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Measuring The U.S. Employment Situation Using Online Panels: The Yale Labor Survey, Christopher Foote, Tyler Hounshell, William D. Nordhaus, Douglas Rivers, Pamela Torola Apr 2021

Measuring The U.S. Employment Situation Using Online Panels: The Yale Labor Survey, Christopher Foote, Tyler Hounshell, William D. Nordhaus, Douglas Rivers, Pamela Torola

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This study presents the design and results of a rapid-fire survey that collects labor market data for individuals in the United States. The purpose is to test online panels for their application to social, economic, and demographic information as well as to apply this approach to the U.S. labor market. The Yale Labor Survey (YLS) used an online panel from YouGov to replicate statistics from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the government’s official source of household labor market statistics. The YLS’s advantages included its timeliness, low cost, and ability to develop new questions quickly to study unusual labor market patterns …

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Periodic Report: Update On Outstanding Lending Facilities Authorized By The Board Under Section 13(3) Of The Federal Reserve Act - April 9, 2021, Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors Apr 2021

Periodic Report: Update On Outstanding Lending Facilities Authorized By The Board Under Section 13(3) Of The Federal Reserve Act - April 9, 2021, Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors

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Administration Agreement Among Cp Funding Facility Ii Llc, The Federal Reserve Bank Of New York, And State Street Bank And Trust Company, Federal Reserve System: Federal Reserve Bank Of New York Apr 2021

Administration Agreement Among Cp Funding Facility Ii Llc, The Federal Reserve Bank Of New York, And State Street Bank And Trust Company, Federal Reserve System: Federal Reserve Bank Of New York

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No abstract provided.

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Review Of Documenting Rebellions: A Study Of Four Lesbian And Gay Archives In Queer Times, Lynn A. Cowles Apr 2021

Review Of Documenting Rebellions: A Study Of Four Lesbian And Gay Archives In Queer Times, Lynn A. Cowles

Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies

The comparative case study, Documenting Rebellions: A Study of Four Lesbian and Gay Archives in Queer Times, traces the development of four prominent lesbian and gay archives as they grew out of the rights movement of the 1960s through the AIDS crisis and into the 21st century. The study is informed by both queer theory and archival theory. The volume historically contextualizes them within the lesbian and gay rights movement, as well as the movement in archival science and practice to restore the voices of those silenced by power structures within society.

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Investor Communication And Say-On-Pay, Robert Bishop Apr 2021

Investor Communication And Say-On-Pay, Robert Bishop

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

It is well-understood that collective action problems and federal securities law limit communication among public-company investors. Activist shareholders who wish to hold corporate insiders to account, however, must rely on support from other investors to effect change. At the same time, Congress has recently mandated that all public companies give investors a nonbinding vote on executive pay. Yet few have considered whether such votes communicate information on investor satisfaction with incumbents to activists. That consequence—intended or not—could carry significant implications for corporate governance.In this Article, I show that the federal say-on-pay mandate provides a channel for institutional investors to communicate …

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Essays On Financial Economics, Natee Amornsiripanitch Apr 2021

Essays On Financial Economics, Natee Amornsiripanitch

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

My dissertation has three chapters. In the first chapter, I show that property tax rates among single family homes in the United States are regressive with respect to sale price because tax assessors use flawed valuation models that ignore priced house and neighborhood characteristics. The insight from this chapter is that a wealth tax system that requires the government to value assets that do not have readily available market prices would tend to increase wealth inequality among asset owners. In the second chapter, I show that failure of bond insurance companies during the Global Financial Crisis constrained local municipalities’ ability …

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Analytic Studies Of Fermions In The Conformal Bootstrap, Soner Albayrak Apr 2021

Analytic Studies Of Fermions In The Conformal Bootstrap, Soner Albayrak

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In this thesis, we analyze unitary conformal field theories in three dimensional spaces by applying analytic conformal bootstrap techniques to correlation functions of non-scalar operators, in particular Majorana fermions. Via the analysis of these correlation functions, we access several sectors in the spectrum of conformal field theories that have been previously unexplored with analytic methods, and we provide new data for several operator families. In the first part of the thesis, we achieve this by the large spin expansions that have been traditionally used in the conformal bootstrap program for scalar correlators, whereas in the second part we carry out …

