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Articles 6931 - 6960 of 8517
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Taxation And Pricing Of Agricultural And Industrial Goods In Developing Economies, Raaj Kumar Sah, Joseph Stiglitz
The Taxation And Pricing Of Agricultural And Industrial Goods In Developing Economies, Raaj Kumar Sah, Joseph Stiglitz
Discussion Papers
No abstract provided.
Firms’ Investment Decisions In Imperfect Capital Markets, Ijaz Nabi
Firms’ Investment Decisions In Imperfect Capital Markets, Ijaz Nabi
Discussion Papers
No abstract provided.
Do We Reject Too Often? Small Sample Bias In Tests Of Rational Expectations, N. Gregory Mankiw, Matthew D. Shapiro
Do We Reject Too Often? Small Sample Bias In Tests Of Rational Expectations, N. Gregory Mankiw, Matthew D. Shapiro
Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
We examine the small sample properties of tests of rational expectations models. We show using Monte Carlo experiments that these tests can be extremely biased toward rejection for sample sizes typical in applied research. These biases are important when the time series examined are highly autoregressive. We also show that these tests are even more biased with detrended data. We present correct small sample critical values for our canonical problem.
International Monetary Policy To Promote Economic Recovery, Willem H. Buiter
International Monetary Policy To Promote Economic Recovery, Willem H. Buiter
Discussion Papers
No abstract provided.
The Social Cost Of Labor And Project Evaluation: A General Approach, Raaj Kumar Sah, Joseph Stiglitz
The Social Cost Of Labor And Project Evaluation: A General Approach, Raaj Kumar Sah, Joseph Stiglitz
Discussion Papers
No abstract provided.
Average Velocity And Transport Of The Gulf Stream Near 55w, P. L. Richardson
Average Velocity And Transport Of The Gulf Stream Near 55w, P. L. Richardson
Journal of Marine Research
Long-term current measurements made with surface drifters, SOFAR floats at 700 m and 2000 m, and current meters at 4000 m have been combined to produce for the first time a vertical section of directly measured average zonal currents in and adjacent to the Gulf Stream. The results from the different data sets are remarkably consistent in showing three vertically coherent zonal jets—the Gulf Stream and two flanking countercurrents. The consistency in location, velocity and transport (per unit width) of these currents supports the conclusion that these are real features of the long-term average velocity field. The current jets coincide …
Spatial Patterns In Temperature And Chlorophyll On Nantucket Shoals From Airborne Remote Sensing Data, May 7-9, 1981, Janet W. Campbell, Wayne E. Esaias
Spatial Patterns In Temperature And Chlorophyll On Nantucket Shoals From Airborne Remote Sensing Data, May 7-9, 1981, Janet W. Campbell, Wayne E. Esaias
Journal of Marine Research
Spatial patterns in 4 aerial mappings of temperature and chlorophyll over Nantucket Shoals were analyzed using a variety of statistical techniques. The goal was to determine whether statistical methods could provide insight concerning phytoplankton dynamics on the Shoals. Statistical techniques included a covariance analysis of large scale trends and a spectral analysis of detrended data. Airborne remote sensors had provided the necessary synopticity in which to observe temporal variability on scales of 0.5–2 days. Maximum correlations between chlorophyll, temperature and depth occurred at nonzero lags, suggesting westward movement of water over the Shoals and a time lag in phytoplankton growth. …
Acoustical Patchiness Of Mesopelagic Micronekton, Charles F. Greenlaw, William G. Pearcy
Acoustical Patchiness Of Mesopelagic Micronekton, Charles F. Greenlaw, William G. Pearcy
Journal of Marine Research
Patterns of acoustical scattering in both depth and horizontal extent were analyzed to estimate the spatial and temporal scales of variability in biomass of mesopelagic sound scatterers, principally micronekton. The patterns observed included extensive layers of low and nearly uniform scattering strength and distinct three-dimensional patches of stronger scattering. These patches dispersed vertically at night after diel migration of a portion of the scatterers, but reassembled quite accurately the following day. Analysis of variance spectra for average acoustical scattering profiles within a patch suggest that micro-patches, with dimensions on the order of 15 m vertically by 1 km horizontally, are …
Dispersal Of Meiofauna In A Turbulent Tidal Creek, M. A. Palmer, G. Gust
Dispersal Of Meiofauna In A Turbulent Tidal Creek, M. A. Palmer, G. Gust
Journal of Marine Research
