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Information Acquisition In Committees, Dino Gerardi, Leeat Yariv Mar 2003

Information Acquisition In Committees, Dino Gerardi, Leeat Yariv

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The goal of this paper is to illustrate the significance of information acquisition in mechanism design. We provide a stark example of a mechanism design problem in a collective choice environment with information acquisition. We concentrate on committees that are comprised of agents sharing a common goal and having a joint task. Members of the committee decide whether to acquire costly information or not at the outset and are then asked to report their private information. The designer can choose the size of the committee, as well as the procedure by which it selects the collective choice, i.e., the correspondence …

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Political Equilibrium With Private Or/And Public Campaign Finance: A Comparison Of Institutions, John E. Roemer Mar 2003

Political Equilibrium With Private Or/And Public Campaign Finance: A Comparison Of Institutions, John E. Roemer

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We propose a theory of party competition (two parties, single-issue) where citizens acquire party membership by contributing money to a party, and where a member’s influence on the policy taken by her party is proportional to her campaign contribution. The polity consists of informed and uninformed voters: only informed voters join parties, and the party campaign chest, the sum of its received contributions, is used to advertise and reach uninformed voters. Parties compete with each other strategically with respect to policy choice and advertising. We propose a definition of political equilibrium, in which party membership, citizen contributions, and parties’ policies …

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Committee Design In The Presence Of Communication, Dino Gerardi, Leeat Yariv Mar 2003

Committee Design In The Presence Of Communication, Dino Gerardi, Leeat Yariv

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The goal of this paper is to introduce communication in a collective choice environment with information acquisition. We concentrate on decision panels that are comprised of agents sharing a common goal and having a joint task. Members of the panel decide whether to acquire costly information or not, preceding the communication stage. We take a mechanism design approach and consider a designer who can choose the size of the decision panel, the procedure by which it selects the collective choice, and the communication protocol by which its members abide prior to casting their individual action choices. We characterize the solution …

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The Recognition And Determinants Of Depression At A South African Primary Care Clinic, Virginia Triant Feb 2003

The Recognition And Determinants Of Depression At A South African Primary Care Clinic, Virginia Triant

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Depression leads to substantial morbidity and mortality on a global scale, but it is frequently underrecognized and inadequately treated in primary care settings. The detection of depression is particularly challenging in under-resourced countries. This study attempts to determine rates of recognition and treatment of depressive disorders at a community clinic in the Cape Flats, South Africa. The diagnostic instrument PRIME-MD was administered and charts reviewed for a sample of 222 patients presenting to the Lotus River Community Health Centre. Outcomes sought were (1) the prevalence of depressive disorders and (2) rates of detection and treatment as indicated by antidepressant prescription …

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2002-Berkshire-Hathaway-Letter From Warren E. Buffett, Warren Buffet Feb 2003

2002-Berkshire-Hathaway-Letter From Warren E. Buffett, Warren Buffet

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Use Of Spect Difference Imaging To Assess Subcortical Blood Flow Changes During Epileptic Seizures, Andrew Norden Feb 2003

Use Of Spect Difference Imaging To Assess Subcortical Blood Flow Changes During Epileptic Seizures, Andrew Norden

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Seizures are thought to arise primarily from the cerebral cortex. However, the propagation and behavioral manifestations of seizures involve a network of both cortical and subcortical structures. The medial thalamus and upper brainstem reticular formation are crucial areas for the maintenance of normal consciousness. Bilateral involvement of these structures may be responsible for loss of consciousness during partial seizures. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of the medial thalamus and brainstem in seizures. We performed SPECT ictal-interictal difference imaging co-registered with high-resolution MRI scans to localize regions of cerebral blood flow changes in patients undergoing inpatient monitoring for epilepsy. …

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In Utero Indomethacin Alters O₂ [Oxygen] Delivery To The Fetal Ductus Arteriosus : Implications For Persistent Postnatal Patency, Seth Hamlin Goldbarg Feb 2003

In Utero Indomethacin Alters O₂ [Oxygen] Delivery To The Fetal Ductus Arteriosus : Implications For Persistent Postnatal Patency, Seth Hamlin Goldbarg

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Exposure of the fetus to indomethacin produces constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus (DA) and hypoxia in the avascular muscle media of the vessel wall. Hypoxia induces cell death, which increases the incidence of patent DA in the newborn period. We used a fetal sheep model to determine the factors that were responsible for indomethacin-induced hypoxia at various degrees of DA constriction. Indomethacin produced DA constriction in all fetuses studied in vivo. Cell death in the DA wall was directly related to the degree of indomethacin-induced DA constriction and was present at both moderate (pressure gradient across DA <16 >mmHg) and …

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Fannie Mae Memo Adolfo Marzol To Timothy Howard And Dan Mudd Re Quarterly Risk Assessment Ye 2002, Adolfo Marzol Feb 2003

Fannie Mae Memo Adolfo Marzol To Timothy Howard And Dan Mudd Re Quarterly Risk Assessment Ye 2002, Adolfo Marzol

Documents

No abstract provided.