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Essays On The Economics Of Education And Health In Developing Countries, Kritika Narula Apr 2021

Essays On The Economics Of Education And Health In Developing Countries, Kritika Narula

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In my dissertation, I examine topics related to education and health in the context of developing countries.In Chapter 1, I study the impact of a large and unique public policy in India, known as the Right to Education (RTE) Act, on the education outcomes of children. The RTE Act made education a fundamental right of every child between the ages of 6 and 14 by guaranteeing free admission in a neighborhood school. It simultaneously reduced the cost of attending private school for the disadvantaged by reserving 25% of the seats in entry grades in private schools for them, and reduced …

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Sociocognitive Development Through A Comparative Developmental Lens, Alyssa Mcsherry Arre Apr 2021

Sociocognitive Development Through A Comparative Developmental Lens, Alyssa Mcsherry Arre

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Early human life is marked by robust developmental shifts in sociocognitive abilities. While we know a lot about these developmental patterns in human primates, we know relatively little about whether nonhuman primates share these early life trajectories. In this dissertation, I identify and explore three open questions using this comparative developmental psychology method. In Chapter 2 (Arre, Clark, and Santos, 2020), I compare the developmental trajectory of an early emerging theory of mind ability— the capacity to represent what others see— in a primate species to the existing established trajectory in human infants. In Chapter 3 (Arre, Stumph, & Santos, …

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Three Essays On The Role Of Unstructured Data In Marketing Research, Ishita Sunity Kumar Chakraborty Apr 2021

Three Essays On The Role Of Unstructured Data In Marketing Research, Ishita Sunity Kumar Chakraborty

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This thesis studies the use of firm and user-generated unstructured data (e.g., text and videos) for improving market research combining advances in text, audio and video processing with traditional economic modeling. The first chapter is joint work with K. Sudhir and Minkyung Kim. It addresses two significant challenges in using online text reviews to obtain fine-grained attribute level sentiment ratings. First, we develop a deep learning convolutional-LSTM hybrid model to account for language structure, in contrast to methods that rely on word frequency. The convolutional layer accounts for the spatial structure (adjacent word groups or phrases) and LSTM accounts for …

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Computational Discovery Of Structured Non-Coding Rna Motifs In Bacteria, Kenneth Ivan Brewer Apr 2021

Computational Discovery Of Structured Non-Coding Rna Motifs In Bacteria, Kenneth Ivan Brewer

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation describes a range of computational efforts to discover novel structured non-coding RNA (ncRNA) motifs in bacteria and generate hypotheses regarding their potential functions. This includes an introductory description of key advances in comparative genomics and RNA structure prediction as well as some of the most commonly found ncRNA candidates. Beyond that, I describe efforts for the comprehensive discovery of ncRNA candidates in 25 bacterial genomes and a catalog of the various functions hypothesized for these new motifs. Finally, I describe the Discovery of Intergenic Motifs PipeLine (DIMPL) which is a new computational toolset that harnesses the power of …

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Well-Distributed Sequences: Number Theory, Optimal Transport, And Potential Theory, Louis Max Brown Apr 2021

Well-Distributed Sequences: Number Theory, Optimal Transport, And Potential Theory, Louis Max Brown

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation will be to examine various ways of measuring how uniformly distributed a sequence of points on compact manifolds and finite combinatorial graphs can be, providing bounds and novel explicit algorithms to pick extremely uniform points, as well as connecting disparate branches of mathematics such as Number Theory and Optimal Transport. Chapter 1 sets the stage by introducing some of the fundamental ideas and results that will be used consistently throughout the thesis: we develop and establish Weyl's Theorem, the definition of discrepancy, LeVeque's Inequality, the Erdős-Turán Inequality, Koksma-Hlawka Inequality, and Schmidt's Theorem about Irregularities of …

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The Logic Of Escalation And The Benefits Of Conventional Power Preponderance In The Nuclear Age, Tyler John Bowen Apr 2021

The Logic Of Escalation And The Benefits Of Conventional Power Preponderance In The Nuclear Age, Tyler John Bowen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

