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Potentiometric Analysis Of Sea Water I. Determination Of Chlorinity, Lloyd E. West, Rex J. Robinson Jan 1941

Potentiometric Analysis Of Sea Water I. Determination Of Chlorinity, Lloyd E. West, Rex J. Robinson

Journal of Marine Research

In general the determination of chlorinity of sea water is made by the classical Mohr method except when greater accuracy is desired in which case the more accurate but longer Volhard method is used. When the results are utilized for hydrodynamical considerations the Mohr method is normally used because of its speed in the titration of the numerous samples; but to attain the accuracy required in this exacting work, extreme care is demanded with the shaking during titration and in the proper selection of end point.

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Transport Of The Florida Current Off Habana, R. B. Montgomery Jan 1941

Transport Of The Florida Current Off Habana, R. B. Montgomery

Journal of Marine Research

This report is an analysis of four Atlantis sections across the Florida Current in the locality between Key West and Habana. In particular the volume transport of the current is calculated from the mass distribution observed on these four sections. The assumptions for the calculations are critically discussed, making use of records of sea level at Key West.

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Internal Waves In The Gulf Of California, W. H. Munk Jan 1941

Internal Waves In The Gulf Of California, W. H. Munk

Journal of Marine Research

Between February 13 and March 19, 1939 the "E. W. Scripps," research vessel of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography occupied fifty-three oceanographic stations in the Gulf of California. On the basis of observations of temperature and salinity which were taken at every station at a series of depths a chart of the dynamic topography of the surface relative to the 1500-decibar surface was derived, but this chart does not indicate any regular exchange of water between the Gulf and the adjacent part of the Pacific....

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Depth Relationships Of Plankton Diatoms In Sea Water, W. E. Allen Jan 1941

Depth Relationships Of Plankton Diatoms In Sea Water, W. E. Allen

Journal of Marine Research

For more than twenty years I have been directly interested in the space relationships of marine plankton organisms. Not least among the unsolved problems of these relationships is that of the maintenance of residence at appropriate depths by microscopic creatures, e. g., the plankton diatoms....

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Observations On Transparency In The Southwestern Section Of The North Atlantic Ocean, George L. Clarke Jan 1941

Observations On Transparency In The Southwestern Section Of The North Atlantic Ocean, George L. Clarke

Journal of Marine Research

The present measurements were undertaken to extend our knowledge of the transparency of ocean waters to areas to the south of the Bermuda region and to the east of the Caribbean region beyond the limits of earlier investigations ( Oster and Clarke, 1935; Clarke, 1938 and 1939)....

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Volume 7. Article 3. Plankton Studies. Iii. Long Island Sound., Gordon A. Riley Jan 1941

Volume 7. Article 3. Plankton Studies. Iii. Long Island Sound., Gordon A. Riley

Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection

No abstract provided.

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The Determination Of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen In Sea Water, Theodor Von Brand, Norris W. Rakestraw Jan 1941

The Determination Of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen In Sea Water, Theodor Von Brand, Norris W. Rakestraw

Journal of Marine Research

The dissolved organic nitrogen occurring in the sea has so far received the least attention of all the nitrogen-containing fractions. As Krogh (1) has pointed out, it is present in relatively large amounts but is apparently unavailable for use by living organisms. The present investigation was carried out to test the practicability of a more extensive study of the distribution and significance of the dissolved organic N in the sea.

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Plankton Studies V. Regional Summary, Gordon A. Riley Jan 1941

Plankton Studies V. Regional Summary, Gordon A. Riley

Journal of Marine Research

Certain aspects of phytoplankton growth which are so generally recognized as to be practically axiomatic are presented graphically in Figure 36. They are explained as follows:…

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Ninth Annual Report, Federal Home Loan Bank Board, United States: Federal Home Loan Bank Board (Fhlbb) Jan 1941

Ninth Annual Report, Federal Home Loan Bank Board, United States: Federal Home Loan Bank Board (Fhlbb)

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Potentiometric Analysis Of Sea Water Ii. Determination Of Titration Alkalinity, Lloyd E. West, Rex J. Robinson Jan 1941

Potentiometric Analysis Of Sea Water Ii. Determination Of Titration Alkalinity, Lloyd E. West, Rex J. Robinson

Journal of Marine Research

Sea water is alkaline mainly due to the presence of appreciable quantities of carbonate, bicarbonate and borate ions. These react with the H+ from the ionization of water leaving an excess of OH' present….

