Digital Commons Network^™

Racism-Related Stress And Health Behaviors And Outcomes Among Emerging Adult Sexual Minority Men Of Asian Heritage, Lauren Li-Min Chin

Public Health Theses

Rationale: Acts of racial discrimination impart racism-related stress on the individual and have been linked to decreased psychological well-being and physical health. While there are numerous studies of other groups of sexual minority (SM) men of color in this area, little research has focused on HIV-negative, Asian-identifying SM men. Objectives: This study investigates whether racism-related stress is associated with substance use, general and oral health outcomes, and attitudes towards PrEP in a sample of emerging adult Asian SM men. The study also evaluates whether these behaviors affect the relationships between racism-related stress and the other outcomes. Methods: This secondary data …

Awareness Of Racial Disparities Among Breast Cancer Providers, Inessa Cohen

Public Health Theses

Background: Cancer patients who self-identify as Black and Hispanic are more likely to receive delays in care as compared to their Non-Hispanic White counterparts. Current research suggests that while providers are aware of racial-ethnic disparities in access to treatment at a nationallevel, they either fail to recognize hospital-level or practice-level disparities (occurring within the provider’s own clinical care) or attribute it to patient-level factors. However, this phenomenon of decreased awareness among providers regarding factors specific to them or their hospital/practice is not well understood and has yet to be studied in the oncology space. Methods: We conducted a non-randomized pre-post …

Perceptions Of Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis And Correlates Of Interest Among Women At Shebeens In Rural South Africa, Arielle Kaminer Hazi

Public Health Theses

Background: South Africa has the highest HIV burden in the world. In KwaZulu-Natal province, 27% of adults are living with HIV and 25% of new cases are in adolescent girls and young women. High prevalence of hazardous alcohol use complicates delivery of HIV testing, care, and prevention services. Gaps exist in knowledge on alcohol use among rural women and the association with HIV outcomes. We sought to understand facilitators and barriers to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation in women, focusing on local alcohol venues, called shebeens.Methods: Surveys and interviews conducted among women attending shebeens assessed alcohol use, HIV risk behaviors, …

Prostate Cancer Clinical Characteristics And Treatment Among Asian-American Persons In The United States: An Analysis Of The National Cancer Database 2004-2020, Farah Jeong

Public Health Theses

Introduction: Given the considerable cultural diversity within the Asian population, numerous factors can significantly impact health status and management. Objective: This study examined the differences in demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and treatment status among each Asian American patient with PCa compared to non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black patients by analyzing PCa dataset from National Cancer Database (NCDB) 2004-2020 data. Methods: Patients (n=860,669) with localized PCa diagnosed between 2004 and 2020 who identified as White, Black, Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Korean, Vietnamese, Asian Indian, or Pakistani within NCDB were extracted and stratified by risk level: low-risk and intermediate/high-risk. The effect of racial …

Depression And Anxiety Among Plurisexual Teens In The U.S., Olivia Goodwin

Public Health Theses

Background: Little research focuses on the mental health consequences of stigma for plurisexual teens, with even less research comparing cisgender plurisexual youth to nonbinary plurisexual youth.Aims: To assess whether having both a marginalized sexual orientation and a marginalized gender identity is associated with greater risk or greater resilience in depression and anxiety outcomes among teens in the US. Methods: Data was analyzed from the 2022 LGBTQ Teen Survey. Inclusion in the study required being an English speaker living in the US, being 13-18 years old, and identifying as cisgender and plurisexual (n=1547) or gender nonbinary and plurisexual (n=1867). Statistical tests …

Psychological Resilience In U.S. Military Veterans: Results From The 2019-2020 National Health And Resilience In Veterans Study, Michael Georgescu

Public Health Theses

Psychological resilience is the most common response following exposure to traumatic life events. To date, most research has focused on factors associated with adverse post-trauma mental health outcomes rather than understanding those associated with psychological resilience. In particular, little is known about factors associated with resilience in veterans, despite their high rates of trauma exposure, such as combat and military sexual trauma. To address this gap, we used a discrepancy-based psychiatric resilience (DBPR) analytic approach to operationalize resilience and to identify modifiable health and psychosocial factors associated with resilience in a nationally representative sample of U.S. veterans (N = 4,069). …

Barriers And Facilitators For Implementing The Who Safe Childbirth Checklist In Mozambique: A Qualitative Study Using The Consolidated Framework For Implementation Research (Cfir), Anqi He