What is the value of conventional military preponderance in a nuclear world? The possession of nuclear weapons by the world’s major power renders great power war obsolete, and fundamental theories of how nuclear weapons affect international politics claim that conventional capabilities matter less in a nuclear world. Yet, major powers are competing for conventional superiority and have done so throughout the nuclear age. In particular, the United States spends hundreds of billions of dollars to maintain aggregate conventional preponderance over its nearest great power rivals. Rather than label this behavior as irrational, I develop conventional options theory examine the security …

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Natural Language Processing And Graph Representation Learning For Clinical Data, David Chang Apr 2021

Natural Language Processing And Graph Representation Learning For Clinical Data, David Chang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The past decade has witnessed remarkable progress in biomedical informatics and its related fields: the development of high-throughput technologies in genomics, the mass adoption of electronic health records systems, and the AI renaissance largely catalyzed by deep learning. Deep learning has played an undeniably important role in our attempts to reduce the gap between the exponentially growing amount of biomedical data and our ability to make sense of them. In particular, the two main pillars of this dissertation---natural language processing and graph representation learning---have improved our capacity to learn useful representations of language and structured data to an extent previously …

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Early Shh-Dependent Telencephalic Patterning Disruptions In Tourette Syndrome, Melanie Victoria Brady Apr 2021

Early Shh-Dependent Telencephalic Patterning Disruptions In Tourette Syndrome, Melanie Victoria Brady

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Ventral telencephalic development gives rise to the basal ganglia, a subpallial brain region responsible for motor function and coordination. This brain region is implicated in many movement disorders, including Tourette Syndrome (TS). TS is a heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorder and its etiopathophysiology is unknown. To date, TS has been investigated in animal models and postnatal human subjects, but early development of this disorder has not been studied. Previous work in adult TS post mortem basal ganglia tissue has shown a reduction in striatal interneurons, which serve to largely regulate striatal output. However, possible mechanisms for this neuronal loss and whether or …

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A Comparison Of Strategies For Mitigation Of Lifecycle Greenhouse Gases From Residential Buildings In The United States, Peter Berrill Apr 2021

A Comparison Of Strategies For Mitigation Of Lifecycle Greenhouse Gases From Residential Buildings In The United States, Peter Berrill

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Buildings play a key role in determining global demand for energy and materials, and therefore have a major influence on anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This dissertation examines recent trends and future trajectories of energy demand and GHG emissions from residential buildings in the United States. Around 10% of residential GHG emissions in the United States come from material production and construction activities, a share that will increase as energy supply decarbonizes. Decarbonization of electricity generation has been the primary source of residential sector emission reductions since 2005. Demand side energy efficiency improvements have helped to reduce emissions, but compared …

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Patience And Forgiveness: The Meaning Of Kṣānti (Pali: Khanti) In The Mahābhārata And The Pali Canon, Mansi Sunil Agrawal Apr 2021

Patience And Forgiveness: The Meaning Of Kṣānti (Pali: Khanti) In The Mahābhārata And The Pali Canon, Mansi Sunil Agrawal

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation explores the meaning of the Sanskrit term kṣānti in the Mahābhārata and the Pali term khanti in the Pali Canon. There is considerable debate and confusion within the scholarly community as to what these terms mean, and scholars have chosen to translate the verbal root from which they derive using a wide range of terms: “ be patient,” “forgive,” “tolerate,” “endure,” “suffer,” “pardon,” “forbear,” “wait,” “allow,” “indulge,” and so on. Through a thorough and close examination of the Mahābhārata and the Pali Canon, this dissertation unveils the precise meanings of these terms in these texts. This dissertation will …

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New Search For Higgs Boson Decay To A Beyond The Standard Model Vector Boson With The Atlas Detector, Christian Thomas Martin Weber Apr 2021

New Search For Higgs Boson Decay To A Beyond The Standard Model Vector Boson With The Atlas Detector, Christian Thomas Martin Weber

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation presents the search for the beyond Standard Model process H -> ZZd -> 4l; the decay of a Higgs boson to four leptons via an intermediate Z boson and an intermediate beyond Standard Model dark vector boson Zd. The Zd is in this analysis presumed to exist in a mass range of 15 GeV to 55 GeV, and connect to the Standard Model via kinetic mixing with the Z boson. Only electrons and leptons are considered in the leptonic final states.The analysis is based on 139 inverse femto barn of proton-proton collision with a center of mass energy …

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Essays In Applied Bayesian Analysis, Xinyuan Chen Apr 2021

