implicated as a therapeutic target in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To explore how RPE autophagy changes over the lifespan and in response to phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments (POS), we compared stem cell-derived RPE (hESC-RPE, iPS-RPE), human fetal RPE (hfRPE), the ARPE-19 cell line, and adult RPE (ad-RPE).

Methods: RPE was cultured from 16-week human fetuses and cadaveric eyes. Stem cell- derived RPE was prepared from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-RPE) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-RPE). LC3 conversion (immunoblotting) and changes in autophagy-related gene expression (qRT2-PCR) were used …

The Heterotaxy Candidate Gene, Tmem195, Regulates Nuclear Localization Of Beta-Catenin, Anna Ruth Duncan

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects 1 in every 130 newborns and is the leading cause of infant mortality (2). Heterotaxy (Htx), a disorder of left-right (LR) development, commonly leads to CHD. Despite aggressive surgical management, patients with Htx have poor survival rates and severe morbidity due to their complex CHD. Many of the genetic causes of Htx remain undefined, however, a recent genetic analysis of Htx patients identified a single mutant allele in the novel candidate gene, TMEM195 (3). TMEM195 is an alkylglyercol monooxygenase that cleaves ether lipids, but neither its molecular target nor its role in development has been …

Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase: Prognosis In Colorectal Cancer And The M1/M2 Distinction., Chi-Joan How

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Recent research has indicated that separate populations of macrophages are

associated with differing outcomes in cancer survival. In our study, we examine

macrophage expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and its effect on

survival in colon cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis on colorectal adenocarcinomas

confirmed macrophage expression of TRAP. Co-localization of TRAP with CD68, a pan

macrophage marker, revealed that TRAP is present in some but not all subpopulations of

macrophages. Further co-localization of TRAP with CD163, an M2 marker, revealed that

TRAP is expressed by both M2 and non-M2 macrophages. TRAP expression was then

measured using the AQUA method of …

Novel Mechanisms Of Trophoblast Responses To Antiphospholipid Antibodies And Therapeutics In Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Stefan Mathias Gysler

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and an increased risk of recurrent pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. Current treatments, such as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) may maintain pregnancy but do not reduce the risk of these late gestational complications. aPL trigger placental inflammation by activating trophoblast Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to cytokine production. Since some microRNAs (miRs) regulate TLR responses, this study sought to determine the functional role of aPL-induced miR expression in regulating trophoblast inflammation. Since vitamin D deficiency is common in APS patients, the effect of vitamin D …

Neuropsychological Testing Impairment In Acute Hiv And The Effects Of Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy, Idil Kore

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Acute HIV infection (AHI) is accompanied by central nervous system infection and immune activation. We investigated baseline predictors of neuropsychological (NP) performance in Thai participants with AHI and the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on domains of functioning known to be affected by HIV.

36 participants with AHI (89% male, median age of 28 years, median time since HIV exposure of 19 days) were evaluated at baseline and 3 and 6 months after ART. Performance on the Grooved Pegboard test (GP), Color Trails 1 & 2 (CT1, CT2), and Trails Making Test A (TM) were standardized to 251 age and …

Evaluating Targeted And Immunomodulatory Therapies For Melanoma In A Genetically Engineered Mouse Melanoma Model, Billy Lockhart

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Melanoma therapy has changed rapidly due to the emergence of new therapies: MAPK-pathway targeted drugs and immunomodulatory agents. Given the relative success of these new individual drugs, this work set out to evaluate and develop effective melanoma treatments using combination therapies in a preclinical mouse melanoma models. Therapies tested include BRAF kinase inhibition in combination with: immune checkpoint inhibitors anti-CTLA4, anti-PDL1, and with the topical TLR7/8 agonist imiquimod. Drugs efficacies were tested in established melanomas in a conditional inducible mouse melanoma model based on activation of Braf and beta catenin and loss of Pten. 
BRAF inhibition in combination with anti-CTLA-4/anti-PD-L1 …

Correlates Of Cocaine Use In Pregnancy, Regina Marie Melendez

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: Cocaine is the third most commonly used illicit substance in pregnancy. Few studies exist to specifically look for correlates of cocaine use in pregnancy.