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The Sodium-Chlorinity Ratio Of Ocean Waters From The Northwest Pacific, Rex J. Robinson, Fred W. Knapman Jan 1941

The Sodium-Chlorinity Ratio Of Ocean Waters From The Northwest Pacific, Rex J. Robinson, Fred W. Knapman

Journal of Marine Research

Ocean water is a complex solution of many ions. The concentration of this solution varies considerably from place to place but it has been repeatedly shown that the relative concentration of the ions to each other is remarkably constant….

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Surface Cooling And Streaming In Shallow Fresh And Salt Waters, Alfred H. Woodcock Jan 1941

Surface Cooling And Streaming In Shallow Fresh And Salt Waters, Alfred H. Woodcock

Journal of Marine Research

Experimental work with thermally unstable air and liquids (Mal, 1931; Graham, 1933; Chandra, 1937; and others) has shown that the convection "cells" formed vary with the amoun t of shear, which is introduced either by the fl.ow of the fluid or by the movement of its boundaries. Changes in the flight tactics of free soaring gulls over the open ocean show that the pattern of the convectional up-fl.ow within air moving over warmer water varies with the wind speed (Woodcock, 1940). Since the air over warmer sea water moves in a fashion in part comparable to the experimental findings, it …

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Alumnae News, Yale School Of Nursing Apr 1940

Alumnae News, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Alumni Newsletters and Magazines

No abstract provided.

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On The Annual And Diurnal Variation Of The Evaporation From The Oceans, H. U. Sverdrup Jan 1940

On The Annual And Diurnal Variation Of The Evaporation From The Oceans, H. U. Sverdrup

Journal of Marine Research

The average annual evaporation of the oceans in different latitudes can be considered fairly well established (Mosby, 1936, Wtist, 1936), but so far little is known as to the character of the annual and the diurnal variations. Helland-Hansen (1930) has pointed out that evaporation will be facilitated if the sea surface is warmer than the air, whereas evaporation will decrease or cease if the sea surface is colder....

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Observations On The Alkalinity Of Estuarine Waters Of The Chesapeake Bay Near Solomons Island, Maryland, Harry F. Brust, Curtis L. Newcombe Jan 1940

Observations On The Alkalinity Of Estuarine Waters Of The Chesapeake Bay Near Solomons Island, Maryland, Harry F. Brust, Curtis L. Newcombe

Journal of Marine Research

Kolthoff (1926) without particular reference to sea water has defined buffer capacity (alkalinity, in the case of added strong base) of a solution quantitatively as the number of equivalents of added strong base or strong acid required to change the pH of one liter of solution one unit. Buch, in 1930, redefined this concept with reference to sea water as the number of moles of carbonic acid which must be added to one liter of the water in order to change its pH by one unit.

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The Great Bahama Bank. Ii. Calcium Carbonate Precipitation, C. L. Smith Jan 1940

The Great Bahama Bank. Ii. Calcium Carbonate Precipitation, C. L. Smith

Journal of Marine Research

The exact mechanism whereby calcium carbonate is precipitated from sea water in shallow tropical seas has attracted the attention of many workers but as yet has not been adequately explained.

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Convection And Soaring Over The Open Sea, Alfred H. Woodcock Jan 1940

Convection And Soaring Over The Open Sea, Alfred H. Woodcock

Journal of Marine Research

The transfer of momentum between the winds and the sea surface is a fundamental problem of oceanography. In the theoretical treatment of drift currents at sea and of the movements in the turbulent layer of air just above, no consideration seems to have been given to the possibility of a varying pattern of flow under unstable conditions. Recently Langmuir (1938) made measurements of "helical vortices set up by wind" in the surface waters of a lake. Lines of Sargassum weed, which are commonly seen on the central North Atlantic, were mentioned as an indication that similar vortices occur in the …

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The Problem Of The Density Of Sea Water, Henry E. Wirth Jan 1940

The Problem Of The Density Of Sea Water, Henry E. Wirth

Journal of Marine Research

The Density of Aqueous Solutions The density of a solution can be determined easily and is of interest not only for its own sake but also in the calculation of other physical quantities. Many investigators have therefore determined the density and concentration of aqueous solutions. Of the older works, those of Kohlrausch, Kohlrausch and Hallwachs, Baxter and Wallace, and Lamb and Lee are outstanding for their precision....