Essays In Applied Bayesian Analysis, Xinyuan Chen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

With continuing rapid developments in computational power, Bayesian statistical methods, because of their user-friendliness and estimation capabilities, have become increasingly popular in a considerable variety of application fields. In this thesis, applied Bayesian methodological topics and empirical examples focusing on nonhomogeneous hidden Markov models (NHMMs) and measurement error models are explored in three chapters. In the first chapter, a subsequence-based variational Bayesian inference framework for NHMMs is proposed in order to address the computational problems encountered when analyzing datasets containing long sequences. The second chapter concentrates on measurement error models, where a Bayesian estimation procedure is proposed for the partial …

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Acetylcholine Signaling In The Basolateral Amygdala During Reward Learning, Richard Blake Crouse Apr 2021

Acetylcholine Signaling In The Basolateral Amygdala During Reward Learning, Richard Blake Crouse

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Animal survival relies in part on the ability to learn the outcomes that environmental stimuli predict and recall those associations to make decisions later in life. Learning is not monolithic, but instead is mediated by different brain regions depending on the type of information processed. Learning can happen at happen at different speeds, and memories can vary in their longevity. Much is still unknown about the neurobiology underlying learning and memory, thus further research into these processes is necessary to build foundational understanding of these critical phenomenon, and also to develop novel treatments for patients suffering from learning and memory …

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Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms To Characterize Single-Cell Heterogeneity And Perturbation Response, Daniel Bernard Burkhardt Apr 2021

Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms To Characterize Single-Cell Heterogeneity And Perturbation Response, Daniel Bernard Burkhardt

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Recent advances in microfluidic technologies facilitate the measurement of gene expression, DNA accessibility, protein content, or genomic mutations at unprecedented scale. The challenges imposed by the scale of these datasets are further exacerbated by non-linearity in molecular effects, complex interdependencies between features, and a lack of understanding of both data generating processes and sources of technical and biological noise. As a result, analysis of modern single-cell data requires the development of specialized computational tools. One solution to these problems is the use of manifold learning, a sub-field of unsupervised machine learning that seeks to model data geometry using a simplifying …

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Essays In Environmental And Energy Economics, Wade Ivan Davis Apr 2021

Essays In Environmental And Energy Economics, Wade Ivan Davis

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation contributes developments in modeling and policy analysis in environmental and energy economics. All three chapters are useful to ongoing debates in climate change policy and the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions. My first chapter develops a model of consumer decision-making in an analysis of the electricity retail choice market in Texas. This project explores (1) the limitations of consumer decision-making in a setting with large choice sets and (2) the relationship between competition and product variety after deregulation. I find strong evidence of inattention and search costs as explanations for consumers' widespread failure to choose cost-minimizing contracts. These …

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Rough Beginnings: Imagining The Origins Of Agriculture In Late Medieval And Early Modern Britain, Clio Doyle Apr 2021

Rough Beginnings: Imagining The Origins Of Agriculture In Late Medieval And Early Modern Britain, Clio Doyle

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The Renaissance had both apocalyptic and hopeful visions of the future, but both were tied into the idea of the Golden Age, a past age that could be described as perfectly fertile or hopelessly barren, as a time of plenty or of hunger. The idea of a time before agriculture was approached with ambivalence: it was at once the innocent, ideal beginning and the feared end. I argue in my dissertation, “Rough Beginnings: Imagining the Origins of Agriculture in Late Medieval and Early Modern Britain,” that stories about the invention of agriculture allowed writers of poetry, drama, history, and husbandry …

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Figuring Collectivity In The Age Of Climate Crisis, Maximilian Elihu Chaoulideer Apr 2021

Figuring Collectivity In The Age Of Climate Crisis, Maximilian Elihu Chaoulideer

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation confronts a contradiction that has come to define human life over (at least) the past quarter millennium: though we have, collectively, become the first species to inscribe ourselves into the geological record, we have, individually, diminishing power over the shape of the world toward which we blindly work. While imperial expansion and unfettered fossil fuel extraction threaten to undermine the material conditions of all human life, there is, I argue, a more fundamental problem manifest in anthropogenic climate change, one that poses a representational challenge. Because of its own globality, the threat posed by something as diffuse and …