Traditionally meiofauna have been viewed as strictly infaunal organisms adapted for life between sediment grains. Recent evidence has shown that marine meiofauna also occur in the water column. A set of field experiments investigated processes controlling the abundance of meiofauna in the water column. The transport of meiofauna in a tidal creek was identified to be primarily a passive process resulting from mechanical removal due to current scour. Drifting meiofauna included interstitial, burrowing, and epibenthic species. Copepods, foraminiferans, and juvenile bivalves were suspended in greatest numbers relative to their sediment abundances. Suspension of meiofauna was greatest for species residing in …
Computer Simulations Of The Fraser River Plume, Louise Royer, W. J. Emery
Computer Simulations Of The Fraser River Plume, Louise Royer, W. J. Emery
Journal of Marine Research
Instruments sampling the engine cooling water on two B.C. ferries were used to monitor the temporal and spatial variations of the Fraser River Plume, in the central Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada) for nearly two years. Travelling along two different routes north and south of the river mouth, each ferry provided eight horizontal near-surface salinity transects per day. From each transect, the arithmetic average salinity along the section (denoted southern or northern section average salinity) was extracted, formulated as a time series of hourly or daily values and then compared to equivalent computer simulated series.A numerical model, previously developed …
Minipellets: A New And Abundant Size Class Of Marine Fecal Pellets, Marcia M. Gowing, Mary W. Silver
Minipellets: A New And Abundant Size Class Of Marine Fecal Pellets, Marcia M. Gowing, Mary W. Silver
Journal of Marine Research
Minipellets, fecal pellets from 3 to 50 μm in diameter, were found on detritus collected by a particle interceptor trap array in the upper 2000 m of the eastern tropical Pacific. The fluxes of minipellets reached 5 × 106 m−2 day−1, and exceeded fluxes of larger (>50 μm diameter) fecal pellets by 3 orders of magnitude. Carbon flux of minipellets was 11–49% that of larger pellets; however, carbon flux of ultrastructurally intact cells (microalgae and bacteria) in minipellets was equal to that of intact cells in the larger pellets. Minipellets also occurred in …
The Role Of Double Diffusive Interleaving In Mesoscale Dynamics: An Hypothesis, Eric S. Posmentier, A. D. Kirwan Jr.
The Role Of Double Diffusive Interleaving In Mesoscale Dynamics: An Hypothesis, Eric S. Posmentier, A. D. Kirwan Jr.
Journal of Marine Research
It is hypothesized that double diffusive interleaving can act to enhance the temperature, salinity and buoyancy signatures of some mesoscale structures. The hypothesis is founded on theoretical results showing that the fluxes produced by double diffusive interleaving can have counter-gradient components, and on the observations that isolated mesoscale rings have a long lifetime and that there is intense interleaving in the frontal zone typically surrounding the ring. Quantitative examples for a warm and a cold core ring demonstrate the feasibility of the hypothesis. Some suggestions are given for extending the hypothesis to include other mesoscale features. Also theoretical investigations and …
Analyses Of The Settling Velocities Of Fecal Pellets From The Subtidal Polychaete Amphicteis Scaphobranchiata, Paul D. Komar, Gary L. Taghon
Analyses Of The Settling Velocities Of Fecal Pellets From The Subtidal Polychaete Amphicteis Scaphobranchiata, Paul D. Komar, Gary L. Taghon
Journal of Marine Research
Measured settling velocities of fecal pellets produced by Amphicteis scaphobranchiata, a deposit-feeding subtidal polychaete worm, are analyzed to determine the effects of pellet shapes and to arrive at improved formulae for predicting settling rates of fecal pellets in general. Drag coefficients calculated from the measured settling velocities and pellet densities decrease with increasing Reynolds numbers, the trend roughly paralleling the drag-coefficient curve for spheres but having higher values due to the nonspherical shapes of the pellets. No clear dependence could be found on the pellet shapes, however, when the shape is expressed as pellet elongation (length/width). Comparisons are also made …
Effects Of The Marine Deposit-Feeders Heteromastus Filiformis (Polychaeta), Macoma Balthica (Bivalvia), And Tellina Texana (Bivalvia) On Averaged Sedimentary Solute Transport, Reaction Rates, And Microbial Distributions, Robert C. Aller, Josephine Y. Yingst
Effects Of The Marine Deposit-Feeders Heteromastus Filiformis (Polychaeta), Macoma Balthica (Bivalvia), And Tellina Texana (Bivalvia) On Averaged Sedimentary Solute Transport, Reaction Rates, And Microbial Distributions, Robert C. Aller, Josephine Y. Yingst