Objective: To identify correlates of frequency of cocaine use in pregnancy

Methods: We analyzed retrospective data from 50 postpartum women with a history of cocaine use or dependence who participated in a treatment trial for postpartum cocaine use. Study variables included severity of baseline cocaine use, age of onset of use, comorbid mental illness, poly-substance use, trauma and social support history. Data were analyzed using GLMM Negative Binomial Regression.

Results: The strongest correlate of cocaine …

Symptoms Of Depression Are Linked To Subsequent Recurrent Chest Pain In Patients Admitted To An Emergency Department Chest Pain Unit., Summer Paradise

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION ARE LINKED TO SUBSEQUENT RECURRENT CHEST PAIN IN PATIENTS ADMITTED TO AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT CHEST PAIN UNIT. Summer A. Paradise, Matt Naftilan, James Dziura, Aini Jelani, Morgan Soffler and Basmah Safdar. Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Prior studies suggest a high prevalence of depression in patients with chest pain, but few US studies have examined depression and recurrent chest pain in the emergency room setting. This study sought to compare symptoms of depression, socio-demographic features, and clinical features between low-moderate-risk emergency room (ER) chest pain center (CPC) patients with and …

A 35-Year Analysis Of Gender Trends In Radiology Authorship, Crystal Piper

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Purpose: To describe trends in authorship among female radiologists, compared to their overall representation in radiology, and to investigate the tendency of female first authors to publish with female last authors.

Material and Methods: We collected and analyzed data on gender of first and last authors for all original research and guest editorial articles from three main radiology journals - Radiology, American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR), and Academic Radiology. We restricted our analysis to authors with M.D. (medical doctorate) degrees from academic institutions within the United States. Manuscript data were collected for years 1978, 1998, 2008, and 2013. We obtained …

Tissue Engineering The Neural Retina With Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Exploring The Role Of The Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Yu Cheng Peter Zhao

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

In order to restore vision in the late stages of retinal degeneration, it is necessary to address loss of cells from both the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the neural retina. As a step towards generating neural retinal tissue for translational studies, we evaluated a biodegradable polymer scaffold as a three-dimensional vehicle for the directed differentiation of H9 human embryonic stem cells (H9-hESC) into neural retina. Polymer scaffolds were electrospun from 14% w/v polycaprolactone (PCL), approximated the thickness of native neural retina, and consisted of loose, randomly oriented fibers of subcellular diameter. H9-hESC were seeded to PCL scaffolds, cultured in …

Prevalence Of Malaria And Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency In Malaria-Endemic Southwestern Uganda: Implications For Primaquine Use, Michelle Roh

Public Health Theses

Abstract

Introduction: Malaria transmission in Uganda is remarkably heterogeneous, and declines in prevalence have not been uniform. Previous surveys in southwestern Uganda have shown declines in parasite prevalence from 2004 to 2010. As malaria transmission continues to decline in southwestern Uganda, aggressive strategies, such as the addition of primaquine (PQ) to artemisinin-combination therapies (ACTs), are being considered in low transmission settings. Despite the potential benefit of PQ in reducing transmission, concerns over its safety and efficacy have hampered its deployment. In particular, those with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are at a higher risk of hemolytic toxicity.

Methods: To better assess …

Identification Of Fetal Genomic Copy Number Deletions Associated With Preeclamptic Mothers In The Caucasian Population, Tze-An Yuan

Public Health Theses

Genetic determinants that are associated with preeclampsia still remain elusive

nowadays, which might have resulted from limited understanding of the underlying

pathogenesis mechanisms and the fetal contributions. By using genome-wide association study approach, we identified 2 candidate copy number deletions of the highest odds ratio ranking on chromosome 1 and 19, from 283 US white babies born by the mothers with preeclampsia. Based on the molecular and biological functions of the genes entailed the deleted regions, which contain CTSK, ARNT, and ACTN4, we proposed that these two candidate genomic deletions might be associated with preeclampsia. In a further attempt to …

Describing The Health Care Needs Of School-Age Children In Sub-Saharan Africa In Order To Develop A Model Of A Nurse-Run School-Based Health Clinic, Bonnie Tong

Yale School of Nursing Digital Theses

Objective: Rural Kenya is affected by health disparities and poor health outcomes among school-age children. This paper identifies gaps in health care among school-aged children in rural Kenya, in order to identify a health care model to meet those gaps.

