Digital Commons Network^™

It’S Giving Nonfactive Small Clause Selection, David Garsten

Yale Working Papers in Grammatical Diversity

In this paper I examine the syntax and semantics of English nonfactive verbs, bare nominals, and small clauses through the colloquial constructions it’s giving and screams+NP. I aim to explain the formality of nonfactives with DP small clauses in American English, as well as the informality of bare nominals in adjectival positions. First I propose a semantics for two nonfactive heads: v_ATT and v_EVI. I demonstrate that all variation in the selection of English small clause type can be reduced to selection by category, and that these nonfactive heads have lost the ability to c-select for …

Addendum To The Mapbook Of Syntactic Variation In American English: Survey Results, 2020–2021, Jim Wood, Guilherme M. C. Pereira

Yale Working Papers in Grammatical Diversity

This paper presents an addendum to the Mapbook of Syntactic Variation in American English (Wood et al. 2020), reporting the results of additional acceptability-judgment surveys conducted by the Yale Grammatical Diversity Project in 2020–2021. Using the same survey design, data-processing pipeline, and mapping techniques as the original mapbook, we extend the empirical record to a new set of syntactic constructions, including additional uses of hella, causal where, the alternative one construction, intensificational fully, and several cases of object omission with transitive verbs, which we call “lonely transitives”. As in the original work, we provide geospatial visualizations of …

The Other Side Of Rousseau’S Political Theology: The Influence Of Plutarch And Calvin On The Profession Of Faith Of The Savoyard Vicar, Thomas Daniel Moore

Yale Divinity School Theses

This thesis examines Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Profession of Faith of the Savoyard Vicar, paying particular attention philosophic influences of the Vicar, especially as pertains to metaphysics. It fills a void in the scholarship, as there is not much work in general–and especially in recent years–on the relationship between Plutarch, Calvin, and Rousseau. Indeed, although Rousseau’s love for Plutarch is often acknowledged, it is seldom explored; and, when it is explored, it is typically only with an eye to the political realm, and never the metaphysical dimension. Calvin, when mentioned in association with Rousseau at all, is typically interpreted as a minor …

Information Revelation In Constant-Sum Games: Elections And Beyond, Navin Kartik, Francesco Squintani, Katrin Tinn

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We study two-player constant-sum Bayesian games with type-independent payoffs. Under a “completeness” statistical condition, any “identifiable” equilibrium is an ex-post equilibrium. We apply this result to a Downsian election in which office-motivated candidates possess private information about policy consequences. The ex-post property implies a sharp bound on information aggregation: equilibrium voter welfare is at best equal to the efficient use of a single candidate’s information. In canonical specifications, politicians may “anti-pander” (overreact to their information), whereas some degree of pandering would be socially beneficial. We discuss other applications of the ex-post result.

Kalunga Crossings: Waterscapes Of Terror And "Teachment" In The African Atlantic World, Dianne M. Stewart, Tracey E. Hucks, Solimar Otero

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

In this article, we think alongside historian of religions Charles H. Long to analyze the relationship between water and empire, explore theoretical approaches to water and modernity, and probe the significance of water in Africana ecologies and spiritual cultures, highlighting its suggestive contributions to restorative epistemologies of ecological co-habitation. Our investigation advances an Africana religious framework of “waterscapes of terror and ‘teachment’” that centers diaspora bodies of water as loci for analyzing history, materiality, and ecological regard. Teachment is an anti-colonial linguistic irruption, an all-encompassing term for Africana pedagogies and epistemologies that defy antiblack and anti-African colonial instruction. Examining how …

Byzantine Theories Of Scale And Arab-Byzantine Chant Practices: A Comparative Analysis Proposing A New Resolution To The Theoretical System Of Chrysanthos Of Madytos, Rosy Azar

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

In 2015, Amine Beyhom published a book on Byzantine chant, in which he summarised all the existing theories, paying particular attention to the problematic reform of the Byzantine chant theory in 1881, and guiding the reader through the steps that led to that reform. Driven by the first ever comparison between Byzantine and Arabic modes that he had found in Mīkhāʾīl Mashāqa’s epistle, Beyhom first studied Chrysanthos of Madytos’ insight. He documented this research in detail and followed it with a practical comparison to demonstrate if theory is indeed applied or it acts only as prescriptive guide. He recorded and …

Olivier Messiaen’S "Première Communion De La Vierge" And The Translation Of Religious Meaning, Robert Sholl, Jean-Rodolphe Kars

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

This study creates a rich exegesis of “Première Communion de la Vierge” from Olivier Messiaen’s (1908–1992) piano cycle Vingt Regards sur l’Enfant-Jésus (1944) to show how Messiaen attempted to translate musical symbolism into religious meaning. The first two sections provide background and context on the work, revise previous scholarship, and show how this piece (no XI) functions as a theological hinge in the cycle. The genesis and sources of the Vingt Regards, using previously unavailable archival material, are examined to provide new insight into both the cycle and the “Première Communion.” The aesthetic scaffolding of this piece is then …

Replacement And Reputation, Navin Kartik, Elliot Lipnowski, Harry Pei

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Does electoral replacement ensure that officeholders eventually act in voters’ interests? We study a reputational model of accountability. Voters observe incumbents’ performance and decide whether to replace them. Politicians may be “good” types who always exert effort or opportunists who may shirk. We find that good long-run outcomes are always attainable, though the mechanism and its robustness depend on economic conditions. In environments conducive to incentive provision, some equilibria feature sustained effort, yet others exhibit some long-run shirking. In the complementary case, opportunists are never fully disciplined, but selection dominates: every equilibrium eventually settles on a good politician, yielding permanent …