Public Health Theses

High maternal and neonatal mortality rates persist in Mozambique, with the issues of stillbirth remaining understudied. Most maternal and neonatal deaths in the country are due to preventable and treatable direct childbirth-related complications that often occur in low-resource settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) in 2015 to reduce adverse birth outcomes. The SCC, a structured list of evidence-based practices, targets the main causes of maternal and neonatal deaths and stillbirths in healthcare facilities. Despite successful implementation in over 15 countries, the SCC has not been adopted in Mozambique. This study aimed to identify potential …

Prevention Of Mother-To-Child Transmission Of Hiv(Pmtct) Efforts In Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: Lessons From Botswana, Jin Hee Kim

Public Health Theses

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be an ongoing problem, scale up of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services remains a priority. Between 2001 and 2012 globally, the 52% decline of new pediatric HIV infection was attributed to the expansion of PMTCT services. In December of 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that Botswana was certified as having attained the silver-tier status in the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, because it had successfully reduced the MTCT rate to less than 5%, had provided antenatal care (ANC) and antiretroviral …

Protection Against Cholera From Killed Whole-Cell Oral Cholera (Kocv) Vaccines: Systematic Review And Meta-Regression Of Randomized Control Trials And Observational Studies, Helena Hojeong Kwon

Public Health Theses

Introduction: Although killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (kOCVs) are widely used as a part of cholera control strategy, mixed evidence around the vaccine induced protection remains.Objectives: The primary objective of this systematic review was to update estimates of kOCV protection: vaccine efficacy and effectiveness. A secondary objective was to estimate the waning dynamic of kOCV protection by duration of follow-up. Methods: On August 15th, 2022, we searched for randomized control trials and observational studies that reported kOCV protection in low- and middle-income countries on PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and The Cochrane Review Library with a start date …

“Recovery Is About Change, So You Have To Change Everything” Exploring The Evolution Of Recovery Capital Among Women In Substance Use Disorder Treatment, Elizabeth Jadovich

Public Health Theses

Recovery capital is an emerging framework in the field of addiction that aims to understand substance use disorder recovery holistically by considering an individual’s access to resources across the four domains of human, physical, social, and community capital. The underrepresentation of women’s experiences in substance use research as well as the limited understanding of substance use disorder treatment’s effect on recovery capital development poses specific challenges to women’s development and maintenance of recovery capital resources while in treatment. This secondary qualitative analysis of data collected from the larger RENEW study explores the experiences of 19 women actively enrolled in substance …

A Systematic Review Of The Effect Of Maternal Circadian Disruption During Pregnancy On Adverse Fetal Outcomes, Siyu Jiang

Public Health Theses

Exposure to a suboptimal pregnant environment can raise the risk of offspring experiencing a variety of diseases in later life. Circadian rhythms play an important role in endocrine system, physiological and psychological functions. Potentially, interruption of the circadian rhythm in pregnant women might impair fetal growth and lead to adverse effects on the children. In the modern world, millions of women experience circadian disruption during pregnancy due to night shift work, excessive light at night, and jet travel across time zones. However, the impact of maternal chrono-disruption during pregnancy on the health of the second generation remains largely unknown. The …

Drivers Of Global Waterborne Disease Transmission Following Extreme Precipitation Events: A Systematic Review, Claire Latendresse

Public Health Theses

Precipitation events such as hurricanes, typhoons, and heavy rainfall can have devastating impacts on water and sanitation infrastructure around the world and have led to large-scale waterborne outbreaks. As climate change amplifies the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, it is also triggering an increase in waterborne disease transmission. This master’s thesis consists of a systematic review of academic literature pertaining to extreme precipitation events and the pathways by which they trigger waterborne outbreaks.

A systematic review of the literature in PubMed was conducted to identify waterborne disease outbreaks associated with extreme precipitation. The initial search yielded 3,248 results …

The Ethical And Legal Considerations Of Ai-Driven Healthcare In Infectious Diseases, Natalie Makableh

Public Health Theses

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been rapidly growing in the healthcare sector, with the potential to improve patient outcomes, increase efficiency, and reduce costs. However, as with any technological advancement, AI-driven healthcare presents ethical and legal challenges that must be addressed to ensure the responsible and beneficial use of the technology. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to examine the ethical and legal considerations of using AI technology in healthcare, with a particular focus on infectious diseases. With the growing use of AI in healthcare, it is crucial to evaluate its potential benefits and challenges in …

Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices (Kap) About Lassa Fever Prevention And Control: A Survey Of Three Rural Communities In Central Liberia-Epidemiology Of Microbial Diseases, Joseph Gibson Jepru Lewis

Public Health Theses

Introduction: Since the discovery of Lassa fever in 1969 in Nigeria, the disease has become endemic in many West African countries. An estimated 500,000 cases of Lassa fever virus occur each year, leading to approximately 5,000 deaths annually. Liberia continues to record outbreaks almost every subsequent year in regions once considered non-endemic. With no effective vaccines, many studies have underscored the importance for residents in Lassa-endemic regions to have good knowledge and good prevention practices in place to prevent Lassa fever.