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China’S Capital And Productivity Measurement Using Financial Resources, Kui-Wai Li Feb 2003

China’S Capital And Productivity Measurement Using Financial Resources, Kui-Wai Li

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

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Laws And Limits Of Econometrics, Peter C.B. Phillips Feb 2003

Laws And Limits Of Econometrics, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We start by discussing some general weaknesses and limitations of the econometric approach. A template from sociology is used to formulate six laws that characterize mainstream activities of econometrics and the scientific limits of those activities., we discuss some proximity theorems that quantify by means of explicit bounds how close we can get to the generating mechanism of the data and the optimal forecasts of next period observations using a finite number of observations. The magnitude of the bound depends on the characteristics of the model and the trajectory of the observed data. The results show that trends are more …

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Bonds Or Loans? The Effect Of Macroeconomic Fundamentals, Galina Hale Feb 2003

Bonds Or Loans? The Effect Of Macroeconomic Fundamentals, Galina Hale

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The costs of debt crises are not invariant to the foreign debt instrument composition: bank loans or bonds. The lending boom of the 1990s witnessed considerable variation over time and across countries in the debt instrument used by emerging market (EM) borrowers. This paper tests how macroeconomic fundamentals affect the composition of international debt instruments used by EM borrowers. Analysis of micro-level data using ordered probability model shows that macroeconomic fundamentals explain a significant share of variation in the ratio of bonds to loans for private borrowers, but not for the sovereigns.

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Kyrgyz Republic: Financial System Stability Assessment Including Reports On The Observance Of Standards And Codes On The Following Topics: Monetary And Financial Policy Transparency, Banking Supervision, And Payment Systems, International Monetary Fund (Imf) Feb 2003

Kyrgyz Republic: Financial System Stability Assessment Including Reports On The Observance Of Standards And Codes On The Following Topics: Monetary And Financial Policy Transparency, Banking Supervision, And Payment Systems, International Monetary Fund (Imf)

Documents

https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2016/12/30/Kyrgyz-Republic-Financial-System-Stability-Assessment-including-Reports-on-the-Observance-of-16375

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Basel & The Evolution Of Capital Regulation Moving Forward Looking Back, Susan Burhouse Jan 2003

Basel & The Evolution Of Capital Regulation Moving Forward Looking Back, Susan Burhouse

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Based And The Evolution Of Capital Regulation: Moving Forward, Looking Back, Susan Burhouse Jan 2003

Based And The Evolution Of Capital Regulation: Moving Forward, Looking Back, Susan Burhouse

Documents

FDIC: An Update on Emerging Issues in Banking

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Ley 795 De 2003 (Law 795 Of 2003), Colombia: Government Jan 2003

Ley 795 De 2003 (Law 795 Of 2003), Colombia: Government

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Risk Factors For Delayed Diagnosis Of Subarachnoid And Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Joyce Oen-Hsiao Jan 2003

Risk Factors For Delayed Diagnosis Of Subarachnoid And Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Joyce Oen-Hsiao

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

To identify risk factors for delayed diagnosis of subarachnoid (SAH) or intracerebral (ICH) hemorrhage in younger patients (ages 18 - 49), we performed a subsidiary case-control study among 702 subjects from the Hemorrhagic Stroke Project (HSP). Case subjects were the 54 HSP patients (7.7%) who did not receive an appropriate diagnostic evaluation (brain CT scan, and if CT negative, LP) within 24 hours of consulting a physician for symptoms consistent with hemorrhagic stroke. For each case subject with a delayed diagnosis, we identified two subjects from the HSP with a prompt diagnosis, all successfully matched on recruitment site. We calculated …

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A Generic Length-Scale Equation For Geophysical Turbulence Models, L. Umlauf, H. Burchard Jan 2003

A Generic Length-Scale Equation For Geophysical Turbulence Models, L. Umlauf, H. Burchard

Journal of Marine Research

A generalization of a class of differential length-scale equations typically used in second-order turbulence models for oceanic flows is suggested. Commonly used models, like the k-ε model and the Mellor-Yamada model, can be recovered as special cases of this generic model, and thus can be rationally compared. In addition, a method is proposed that yields a generalized framework for the calibration of the most frequently used class of differential length-scale equations. The generic model, calibrated with this method, exhibits a greater range of applicability than any of the traditional models. Stratified flows, plane mixing layers, and turbulence introduced by …