Journal of Marine Research
Experimental studies of the deposit-feeders Heteromastus flliformis, Tellina texana, and Macoma balthica demonstrate that, at natural population abundances, each species has major effects on sediment overlying water solute transport, bulk sediment reaction rates, and microbial distributions. Using Cl− as a conservative tracer, one-dimensional transport models show that the effective diffusion coefficient, De, in the presence of these macrofauna is ∼2–5× the molecular diffusion value in the upper 8–12 cm of sediment. In general, the exact value of De is time dependent as shown by time-course experiments with Heteromastus and by comparison of one-dimensional model predictions with …
Wind-Driven Mid-Ocean Baroclinic Gyres Over Topography: A Circulation Equation Extending The Sverdrup Relation, R. A. De Szoeke
Wind-Driven Mid-Ocean Baroclinic Gyres Over Topography: A Circulation Equation Extending The Sverdrup Relation, R. A. De Szoeke
Journal of Marine Research
What is the circulation driven by wind stress in a stratified ocean above topography? This question was answered by Sverdrup (1947) for vertically integrated transport over flat topography only. By applying the ideas and methods of Rhines and Young (1982a,b), a modified form of the Sverdrup transport relation can be derived for the case of stratification and topography in certain circumstances. This circulation equation is, in quasigeostrophic form,J(Ψ, βy + χf0h′T/H) = − χf0−1gAH J(βy, h′T) + z · ∇xτ/ …
Spectral "Fingerprinting" Of Phytoplankton Populations By Two-Dimensional Fluorescence And Fourier-Transform-Based Pattern Recognition, P. B. Oldham, E. J. Zillioux, I. M. Warner
Spectral "Fingerprinting" Of Phytoplankton Populations By Two-Dimensional Fluorescence And Fourier-Transform-Based Pattern Recognition, P. B. Oldham, E. J. Zillioux, I. M. Warner
Journal of Marine Research
The selectivity of fluorescence spectroscopy is exploited for the characterization of marine algae. Two-dimensional, digital images of in vivo fluorescence intensity versus excitation and emission wavelengths, called excitation-emission matrices (EEMs), are used as spectral "fingerprints" for marine phytoplankton populations. Fourier-transform-based pattern recognition is described along with its inherent strengths and weaknesses for the analysis of natural populations. The EEMs of unknown algae are compared to a library of standard EEMs representing 23 algal species and 6 classes with better than 80% accuracy. The EEMs acquired under different physiological conditions are used in determining pattern recognition reliability. The potential for fingerprinting …
Spectral Observations Of Pigment Fluorescence In Intermediate Depth Waters Of The North Pacific, William W. Broenkow, Alan J. Lewitus, Mark A. Yarbrough
Spectral Observations Of Pigment Fluorescence In Intermediate Depth Waters Of The North Pacific, William W. Broenkow, Alan J. Lewitus, Mark A. Yarbrough
Journal of Marine Research
Vertical profiles at three stations off the California coast showed spectral differences between fluorescence at the primary fluorescence maxima (near 100 m) and the deeper maximum (near 800 m). Two broad-band excitation and several narrow or high-pass emission filters were used with an in situ fluorometer to 1500 m. Interpretation of these data suggests: (1) chlorophyll a was found throughout the water column, with intermediate depth fluorescence about one-third the intensity of that in the primary maximum; (2) phycobilin fluorescence was stronger at intermediate depths than near the surface; and (3) a pigment which fluoresces beyond 700 nm was also …
The Role Of Bacteria In The Turnover Of Organic Carbon In Deep-Sea Sediments, Gilbert T. Rowe, Jody W. Deming
The Role Of Bacteria In The Turnover Of Organic Carbon In Deep-Sea Sediments, Gilbert T. Rowe, Jody W. Deming
Journal of Marine Research
The cycling of organic carbon in the deep sea was inferred from measurements of sediment trap and box core samples taken on the Biscay and Demerara abyssal plains of the North Atlantic. Of the input of organic carbon to the bottom, less than 10% was buried, i.e., not consumed biologically. Based on laboratory measurements of bacterial activity in the sediment samples, incubated under in situ temperature and pressure, it was possible to attribute at least 13 to 30% of the total inferred biological consumption of organic carbon to microbial utilization. The complementarity of results from these biochemical and microbiological measurements …
Discrete Devaluation As A Signal To Price Setters: Suggested Evidence From Greece, Louka T. Katseli
Discrete Devaluation As A Signal To Price Setters: Suggested Evidence From Greece, Louka T. Katseli
Discussion Papers
No abstract provided.
