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Beam Attenuation And Chlorophyll Concentration As Alternative Optical Indices Of Phytoplankton Biomass, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Emmanual Boss Jan 2006

Beam Attenuation And Chlorophyll Concentration As Alternative Optical Indices Of Phytoplankton Biomass, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Emmanual Boss

Journal of Marine Research

Chlorophyll has long functioned as the prominent field metric for phytoplankton biomass, but its variability can be strongly influenced by (even dominated by) physiological shifts in intracellular pigmentation in response to changing growth conditions (light, nutrients, temperature). The particulate beam attenuation coefficient (cp) may offer an alternative optical measure of phytoplankton biomass that is readily assessed in situ and relatively insensitive to changes in intracellular pigment content. Unlike chlorophyll, however, cp is not uniquely associated with phytoplankton and varies as well with changes in inorganic, detrital, and heterotrophic particles. In open ocean environments, particles in the …

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Does The Marine Biosphere Mix The Ocean?, W. K. Dewar, R. J. Bingham, R. L. Iverson, D. P. Nowacek, L. C. St. Laurent, P. H. Wiebe Jan 2006

Does The Marine Biosphere Mix The Ocean?, W. K. Dewar, R. J. Bingham, R. L. Iverson, D. P. Nowacek, L. C. St. Laurent, P. H. Wiebe

Journal of Marine Research

Ocean mixing is thought to control the climatically important oceanic overturning circulation. Here we argue the marine biosphere, by a mechanism like the bioturbation occurring in marine sediments, mixes the oceans as effectively as the winds and tides. This statement is derived ultimately from an estimated 62.7 TeraWatts of chemical power provided to the marine environment in net primary production. Various approaches argue something like 1% (.63 TeraWatts) of this power is invested in aphotic ocean mechanical energy, a rate comparable to wind and tidal inputs.

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Acoustic Observations Of Vertical And Horizontal Swimming Velocities Of A Diel Migrator, C. Smyth, A. E. Hay, P. S. Hill, D. Schillinger Jan 2006

Acoustic Observations Of Vertical And Horizontal Swimming Velocities Of A Diel Migrator, C. Smyth, A. E. Hay, P. S. Hill, D. Schillinger

Journal of Marine Research

A strong sound scattering layer which underwent diel vertical migration was observed over 176 days using a bottom-mounted 600 kHz ADCP at a depth of approximately 285 m on the upper continental slope. Average observed descent times of the scatterers were within 12 minutes of sunrise and average ascent times were within 13 minutes of sunset. Average ascent speeds progressively increased away from the bed and approached 6 cm/s. Average descent speeds similarly reached a maximum of ∼6 cm/s. Horizontal velocities of the scatterers during vertical migration were found to be smaller than ambient velocities (by up to 3 cm/s), …

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Estimation Of Mixed-Layer Depth From Surface Parameters, D. Swain, M. M. Ali, R. A. Weller Jan 2006

Estimation Of Mixed-Layer Depth From Surface Parameters, D. Swain, M. M. Ali, R. A. Weller

Journal of Marine Research

Mixed layer depth (MLD) is an important oceanographic parameter. However, the lack of direct observations of MLD hampers both specification and investigation of its spatial and temporal variability. An important alternative to direct observation would be the ability to estimate MLD from surface parameters easily available from satellites. In this study, we demonstrate estimation of MLD using Artificial Neural Network methods and surface meteorology from a surface mooring in the Arabian Sea. The estimated MLD had a root mean square error of 7.36 m and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.94. About 67% (91%) of the …

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Understanding The Influence Of Rossby Waves On Surface Chlorophyll Concentrations In The North Atlantic Ocean, G. Charria, I. Dadou, P. Cipollini, M. Drévillon, P. De Mey, V. Garçon Jan 2006

Understanding The Influence Of Rossby Waves On Surface Chlorophyll Concentrations In The North Atlantic Ocean, G. Charria, I. Dadou, P. Cipollini, M. Drévillon, P. De Mey, V. Garçon