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Control Of Black Sea Intermediate Water Mass Formation By Dynamics And Topography: Comparison Of Numerical Simulations, Surveys And Satellite Data, Emil V. Stanev, Malcolm J. Bowman, Elissaveta L. Peneva, Joanna V. Staneva Jan 2003

Control Of Black Sea Intermediate Water Mass Formation By Dynamics And Topography: Comparison Of Numerical Simulations, Surveys And Satellite Data, Emil V. Stanev, Malcolm J. Bowman, Elissaveta L. Peneva, Joanna V. Staneva

Journal of Marine Research

The processes of cold intermediate water (CIW) formation in the Black Sea are quantified by analyzing the results of numerical simulations using the Modular Ocean Model (MOM) plus observations obtained from both hydrographic surveys and the TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter. In the first phase of integration the model is forced with seasonally-variable atmospheric data. After reaching a quasi-periodic state, the integration is continued using forcing data for the period 1991-1994 provided by the United Kingdom Meteorological Office. The performance of the model is assessed in reproducing the dominant physical mechanisms that control the process and rate of CIW formation, viz., circulation, vertical …

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Wave-Induced Boundary Mixing In A Partially Mixed Estuary, Daniel Bourgault, Daniel E. Kelley Jan 2003

Wave-Induced Boundary Mixing In A Partially Mixed Estuary, Daniel Bourgault, Daniel E. Kelley

Journal of Marine Research

We present observations that reveal the existence of horizontally propagating, tidally-driven, high-frequency internal wave (IW) packets in a channel of the partially mixed St. Lawrence Estuary. The packets propagate transversely to the channel axis and collide with the shoaling lateral boundaries. The structure and energy of IWs are diagnosed with a two-dimensional, nonlinear nonhydrostatic model, and the results are compared with weakly nonlinear Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) theory. The behavior of IWs running into the shoaling lateral boundary is examined in terms of published laboratory and numerical experiments. Our analysis indicates that IWs break on the slope, during which 6% of their …

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The Effect Of Fiddler Crab Burrowing On Sediment Mixing And Radionuclide Profiles Along A Topographic Gradient In A Southeastern Salt Marsh, Barbara J. Mccraith, Leonard R. Gardner, David S. Wethey, Willard S. Moore Jan 2003

The Effect Of Fiddler Crab Burrowing On Sediment Mixing And Radionuclide Profiles Along A Topographic Gradient In A Southeastern Salt Marsh, Barbara J. Mccraith, Leonard R. Gardner, David S. Wethey, Willard S. Moore

Journal of Marine Research

Fiddler crabs are one of the principal agents of bioturbation in intertidal salt marshes. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of sediments can be modified by fiddler crab burrowing activity. This study examined the effect of fiddler crab burrowing on sediment reworking and the distributions of 210Pb and 137Cs in salt marsh sediments at North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina. Fiddler crab burrow density, turnover, and volume were measured along a transect from the forest to the creek bank. Burrow density ranged between 40 and 300 burrows m-2 with highest densities at the creek bank. Sediment reworking is …

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How Estuaries Work: A Charlotte Harbor Example, Robert H. Weisberg, Lianyuan Zheng Jan 2003

How Estuaries Work: A Charlotte Harbor Example, Robert H. Weisberg, Lianyuan Zheng

Journal of Marine Research

We consider the time-averaged, estuarine circulation through a control volume analysis of its mechanical energy balance; hence the title of our paper: "How estuaries work." The venue is the Charlotte Harbor on Florida's west coast, and the analysis medium is the primitive equation ECOM3D-si model. We are motivated by an estuary classification dilemma. Being that estuarine circulation is buoyancy driven by the horizontal salinity gradient, and that the gradient increases with increasing vertical mixing as the salinity isolines rotate from horizontal to vertical, it follows that an increase in mixing should lead to an increase in circulation. Yet, at some …

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Urinary Survivin And The Detection Of Recurrent Transitional Cell Carcinoma Of The Bladder, Justin J. Cohen Jan 2003

Urinary Survivin And The Detection Of Recurrent Transitional Cell Carcinoma Of The Bladder, Justin J. Cohen

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Does Vancomycin Resistance Affect Outcome In Patients With Enterococcus Faecium Bacteremia?, Garth S. Herbert Jan 2003

Does Vancomycin Resistance Affect Outcome In Patients With Enterococcus Faecium Bacteremia?, Garth S. Herbert

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Placebos And The Role Of Expectancy In Nickel Patch Tests, Daniel C. Kline Jan 2003

Placebos And The Role Of Expectancy In Nickel Patch Tests, Daniel C. Kline

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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A Healthcare Services Research Project : The National Job Market For Radiologists And Their Provision Of Emergency Radiology Services, Daniel David Saketkhoo Jan 2003