Methods: A cross-sectional data extracted from a longitudinal, observational, cohort study conducted using voluntary participant self-reported and study visits …

Informal Electrical And Electronics Waste Recycling And Its Health Impacts: Evidence From Developing Countries, Zhen Liu

Public Health Theses

E-waste informal recycling poses severe threats to the environment and public health. This review provides an update to the 2013 and 2021 reviews, which systematically assessed adverse human health impacts associated with e-waste exposure. For this review, e-waste population health studies published between Jan 29, 2020 and Feb 23, 2023 were included. Databases including PubMed, Web of Knowledge, PsycNET, CNKI, Wanfang Data were searched, and the languages were not limited to English. Of the 4097 identified records, 58 studies examined the association between e-waste exposure and health, and are original studies based on population health outcomes. Current studies consistently support …

Early Life Growth Patterns Among Infants Of Mothers With Diabetes, Hedy Ludwig

Public Health Theses

AbstractObjective: Exposure to diabetes during pregnancy increases the risk of insulin resistance, obesity, and cardiometabolic disease in offspring. Limited research exists regarding early postnatal growth patterns among moderate preterm and term infants. This study aims to evaluate growth patterns during the early postnatal period among term and moderate preterm infants of mothers with and without diabetes during pregnancy. Methods: In a prospective longitudinal analysis using data from Yale New Haven Hospital (YNHH), characteristics from term and moderate preterm infants were compared between diabetes exposure groups (n=148). Percent change in weight from birth to hospital discharge was compared between diabetes exposure …

Menopausal Status, Age At Menopause, And Associations With 1-Year Angina Burden Among Women In Recovery From Acute Myocardial Infarction Enrolled In The Virgo Study, Tamara Dorothy Mehta

Public Health Theses

Background: Current knowledge is limited on the association between early age at menopause (AAM) and angina during recovery from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in young women. We assessed the differences in 1-year angina burden post-AMI among women in pre/peri-menopause phases compared to post-menopausal women stratified by their AAM. Methods: Among patients in the VIRGO study, 1,948 women were categorized into four groups: a reference group of those in their pre/peri-menopause phase (n=917), post-menopausal women who reached AAM at 40 years or younger (n=337), AAM between 41-49 years (n=476), and AAM between 50-55 years (n=218). Angina burden was assessed from Seattle-Angina …

Epidemiology Of Human Hookworm (Necator Americanus) Infection In Rural Ghana: Investigating Host-Parasite Factors That Mediate Infection, Savanna Randi

Public Health Theses

Abstract

Introduction: Hookworms are soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) that cause significant morbidity in high-risk populations, posing a global health concern in locations of rural poverty [1-5]. While there have been ventures by the World Health Organization to eliminate hookworms in Africa by 2030, there is variability in the effectiveness of current chemotherapy regimens. Studies have shown that benzimidazole anthelmintics have reduced effectiveness, and people living in endemic areas are quickly reinfected [6]. Critical gaps remain in understanding parasite-host interactions within communities, further challenging successful disease control. A study initiated in 2022 investigated the epidemiology of human hookworm infection in Beposo, Ghana. …

Exploring The Experiences Of Intergenerational Trauma And Coping Mechanisms Among African American Women: A Qualitative Study, Esthel Nam

Public Health Theses

This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of intergenerational trauma and coping mechanisms among African American women. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 9 participants, and the “Transactional Model of Stress and Coping” was used to analyze the data. The results revealed complex and interconnected forms of trauma, including historical trauma, adverse childhood experiences, death, and sexual abuse. Participants also utilized a range of coping mechanisms, including spirituality, social support, self-care, and therapy. The identified codes and subthemes provide a comprehensive understanding of the different forms of trauma that participants experienced, and the various strategies they adopted and utilized to …

A Geospatial Analysis Of Demographic Characteristics And Environmental Burdens In Communities Near Superfund Sites, Long Island, New York, Fintan Mooney

Public Health Theses

Nassau and Suffolk Counties of Long Island, New York, have over 30 federal Superfund sites, which may contribute to increased health inequities in nearby communities due to potential drinking water contamination and air pollutant emissions. We assessed the proximity to Superfund sites on Long Island in relation to community demographics and the presence of other environmental burdens. Data were obtained from the 2022 United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Justice Screening and Mapping Tool (EJScreen) and included proximity to Superfund sites (operationalized through the EJScreen distance weighting score), presence of other environmental hazards, and sociodemographic variables from the U.S. Census …