Journal of Marine Research

The variability (in space and time) of westward propagating Rossby waves is analyzed with a wavelet method between 10N and 40N in the North Atlantic Ocean using two remotely sensed data sets (Sea Level Anomalies – SLA and surface chlorophyll-a concentrations) in order to better understand the waves' characteristics and their impacts on the chlorophyll distribution. Signals with wavelengths between ∼ 500 km and ∼ 1000 km with ∼ 4- to ∼ 24-month periods were detected and identified as the first baroclinic mode of Rossby waves. The spatial and temporal information has also highlighted a particular situation in 1998 …

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The Evolution Of Density Currents And Nepheloid Bottom Layers In The Ross Sea (Antarctica), Giorgio Budillon, Ettore Salusti, Sergio Tucci Jan 2006

The Evolution Of Density Currents And Nepheloid Bottom Layers In The Ross Sea (Antarctica), Giorgio Budillon, Ettore Salusti, Sergio Tucci

Journal of Marine Research

In this study we have analyzed the thermohaline, light transmission and particulate matter data, obtained in the western sector of the Ross Sea during the X Italian Expedition, for the purpose of investigating the evolution of the High Salinity Shelf Water in this area. In particular CTD data were used to estimate the baroclinic velocity field. Light transmission and total particulate matter data (from Niskin bottles mounted on a Carousel water sampler) were used to analyze the nepheloid layers and the evolution of the suspended sediments. This basin is characterized by a northward flow of very dense High Salinity Shelf …

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Frb Summary Of Supervisory Activities And Findings On Citi, Federal Reserve System: Federal Reserve Bank Of New York, Dianne Dobbeck, Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors Jan 2006

Frb Summary Of Supervisory Activities And Findings On Citi, Federal Reserve System: Federal Reserve Bank Of New York, Dianne Dobbeck, Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors

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The provided summary is preceded by a letter from Dianne Dobbeck summarizing its findings

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Optimal Bandwidth Selection In Heteroskedasticity-Autocorrelation Robust Testing, Yixiao Sun, Peter C.B. Phillips, Sainan Jin Jan 2006

Optimal Bandwidth Selection In Heteroskedasticity-Autocorrelation Robust Testing, Yixiao Sun, Peter C.B. Phillips, Sainan Jin

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

In time series regressions with nonparametrically autocorrelated errors, it is now standard empirical practice to use kernel-based robust standard errors that involve some smoothing function over the sample autocorrelations. The underlying smoothing parameter b, which can be defined as the ratio of the bandwidth (or truncation lag) to the sample size, is a tuning parameter that plays a key role in determining the asymptotic properties of the standard errors and associated semiparametric tests. Small- b asymptotics involve standard limit theory such as standard normal or chi-squared limits, whereas fixed-b asymptotics typically lead to nonstandard limit distributions involving Brownian bridge functionals. …

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A Quantitative Analysis Of Computed Tomography Scanner Utilization In An Academic Medical Center, Amichai J. Erdfarb Jan 2006

A Quantitative Analysis Of Computed Tomography Scanner Utilization In An Academic Medical Center, Amichai J. Erdfarb

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this study is to quantify computed tomography (CT) scanner utilization and productivity in an academic hospital setting and determine the primary causes of idle time. Two CT scanners were observed for a total of 202 scanner-hours. Scanner time was divided into two primary components: "active" and "idle." Active time was further divided into preparation, scan, and take-down times. Independent variables recorded include in- vs. outpatient, IV contrast (IVC) vs. non-IVC, and scanner type. Primary contributors to idle time were identified in six main categories: preventative maintenance (PM), technical failure, upgrades, calibration, understaffing, and poor flow management. 275 …

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Refined Inference On Long Memory In Realized Volatility, Offer Lieberman, Peter C.B. Phillips Jan 2006

Refined Inference On Long Memory In Realized Volatility, Offer Lieberman, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

There is an emerging consensus in empirical finance that realized volatility series typically display long range dependence with a memory parameter (d) around 0.4 (Andersen et. al. (2001), Martens et. al. (2004)). The present paper provides some analytical explanations for this evidence and shows how recent results in Lieberman and Phillips (2004a, 2004b) can be used to refine statistical inference about d with little computational effort. In contrast to standard asymptotic normal theory now used in the literature which has an O ( n -1/2 ) error rate on error rejection probabilities, the asymptotic approximation used here has an error …

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Optimal Estimation Of Cointegrated Systems With Irrelevant Instruments, Peter C.B. Phillips Jan 2006

Optimal Estimation Of Cointegrated Systems With Irrelevant Instruments, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