Design: The results of a systematic review on the health care needs were triangulated with field notes from interviews of stakeholders in a rural Kenyan village. Needs were then compared with currently available health care resources to identify gaps.

Sample: Multiple databases were searched to identify relevant articles published between the years 2000- 2014. Interviews were conducted with health workers, …

Prenatal Medication Use And Autistic Behaviors In A South Korean Cohort, John Keaney

Public Health Theses

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, yet a specific cause remains unknown. In this study, exposure and outcome data from a South Korean cohort (N=3,711) were analyzed to investigate the possibility of an environmental contribution to autism etiology. No significant association was observed between use of prenatal medications and autistic behaviors, as measured by Korean versions of both the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ; OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.95–1.51) and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS; OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.78–1.25). Similarly, no significant associations were observed when use of prenatal …

Spatial Distribution And Sociodemographic Composition Of High Grade Cervical Lesion Clusters In Connecticut 2008-2013, Aref Senno

Public Health Theses

Introduction: HPV is necessary for the development of invasive cervical cancer. There were 530,000 cases and 275,000 deaths attributable to cervical cancer in 2008. Since the introduction of HPV vaccines in 2006, the incidence of high grade cervical lesions (HGCL)—precancerous lesions which may develop into cervical cancer—has decreased significantly. Some changing sociodemographic trends in disease burden have been previously reported since 2008.

Objectives: The objectives of this analysis were to identify regions of Connecticut with high rates of HGCLs and to describe how trends of disease changed over time in the post-vaccine era.

Methods: This is a descriptive analysis of …

Influenza And Asthma Hospitalizations In Nyc From 2002-2012, Pauline Trinh

Public Health Theses

INTRODUCTION: The literature has focused primarily on rhinoviruses as the major determinant of asthma exacerbations. The association between other respiratory viruses such as influenza and asthma exacerbations is not well characterized and further understanding can better inform prevention strategies to reduce influenza-related asthma.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study is to determine whether asthma hospitalizations of children and adults in the five boroughs of New York City is correlated with influenza hospitalizations temporally and spatially and whether these correlations differ by county or age.

METHODS: A times series regression analysis was performed using influenza hospitalizations as the explanatory series …

A Descriptive, Comparative Health Assessment Of Unique Older-Adult Populations In Israel, Eliana Marcus Aaron

Yale School of Nursing Digital Theses

Background: Israel is among the nations with the fastest growing older adult population in the world, due to Baby Boomer aging, high immigration rates, and high life expectancies. The country is mandated to provide health coverage to all citizens, but it has historically been poorly equipped to provide geriatric health care. Israel's elders include numerous minorities and special groups, and despite research of many groups over decades, disparities continue to exist. Methods: A descriptive analysis of special geriatric populations and their health issues was performed based on national and international literature, government reports, and statistics. Results: Five research-based unique populations …

The Changing Landscape Of Oral Cavity Cancer: Analysis Of Epidemiological And Genomic Data, Ryan Aronberg

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) has been reported to have stagnant survival rates over the last generation. This report represents the first population-based study with a rigorous subsite analysis of OCSCC. Recently, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) released a broad molecular characterization of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) – however comparative genomics has not yet been performed on individual oral cavity subsites.

Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1988–2010) was used to examine 16,298 adult cases of OCSCC. Trends in tumor subsite, staging, patient demographics, treatment characteristics, and survival over time were examined. …

Counting Uncounted Gunshot Injuries: A Capture‐Recapture Study Of People Minding Their Own Business, Zev Balsen

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Objectives. To apply a novel statistical method to create a comprehensive estimate of incidence of firearm related injuries.

Methods. A database of firearms injuries in New Haven, Connecticut, during a five- month period was created with records from law enforcement, emergency departments, emergency medical services (EMS), news media, and the medical examiner. The overlap of these various sources was operationalized in a capture-recapture model to generate an estimate of uncounted firearms injuries, and log linear modeling was used to control for positive and negative dependencies.