A Healthcare Services Research Project : The National Job Market For Radiologists And Their Provision Of Emergency Radiology Services, Daniel David Saketkhoo

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Seasonal To Interannual Upper-Ocean Variability In The Drake Passage, Janet Sprintall Jan 2003

Seasonal To Interannual Upper-Ocean Variability In The Drake Passage, Janet Sprintall

Journal of Marine Research

Year-round monitoring of the upper-ocean temperature variability in Drake Passage has been undertaken since September 1996 through repeat expendable bathythermograph (XBT) surveys. The closely spaced measurements (6-15 km apart) provide the first multi-year time series for examining seasonal to interannual variability in this Southern Ocean choke point. While the temperature sections reveal the seasonal variability in water mass formation of the upper layer, there was no seasonal signal evident below 200 m. Similarly, there was little seasonal cycle evident in the position of the Subantarctic Front, the Polar Front and the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front associated with the Antarctic …

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The Influence Of Macrofaunal Burrow Spacing And Diffusive Scaling On Sedimentary Nitrification And Denitrification: An Experimental Simulation And Model Approach, Franck Gilbert, Robert C. Aller, Stefan Hulth Jan 2003

The Influence Of Macrofaunal Burrow Spacing And Diffusive Scaling On Sedimentary Nitrification And Denitrification: An Experimental Simulation And Model Approach, Franck Gilbert, Robert C. Aller, Stefan Hulth

Journal of Marine Research

The influence of burrow spacing on sedimentary nitrification and denitrification was simulated experimentally using sediment plugs of different thicknesses immersed in aerated seawater reservoirs. Different plug thicknesses mimic different distances between oxygenated burrow centers and produce similar changes in aerobic-anaerobic reaction balances as a function of diffusive transport scaling. The thicknesses used were roughly equivalent to transport scales (interburrow spacing) that could be produced by burrow abundances of ~400 to 50,000 m-2, depending on burrow lumen radii (e.g., 0.05-1 cm). Following the exposure of anoxic sediment plugs to aerated water, an efficient aerobic nitrification zone was established within …

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Variation Of Nonlocal Irrigation In A Subtidal Benthic Community, Stefan Forster, Arzhang Khalili, Jarmila Kitlar Jan 2003

Variation Of Nonlocal Irrigation In A Subtidal Benthic Community, Stefan Forster, Arzhang Khalili, Jarmila Kitlar

Journal of Marine Research

Irrigation, the effect of the pumping activity by benthic infauna on pore water solute distribution and fluxes, may be represented by a nonlocal irrigation function, α (units: 1/time) in the general diagenetic equation. We derived α from the distribution of a solute tracer, bromide, during laboratory incubations of sediment cores containing their natural faunal community. Sediments were sampled on 4 occasions over a period of one year from a site at 30 m depth in the southern North Sea. Fitting an irrigation function exponentially decaying with depth, we arrived at α-values ranging from 25 to >200 yr-1 at the sediment …

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Does The Nonlinearity Of The Equation Of State Impose An Upper Bound On The Buoyancy Frequency?, Trevor J. Mcdougall, John A. Church, David R. Jackett Jan 2003

Does The Nonlinearity Of The Equation Of State Impose An Upper Bound On The Buoyancy Frequency?, Trevor J. Mcdougall, John A. Church, David R. Jackett

Journal of Marine Research

Mixing in the ocean is usually accompanied by a net reduction in volume caused by the nonlinear nature of the equation of state. This contraction-on-mixing at a certain depth implies that the whole water column above this depth slumps a little and so suffers a reduction in gravitational potential energy. Under certain circumstances the gravitational potential energy of the entire water column can decrease as a consequence of mixing activity at a certain depth. We examine Fofonoff's hypothesis that in these circumstances the net reduction of gravitational potential energy of the whole water column causes a local increase in the …

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Simultaneous Data-Based Optimization Of A 1d-Ecosystem Model At Three Locations In The North Atlantic: Part Ii—Standing Stocks And Nitrogen Fluxes, Markus Schartau, Andreas Oschlies Jan 2003

Simultaneous Data-Based Optimization Of A 1d-Ecosystem Model At Three Locations In The North Atlantic: Part Ii—Standing Stocks And Nitrogen Fluxes, Markus Schartau, Andreas Oschlies

Journal of Marine Research

This study relates the performance of an optimized one-dimensional ecosystem model to observations at three sites in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series Study (BATS, 31N 64W), the location of the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (NABE, 47N 20W), and Ocean Weather Ship INDIA (OWS-INDIA, 59N 19W). The ecosystem model is based on nitrogen and resolves dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N), phytoplankton (P), zooplankton (Z) and detritus (D), therefore called the NPZD-model. Physical forcing, such as temperature and eddy diffusivities are taken from an eddy-permitting general circulation model of the …

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