It has been know since Phillips and Hansen (1990) that cointegrated systems can be consistently estimated using stochastic trend instruments that are independent of the system variables. A similar phenomenon occurs with deterministically trending instruments. The present work shows that such “irrelevant” deterministic trend instruments may be systematically used to produce asymptotically efficient estimates of a cointegrated system. The approach is convenient in practice, involves only linear instrumental variables estimation, and is a straightforward one step procedure with no loss of degrees of freedom in estimation. Simulations reveal that the procedure works well in practice, having little finite sample bias …

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Assortative Matching And Repubation, Axel Anderson, Lones Smith Jan 2006

Assortative Matching And Repubation, Axel Anderson, Lones Smith

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Consider Becker’s classic 1963 matching model, with unobserved fixed types and stochastic publicly observed output. If types are complementary, then matching is assortative in the known Bayesian posteriors (the ‘reputations’). We discover a robust failure of Becker’s result in the simplest dynamic two type version of this world. Assortative matching is generally neither efficient nor an equilibrium for high discount factors. In a labor theoretic rationale, we show that assortative matching fails around the highest (lowest) reputation agents for ‘low-skill (high-skill) concealing’ technologies. We then find that as the number of production outcomes grows, almost all technologies are of either …

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Y2k Options And The Liquidity Premium In Treasury Bond Markets, Suresh Sundaresan, Zhenyu Wang Jan 2006

Y2k Options And The Liquidity Premium In Treasury Bond Markets, Suresh Sundaresan, Zhenyu Wang

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No abstract provided.

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China Monetary Policy Report Quarter Two, 2006, People's Bank Of China: Monetary Policy Analysis Group Jan 2006

China Monetary Policy Report Quarter Two, 2006, People's Bank Of China: Monetary Policy Analysis Group

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Ireland: Financial System Stability Assessment Update, International Monetary Fund (Imf) Jan 2006

Ireland: Financial System Stability Assessment Update, International Monetary Fund (Imf)

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Ofheo's 2006 Fannie Mae Report Of Annual Examination, United States: Office Of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (Ofheo) Jan 2006

Ofheo's 2006 Fannie Mae Report Of Annual Examination, United States: Office Of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (Ofheo)

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Contains Examination Authority and Scope, Examination Conclusions, Matters Requiring Board Attention, Board and Management Supervision, Operations, Asset Quality and Credit Risk Management, Liquidity, Sensitivity to Interest Rate Risk, Earnings, and Capital.

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The Resolution Trust Corporation And Congress, 1989– 1993: Part I: 1989 - 1990, Lee Davison Jan 2006

The Resolution Trust Corporation And Congress, 1989– 1993: Part I: 1989 - 1990, Lee Davison

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No abstract provided.

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The 90-Day Dtf Interest Rate: Why Does It Remain Constant?, Peter Rowland Jan 2006

The 90-Day Dtf Interest Rate: Why Does It Remain Constant?, Peter Rowland

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No abstract provided.

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The Resolution Trust Corporation And Congress, 1989 – 1993. Part Ii: 1991 – 1993, Lee Davison Jan 2006

The Resolution Trust Corporation And Congress, 1989 – 1993. Part Ii: 1991 – 1993, Lee Davison

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No abstract provided.

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Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation Annual Report 2006, Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation (Kdic) Jan 2006

Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation Annual Report 2006, Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation (Kdic)

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Frb - Recent Changes In U.S. Family Finances: Evidence From The 2001 And 2004 Survey Of Consumer Finances, Brian K. Bucks, Arthur B. Kennickell, Kevin B. Moore, Gerhard Fries, Michael A. Neal Jan 2006

Frb - Recent Changes In U.S. Family Finances: Evidence From The 2001 And 2004 Survey Of Consumer Finances, Brian K. Bucks, Arthur B. Kennickell, Kevin B. Moore, Gerhard Fries, Michael A. Neal

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Ofheo Fannie Mae Report Of Annual Examination, 2006, United States: Office Of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (Ofheo) Jan 2006

Ofheo Fannie Mae Report Of Annual Examination, 2006, United States: Office Of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (Ofheo)

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Variability In The Indian Ocean Circulation And Salinity And Its Impact On Sst Anomalies During Dipole Events, Bijoy Thompson, C. Gnanaseelan, P. S. Salvekar Jan 2006