Results. The combined data sources revealed 49 firearms injuries occurring during the study period within …

Syndecan2 Controls Vascular Smooth Muscle Development And Cytoskeletal Dynamics, Deepak Atri

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Syndecan2 is a member of the Syndecan family of transmembrane proteoglycans, expressed broadly in mammals. Syndecan2, along with Syndecan4, is expressed in the vasculature of mouse and man. Global deletion of Syndecan2 in mice does not affect viability and fertility of mice. However, it does result in defects in vascular smooth muscle cell coverage of the dermal vasculature of the mouse embryo.

We here report that lineage specific deletion of Syndecan2 in vascular smooth muscle results in delayed development of vascular smooth muscle coverage in the developing retinal vasculature. Postnatally, mice that lack Sdc2 in vascular smooth muscle mice exhibit …

Symptom Burden Among Patients Hospitalized For Heart Failure, Rabeea Feroz Khan

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization and the leading

cause of 30-day readmissions. There is great interest in developing strategies to reduce

hospital utilization in this large and growing patient population. Aside from classic heart

failure symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue, other symptoms reported include decreased

appetite, pain and anxiety. These symptoms may be amenable to treatment and patients hospitalized with heart failure may benefit from intensive symptom management in the

form of palliative care. There is limited data in the heart failure population about symptom burden both during hospitalization and shortly after hospital …

Predictors Of Response In The Multimodal Treatment Of Attention Deficit And Hyperactivity Disorder Trial, Natalie Lastra

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Baseline clinical characteristics can be used to predict treatment response in children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This analysis aimed to identify empirically derived subgroups of children with ADHD based on likelihood of response to treatment within the 4 randomly assigned treatment groups of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA).

To identify clinical characteristics of predictive value selected data points were utilized for regression and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. Response to treatment at 14 months (defined as a 25-30% reduction in standardized score of symptoms obtained from the SNAP scale) for each treatment …

Sandy Sediment Budget Of The Midcoast Of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil, Lucas Marchi De Motta, Elírio Ernestino Toldo Jr., Luiz Emílio De Sá Brito De Ameida, José Carlos Nunes

Journal of Marine Research

Calculation of the coastal sediment budget involves estimation of the timing and intensity of processes of erosion, transport, and deposition, as well as an understanding of local and regional sediment dynamics. The modern sedimentary deposits present in the coastal zone constitute the physical basis of coastal ecosystems. Knowledge of the dynamics of these sediments from the source to sink area, through regional sediment management, is critical to understanding the long-term stability of the coastal zone and the fate of these important natural resources. In this article, the littoral cell concept has been applied to the midcoast of Rio Grande do …

Water Masses And Nutrient Sources To The Gulf Of Maine, David W. Townsend, Neal R. Pettigrew, Maura A. Thomas, Mark G. Neary, Dennis J. Mcgillicuddy Jr., James O'Donnell

Journal of Marine Research

The Gulf of Maine, a semienclosed basin on the continental shelf of the northwest Atlantic Ocean, is fed by surface and deep water flows from outside the gulf: Scotian Shelf Water (SSW) from the Nova Scotian shelf that enters the gulf at the surface and slope water that enters at depth and along the bottom through the Northeast Channel. There are two distinct types of slope water, Labrador Slope Water (LSW) and Warm Slope Water (WSW); it is these deep water masses that are the major source of dissolved inorganic nutrients to the gulf. It has been known for some …

Medicine@Yale October/November 2015 Volume 11, Issue 2, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Bulletin Of Yale University School Of Nursing 2015-2016, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 111, Number 15

September 5, 2015

Annual Report 2014, Novo Banco

Documents

No abstract provided.

Yale School Of Medicine Facts & Figures 2015-2016, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Facts & Figures – annual Yale School of Medicine numbers

Provided by the Office of Communications, the Facts and Figures brochure is produced annually as a way to provide a snapshot of key facts and data related to the School of Medicine as well as the Medical Campus. This includes enrollment data, research activity, financial summaries, and more.

Annual Report 2014, Novo Banco S.A.

Documents

No abstract provided.