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Mechanistic Insights Into The Roles And Activities Of Polymerases In Host And Viral Replication, Vincent Nghi Duong Apr 2021

Mechanistic Insights Into The Roles And Activities Of Polymerases In Host And Viral Replication, Vincent Nghi Duong

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Polymerases are vital enzymes in the continuation of life, responsible for the replication of genetic material and the conversion of genetic information to necessary products. A large subset of these polymerases is dedicated to the high-fidelity replication and repair of DNA in the cell cycle of organisms. In addition, viruses utilize polymerases in order to produce DNA or RNA used to synthesize products for virion assembly. With such an important role, polymerases have been a focus in many therapeutic studies of cancer and antiviral treatments. This dissertation focuses on three different polymerases, PrimPol, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT), …

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Epic Black: Poetics In Protest In The Time Of Black Lives Matter, David Marcello De León Apr 2021

Epic Black: Poetics In Protest In The Time Of Black Lives Matter, David Marcello De León

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines certain book-length poetic works released between 2014 to 2016, corresponding to the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement formed in the wake of the killing of Trayvon Martin in 2013. I argue that these works emerge from the same political and poetic urgency that demanded a movement like BLM. Using Beyoncé’s Lemonade (2016) as an entrance, I focus on a genre/strategy that Farah Jasmine Griffin calls Epic Black, a poetics that uses the hypervisibility of Black bodies, the inescapable place that Black expression has in popular American culture, and the scale and scope of the Western …

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Wobbling Towards The Future: Applications Of The Radial Velocity Technique To Detect Ever-Smaller Exoplanets, Allen Bradford Davis Apr 2021

Wobbling Towards The Future: Applications Of The Radial Velocity Technique To Detect Ever-Smaller Exoplanets, Allen Bradford Davis

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The past several decades have seen an explosion in humanity's knowledge about the existence of distant worlds. Thousands of exoplanets have been now been discovered thanks to the development and refinement of the radial velocity (RV) and transit techniques. We are beginning to piece together an understanding of the diversity of these worlds and of the mechanisms that drive planet formation and evolution. While this progress has been titanic, Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars (the places most suited to host life as we know it) remain out of our reach. Noise created by stellar activity along …

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Service Abstractions For Scalable Deep Learning Inference At The Edge, Peizhen Guo Apr 2021

Service Abstractions For Scalable Deep Learning Inference At The Edge, Peizhen Guo

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Deep learning driven intelligent edge has already become a reality, where millions of mobile, wearable, and IoT devices analyze real-time data and transform those into actionable insights on-device. Typical approaches for optimizing deep learning inference mostly focus on accelerating the execution of individual inference tasks, without considering the contextual correlation unique to edge environments and the statistical nature of learning-based computation. Specifically, they treat inference workloads as individual black boxes and apply canonical system optimization techniques, developed over the last few decades, to handle them as yet another type of computation-intensive applications. As a result, deep learning inference on edge …

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Text Summarization Across High And Low-Resource Settings, Alexander Richard Fabbri Apr 2021

Text Summarization Across High And Low-Resource Settings, Alexander Richard Fabbri

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Natural language processing aims to build automated systems that can both understand and generate natural language textual data. As the amount of textual data available online has increased exponentially, so has the need for intelligence systems to comprehend and present it to the world. As a result, automatic text summarization, the process by which a text's salient content is automatically distilled into a concise form, has become a necessary tool. Automatic text summarization approaches and applications vary based on the input summarized, which may constitute single or multiple documents of different genres. Furthermore, the desired output style may consist of …

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Essays In Network Economics, Jian Xin Xin Heng Apr 2021

Essays In Network Economics, Jian Xin Xin Heng

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Chapter 1 explores possibilities for non-parametrically identifying peer effects. In my model, outcomes associated with individuals are an unknown function of expected peer outcomes and other individual-specific attributes. Unobserved heterogeneity in outcomes across individuals is captured by an additively separable individual-specific error. The error is mean dependent on peer group, rendering expected peer outcome an endogenous covariate. Exogenous peer attributes are absent from the individuals’ remaining covariates.\\ When the data is cross-sectional, I propose imposing a stringent but intuitive assumption on how individual outcomes depend on expected peer outcomes and remaining individual-specific attributes. Specifically, I assume one of the individual-specific …

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