Variability In The Indian Ocean Circulation And Salinity And Its Impact On Sst Anomalies During Dipole Events, Bijoy Thompson, C. Gnanaseelan, P. S. Salvekar

Journal of Marine Research

The GFDL Modular Ocean Model (MOM4) has been used to understand the variability of the Indian Ocean circulation and salinity during Indian Ocean Dipole events. The model simulations are compared with HadISST, SODA and ECCO data sets. During the positive dipole years, the climatological cyclonic circulation in the Bay of Bengal weakens or is replaced by an anticyclonic circulation. The interannual variability in the Wyrtki Jet and Bay of Bengal circulation has significant influence on fresh water transport between the equatorial Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. The salinity anomalies in the equatorial Indian Ocean are significant during the positive …

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Americans And Climate Change: Closing The Gap Between Science And Action, Daniel R. Abbasi Jan 2006

Americans And Climate Change: Closing The Gap Between Science And Action, Daniel R. Abbasi

Yale School of the Environment Publications Series

A Synthesis of Insights and Recommendations from the 2005 Yale F&ES Conference on Climate Change

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Medicine@Yale January/February 2006 Volume 2, Issue 1, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2006

Medicine@Yale January/February 2006 Volume 2, Issue 1, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

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Medicine@Yale July/August 2006 Volume 2, Issue 4, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2006

Medicine@Yale July/August 2006 Volume 2, Issue 4, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

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Identifiability And Uncertainty Analysis Of Bio-Irrigation Rates, Johan H. Andersson, Jack J. Middelburg, Karline Soetaert Jan 2006

Identifiability And Uncertainty Analysis Of Bio-Irrigation Rates, Johan H. Andersson, Jack J. Middelburg, Karline Soetaert

Journal of Marine Research

Bio-irrigation is often quantified through incubations where an inert tracer is added to the overlying water of a core or a benthic chamber, and subsequently following the tracer distribution in either the overlying water or the porewater. The interpretation is based on fitting data with a model containing several unknown parameters such as the enhancement over molecular diffusion or non-local exchange. In this paper, we test under what conditions the results obtained through this fitting are robust. We first use identifiability analysis to investigate the minimum data requirements for two types of sediments, representative for deep-sea and shallow-water settings. We …

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Cluster Analysis For Physical Oceanographic Data And Oceanographic Surveys In Turkish Seas, Derya Birant, Alp Kut Jan 2006

Cluster Analysis For Physical Oceanographic Data And Oceanographic Surveys In Turkish Seas, Derya Birant, Alp Kut

Journal of Marine Research

Cluster analysis is a useful data mining method to obtain detailed information on the physical state of the ocean. The primary objective of this study is the development of a new spatio-temporal density-based algorithm for clustering physical oceanographic data. This study extends the regular spatial cluster analysis to deal with spatial data at different epochs. It also presents the sensitivity of the new algorithm to different parameter settings. The purpose of the sensitivity analysis presented in this paper is to identify the response of the algorithm to variations in input parameter values and boundary conditions. In order to demonstrate the …

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Variability Of The Subantarctic And Polar Fronts In The Drake Passage As Deduced From Altimetry, Nadine Chouaib, Felix Stoehr, Christine Provost Jan 2006

Variability Of The Subantarctic And Polar Fronts In The Drake Passage As Deduced From Altimetry, Nadine Chouaib, Felix Stoehr, Christine Provost

Journal of Marine Research

The magnitude and time variability of the total volume transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current through Drake Passage is a key climatic index, yet still uncertain. We processed ten years of TOPEX/Poseïdon data along two adjacent descending tracks in Drake Passage assuming (following Gille, 1994) that the surface current velocity has a profile structure of double Gaussian jets corresponding respectively to the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and the Polar Front (PF). We seek the location, width and intensity of each jet as a function of time. Results from the two tracks are coherent and show that the time evolution of the …

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Zombie Lending And Depressed Restructuring In Japan, Ricardo J. Caballero, Takeo Hoshi, Anil K. Kashyap Jan 2006

Zombie Lending And Depressed Restructuring In Japan, Ricardo J. Caballero, Takeo Hoshi, Anil K. Kashyap

Documents

No abstract provided.

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