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The Motion Of Atmospheric Disturbances On The Spherical Earth, B. Haurwitz Jan 1940

The Motion Of Atmospheric Disturbances On The Spherical Earth, B. Haurwitz

Journal of Marine Research

When the perturbations of the pressure distribution due to rapidly moving cyclones are eliminated by plotting charts of the mea1;1 distribution of the pressure for a number of days, centres of larger dimensions 13,nd of a more permanent character appear, as has been shown by the work carried out by Rossby and his collaborators (7). On winter maps of the northern hemisphere, as a rule at least five of these perturbations are found: the Icelandic and the Aleutian Lows, the Azores, Asiatic and Pacific Highs. They can hardly be considered as mere perturbations of the general circulation, but must rather …

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The Effect Of Oxygen Tension On The Rate Of Oxidation Of Organic Matter In Sea Water By Bacteria, Claude E. Zobell Jan 1940

The Effect Of Oxygen Tension On The Rate Of Oxidation Of Organic Matter In Sea Water By Bacteria, Claude E. Zobell

Journal of Marine Research

It is generally recognized that the oxygen consuming capacity of heterotrophic bacteria in water serves as a good criterion of the amount of respirable or oxidizable organic matter in the water. However, the fragmentary literature on the subject records contradictory observations on the effect of oxygen tension upon the rate of bacterial oxidations. For example, Pomeroy (1938) found the amount of oxygen consumed by diluted sewage containing from 0. 7 to 17 .5 cc. of oxygen per liter to be independent of the oxygen tension but Heukelekian (1936) noted the maximum consumption of oxygen in such sewage mixtures containing around …

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Effect Of Delayed Titration On The Salinity Determination, E. F. Thompson Jan 1940

Effect Of Delayed Titration On The Salinity Determination, E. F. Thompson

Journal of Marine Research

Wlist (1932) has discussed the effect of storage on the chlorinity of samples. He compared the results from samples examined almost immediately at sea with those titrated in the shore laboratory after a considerable period of time. He concludes that there is a definite tendency for the chlorinity to increase on storing. The effect was largest with sample bottles that had been previously titrated and, therefore, no longer full; and least with full bottles on which the stoppers had been covered with paraffin wax. In the case of the incompletely full bottles the mean increase of chlorinity was 0.011 %0 …

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The Great Bahama Bank. I. General Hydrographical And Chemical Features, C. L. Smith Jan 1940

The Great Bahama Bank. I. General Hydrographical And Chemical Features, C. L. Smith

Journal of Marine Research

The Bahama Islands are characterized by the presence of thousands of square miles of shallow sea (<5 fathoms) lying between the various islands. The most extensive of these are the Great Bahama, Little Bahama and Exuma Banks (cf. Fig. 44). A certain amount of discussion has arisen concerning these areas, both in relation to their geological formation and to chemical changes taking place in the water.

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Composition Of Sea Water, John Lyman, Richard H. Fleming Jan 1940

Composition Of Sea Water, John Lyman, Richard H. Fleming

Journal of Marine Research

The principle of constant ratios between the salts in ocean water unaffected by land drainage was laid down by Forchhammer in 1864, and firmly established by Dittmar (1884) . Dittmar's examination of 77 samples, collected from all the oceans of the world by H .M.S. Challenger in 1873-76, was so comprehensive, and his results so consistent, that some of his values are used to this day.

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General Hospital Society Of Connecticut 1938 - 1939, General Hospital Society Of Connecticut Aug 1939

General Hospital Society Of Connecticut 1938 - 1939, General Hospital Society Of Connecticut

Yale New Haven Hospital Annual Reports

For the year 1939, presented at the Annual Meeting, June 30, 1939.