Improved Detection Of Human Breast Lesions Following Experimental Training Ii : A Medical Student Replication, Leslye Carol Pennypacker
Improved Detection Of Human Breast Lesions Following Experimental Training Ii : A Medical Student Replication, Leslye Carol Pennypacker
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
Na And Cl Fluxes, And Effects Of Pharmacological Agents On The Short-Circuit Current Of The Isolated Rabbit Iris-Ciliary Body, Samuel Richard Pesin
Na And Cl Fluxes, And Effects Of Pharmacological Agents On The Short-Circuit Current Of The Isolated Rabbit Iris-Ciliary Body, Samuel Richard Pesin
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
Thromboembolic Stroke In A Young Stroke Population : Clinical Characteristics And Predictors Of Short-Term Stroke Outcome, Guy William Fried
Thromboembolic Stroke In A Young Stroke Population : Clinical Characteristics And Predictors Of Short-Term Stroke Outcome, Guy William Fried
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Calcium Channel Blockade On Catecholamine Cardiomypopathy, Virginia Shau Huang
Effects Of Calcium Channel Blockade On Catecholamine Cardiomypopathy, Virginia Shau Huang
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
Premeditated Enzyme Inactivation : The Development Of Mechanism-Based Irreversible Inhibitors Of Glyoxalase I As Potential Anti-Cancer Agents, Stuart Neal Isaacs
Premeditated Enzyme Inactivation : The Development Of Mechanism-Based Irreversible Inhibitors Of Glyoxalase I As Potential Anti-Cancer Agents, Stuart Neal Isaacs
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Estrogen On Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (Gad)- Containing Neurons In The Arcuate Nucleus And Medial Preoptic Area Of The Rat : An Electron Microscopic Immunocytochemical Study, Carol F. Farver
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
Woodshedding : A Phase In Recovery From Psychosis, Joshua David Sparrow
Woodshedding : A Phase In Recovery From Psychosis, Joshua David Sparrow
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
The Concentrating Of Organisms At Fronts: A Cold-Water Fish And A Warm-Core Gulf Stream Ring, Donald B. Olson, Richard H. Backus
The Concentrating Of Organisms At Fronts: A Cold-Water Fish And A Warm-Core Gulf Stream Ring, Donald B. Olson, Richard H. Backus
Journal of Marine Research
Net hauls made in and around a warm-core Gulf Stream ring in April and June 1982 suggest a concentrating of the mesopelagic fish Benthosema glaciale (family Myctophidae) in the frontal zone at the east edge of the ring. In April, Benthosema was found in very small numbers in the two-month old ring, as was to be expected from the subpolar-temperate distribution of this fish and the warm-water origin and age of the ring. By June, age-0 fish had been recruited to the population susceptible to capture by the midwater trawl. These young fish were about five times as abundant at …
Blooms Of The Pelagic Tunicate, Dolioletta Gegenbauri: Are They Associated With Gulf Stream Frontal Eddies?, Don Deibel
Blooms Of The Pelagic Tunicate, Dolioletta Gegenbauri: Are They Associated With Gulf Stream Frontal Eddies?, Don Deibel
Journal of Marine Research
Satellite-directed sampling was used to determine whether blooms of Dolioletta gegenbauri are associated with warm filaments of Gulf Stream frontal eddies. Radio-transmitting drogues were used to mark the center of the bloom so that physical and biological covariables could be measured inside and outside of bloom waters.The bloom was not in the warm filament of a frontal eddy, but was 60 – 70 km northwest of the temperature front between outer-shelf water and the Gulf Stream—in upwelled water probably originating from the eddy's cold core. This cold-core remnant (CCR) water was stranded between 2 middle-shelf fronts.The doliolid bloom resulted from …
Seasonal Oxygen Cycling And Primary Production In The Sargasso Sea, W. J. Jenkins, J. C. Goldman
Seasonal Oxygen Cycling And Primary Production In The Sargasso Sea, W. J. Jenkins, J. C. Goldman
Journal of Marine Research
The hydrographic record at Station S in the Sargasso Sea shows the development of a subsurface oxygen maximum within the euphotic zone which must be of photosynthetic origin. Consideration of insolation, heat budgets and available 3He/3H data yields an estimate of the order of 5 M m−2 y−1 for the vertically integrated oxygen production rate. Gas exchange calculations reveal a similar oxygen flux leaving the surface, and examination of respiration cycles below the euphotic zone yields consistent results. Such results point to new production of the order of 50 g C m−2 y−1 …
The Annual Cycle In The Central Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Peter R. Gent
The Annual Cycle In The Central Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Peter R. Gent
Journal of Marine Research
A linear, periodic model using the long-wave approximation on the equatorial β-plane is forced by the annual cycle of zonal wind stress from the Pacific Ocean. The forcing is deduced from the monthly data set of Hellerman and Rosenstein. The model results are compared with observations of the annual cycle which are mainly of temperature in the upper central Pacific Ocean from the Hawaii-Tahiti shuttle experiment. The agreement is good in phase, but poor in amplitude. The effect on model results of different friction assumptions and coefficients shows that no tuning of the parameters significantly improves the comparison with …