Examining The Impacts Of Stress And Negative Affect On Eating And Weight Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis, Taylor Spadory

Public Health Theses

Overweight and obesity have become incredibly pressing public health issues in the United States. Rising rates of prevalence pose grave risks to population health and underscore the need for a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to increased eating and weight gain. While stress and negative affect (NA) have been recognized as possible predictors, the literature is inconsistent and experimental studies have produced mixed results. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive quantitative meta-analysis to assess the prospective effects of stress and NA on eating and weight outcomes, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We …

From Theory To Practice: Zoonotic Spillover, One Health And The Role Of Local Indigenous Communities, Pranav Prabhu Savanur

Public Health Theses

This paper discusses the impact of zoonotic spillovers on public health and the need for a One Health approach to preventing future pandemics. Zoonotic spillovers occur when pathogens are transmitted from animals to humans, facilitated by anthropogenic land changes, migration or trade, increased human-animal contact, and poor biosafety. However, anthropogenic land use change is the primary driver for zoonotic spillovers. Most emerging infectious diseases in humans are of zoonotic origin, and the impact of these spillovers on public health is significant. The paper emphasizes the need to prevent spillover events for primary pandemic prevention, which requires a coordinated and collaborative …

Achieving Success[Ion] In Healthcare Leadership: Building An Immersive Nurse Manager Residency Program, Natalie Marie Fucito

Yale School of Nursing Digital Theses

Succession in nursing leadership is essential to the success of the profession. Successful nurse leaders prove cost effective to organizations by promoting key patient outcome indicators and attributes associated with a decrease in staff nurse turnover. Professional development opportunities and mentorship prove successful in retaining nurse managers to advance healthcare leadership. However, literature shows that new nurse managers lack those professional development and mentoring experiences that contribute to their success in this crucial role. In an era where volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity remain constants for new healthcare leaders, a change in traditional professional development programs is key to sustaining …

Enhancing Self-Efficacy Of Novice And Emerging Nurse Leaders Through A Virtual Emotional Intelligence Education Program, Josephine C. C. Garcesa-Duque

Yale School of Nursing Digital Theses

Nursing leaders are not equipped to meet the current challenges in healthcare landscapes (Sihvola et al., 2022). Significantly, 51.4% of novice nurse managers have the intent to leave within the next two years (Warden et al., 2021). Lack of traditional leadership development programs focused on emotional intelligence competency building, is one of the contributing factors (Spano-Szekely et al., 2016). Evidence shows that Emotional Intelligence (EI) associated with transformational leadership styles can influence job satisfaction and retention of NM & clinical staff (Frias et al., 2021). This DNP project developed and implemented an Emotional Intelligence (EI) Leadership Development Program, adapted from …

Addressing Social Needs And Creating Community Linkage Pathways For Vulnerable Populations In Primary Care Practice Settings, Mindy Marie Matthews

Yale School of Nursing Digital Theses

Social risk factors, the social determinants of health associated with negative health outcomes, drive patient-level social needs that contribute to health inequalities, high medical cost, overutilization of services, and have a greater impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life than chronic diseases (Krist et al., 2020). While there seems to be a consensus on the importance of addressing social factors, most health systems lack the infrastructure to develop the screening and referral protocols required to address social needs (Alley et al., 2020). Primary care has been identified as a key setting to introduce strategies around identifying at-risk patients with …

Reducing 30-Day Readmission Rates For Copd Patients: A Care Standardization & Quality Improvement Project, Oana Raluca Randolph

Yale School of Nursing Digital Theses

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that affects millions of Americans and accounts for close to 700,000 hospitalizations per year. On average, about 20% of patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of COPD are readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. The quality of care delivered to COPD patients is often suboptimal and fragmented, contributing to unfavorable patient outcomes, and high rates of readmissions. The purpose of this DNP project was to reduce 30-day readmissions and improve quality of care by developing and implementing a standardized Discharge Care Bundle for COPD patients in the …

Annual Report 2022 (Pillar Securitisation), Pillar Securitisation

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No abstract provided.

Discount Window Primary Credit Rate, Federal Reserve System: Federal Reserve Bank Of St. Louis

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No abstract provided.

Svb Financial Group Systemic Risk Report—Fr Y-15, Dan Beck

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No abstract provided.

German Federal Agency For Financial Market Stabilization-Overview Of Measures Of The Fms, German Federal Agency For Financial Market Stabilization

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No abstract provided.