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Notes On The Determination Of Dissolved Oxygen In Sea Water, Thomas G. Thompson, Rex J. Robinson Jan 1939

Notes On The Determination Of Dissolved Oxygen In Sea Water, Thomas G. Thompson, Rex J. Robinson

Journal of Marine Research

The oxygen dissolved in sea water is usually determined by the classical method of Winkler. Probably because of the large number of investigators who have used this method, there have developed various modifications in the method of collecting samples, in the standardization of the sodium thiosulfate solution, and in the titration of the samples. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss these various methods, the sources of possible error, and to present the best procedure for standardization of the sodium thiosulfate solution.

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Sea Level Departures Of The California Coast As Related To The Dynamics Of The Atmosphere Over The North Pacific Ocean, Woodrow C. Jacobs Jan 1939

Sea Level Departures Of The California Coast As Related To The Dynamics Of The Atmosphere Over The North Pacific Ocean, Woodrow C. Jacobs

Journal of Marine Research

Considerable attention is being directed at the present time toward fluctuations in sea level as related to the dynamics of the oceans and, to a lesser degree, the dynamics of the atmosphere. Most of the work along these lines, however, has been concerned with seasonal rather than nonperiodic variations. Nevertheless, an analysis of sea level data compiled over a period of many years at four California tidal stations indicates that non-periodic fluctuations of considerable magnitude also occur. Since these fluctuations are probably the direct or indirect result of variations in certain meteorological elements, it becomes of interest to investigate the …

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Variations Of Sea Level On The Pacific Coast Of The United States, Eugene C. Lafond Jan 1939

Variations Of Sea Level On The Pacific Coast Of The United States, Eugene C. Lafond

Journal of Marine Research

Seasonal Sea Level Variations.----The mean sea level during any period can be derived from the average of the hourly tide heights. These tide heights are obtained from records of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey permanent tide gauges, which are located in the principal harbors along the west coast, except the La Jolla gauge which is situated on the open coast.

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Distribution Of Diatoms In Relation To The Character Of Water Masses And Currents Off Southern California In 1938, H. U. Sverdrup, W. E. Allen Jan 1939

Distribution Of Diatoms In Relation To The Character Of Water Masses And Currents Off Southern California In 1938, H. U. Sverdrup, W. E. Allen

Journal of Marine Research

In 1938 the" E.W. Scripps" made six cruises at intervals of two months, covering on each cruise the same area off the coast of southern California. The station plan is shown in Figure 37, but not all stations indicated in that figure could be occupied on each cruise owing to unfavorable weather conditions and the short time available for completion of the work. On all cruises observations of temperature, salinity, and oxygen were made between the surface and a depth of 600 meters....

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Studies On The Physics And Chemistry Of Estuarine Waters In Chesapeake Bay, Curtis L. Newcombe, William A. Horne, Boland B. Shepard Jan 1939

Studies On The Physics And Chemistry Of Estuarine Waters In Chesapeake Bay, Curtis L. Newcombe, William A. Horne, Boland B. Shepard

Journal of Marine Research

Estuarine waters are understood to be those water masses which by virtue of their position are directly subject to the combined action of river and tidal currents. They may be considered to reflect certain dominant forces as well as progressive trends that determine their individualistic though changing hydrographic as well as biologic properties. The factors that lend individuality to these bodies may exhibit profound differences in different latitudes and yet, in certain fundamental respects, the waters possess important characteristics in common....

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Lateral Mixing In The Deep Water Of The South Atlantic Ocean, H. U. Sverdrup Jan 1939

Lateral Mixing In The Deep Water Of The South Atlantic Ocean, H. U. Sverdrup

Journal of Marine Research

The deep-sea circulation of the Atlantic has recently been carefully analyzed by Wiist (1935) who, on the basis of the tongue-like distribution of temperature and salinity, has drawn conclusions as to the direction of flow at different depths. He considers that an exchange of deep :water between the North Atlantic Ocean and the Antarctic Ocean is maintained by a flow to the north along the bottom of Antarctic water and a flow to the south at lesser depths of North Atlantic deep water and Mediterranean water.

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