Enrolled Deeds As Records And Archives In Jamaica, Andrew Williams

Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies

This paper examines the history of the enrolled deeds record series in Jamaica, from its creation in the mid-seventeenth century through to the present day. It is a critical examination of a single record series through colonialism and independence. It examines the purpose of deeds and the context in which deeds registries were created before examining the history of the series through the periods of slavery and emancipation. It examines in close detail the late nineteenth century, when the Island Record Office—which has custody of the enrolled deeds—was created and several other important changes happened. It situates the enrolled deeds …

Archival Notations Of The Norwegian Charter Material, Juliane Tiemann

Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies

This paper explores archival notations, primarily from the early modern and modern periods, found on the dorse of Norwegian charters dating from the 13th to the 17th century. By examining the notation practices of two prominent Norwegian archivists and collectors, the study further highlights individual efforts in documenting and preserving these materials across various collections. The archival efforts are contextualized historically, noting a transition to systematic archival management. The findings reveal the significance of this largely unexplored component of Norwegian charters as additional historical sources, emphasizing the role of dorsal annotations in provenance research. The textual and visual analysis of …

Information Without Rents: Mechanism Design Without Expected Utility, Ernesto Rivera Mora, Philipp Strack

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We study mechanism design for a sophisticated agent with non-expected utility (EU) preferences. We show that the revelation principle holds if and only if all types are EU maximizers: if at least one type is a non-EU maximizer, randomizing over dynamic mechanisms generates a strictly larger set of implementable allocations than using static mechanisms. Moreover, dynamic stochastic mechanisms can fully extract the private information of any type who doesn’t have uniformly quasi-concave preferences without providing that type any rent. Full-surplus extraction is possible in a broad variety of non-EU environments, but impossible for types with concave preferences.

New Measures For Richer Theories: Some Thoughts And An Example, Orazio Attanasio, Victor Sancibrian, Federica Ambrosio

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

For a long time, the majority of economists doing empirical work relied on choice data, while data based on answers to hypothetical questions, stated preferences or measures of subjective beliefs were met with some skepticism. Although this has changed recently, much work needs to be done. In this paper, we emphasize the identifying content of new economic measures. In the first part of the paper, we discuss where the literature on measures in economics stands at the moment. We first consider how the design and use of new measures can help identify causal links and structural parameters under weaker assumptions …

Slim: Stochastic Learning And Inference In Overidentified Models, Xiaohong Chen, Min Seong Kim, Sokbae Lee, Myung Hwan Seo, Myunghyun Song

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We propose SLIM (Stochastic Learning and Inference in overidentified Models), a scalable stochastic approximation framework for nonlinear GMM. SLIM forms iterative updates from independent mini-batches of moments and their derivatives, producing unbiased directions that ensure almost-sure convergence. It requires neither a consistent initial estimator nor global convexity and accommodates both fixed-sample and random-sampling asymptotics. We further develop an optional second-order refinement and inference procedures based on random scaling and plug-in methods, including plug-in, debiased plug-in, and online versions of the Sargan–Hansen J-test tailored to stochastic learning. In Monte Carlo experiments based on a nonlinear EASI demand system with 576 moment …

Climate Shocks And State Formation: The 1970 Bhola Cyclone And The Birth Of Bangladesh, Sultan Mehmood, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak

Discussion Papers

State formation through secession often requires two critical steps: building mass support for independence, and engaging in violent conflict against a state resisting territorial loss. Combining satellite data with archival sources, we statistically document how exposure to the 1970 Bhola cyclone in East Pakistan which killed 350,000 people led to a rise in separatist sentiments expressed in voting booths, and later induced citizens to take up arms against the government and engage in guerrilla warfare. We identify the cyclone as a focal point that helped galvanize dispersed separatist sentiments into an organized political movement and war, in part by revealing …

Timbre — A Transcendent Paradox?, Eugenia Siegel Conte

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

Timbre, as ethnomusicologist Cornelia Fales writes, is “paradoxical” precisely because it is one of the most exacting processes in which the human body may sense and comprehend the source of a sound even as that comprehended sound is impossible to describe outside of metaphor or comparison. As one of the more recognizable qualities of sound but the most difficult to describe, timbre allows us to consider physical/emotional (affective) experiences of sound as a key aspect of faith and meditation. In this article, I examine physical-affective intersections of faith and meditation that often are key to praxes of worship, and show …

Singing A Wide Heart: Timbre And Sung Prayer In Senegal’S Layène Community, Margaret L. Rowley

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

Layène sung prayer (called sikkar) is embedded within the religious practices of the Layène community, a minority Sufi order in Dakar, Senegal. This article explores the functions of Layène sung prayer, focusing especially on its loud, vibrational timbre. Both men and women vocalists in call-and-response sing loudly, using wide vibrato and electronic amplification to ensure that the sikkar reaches the inhabitants—both human and non-human—in the surrounding community. This article demonstrates that the distinctive timbre of Layène sung prayer serves the spiritual functions of binding the community together in spiritual and social cohesion, increasing individual and collective generosity, and demarcating …

Live Wires: The Angelus Temple And The Timbre Of Power, Catherine Provenzano

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

This article is a media history and contemporary case study of The Angelus Temple in Los Angeles, founded by Aimee Semple McPherson in 1923. My analysis of the Angelus insists upon the centrality of a hyperaudible paradigm of worship that uses media to maximize the legibility of a Christian message, and, more than this, imagines that media itself as a living soul in need of redemption. Many contemporary megachurches employ savvy applications of sound and sound transmission as instruments of belonging as well as action, and these rely on high-budget investments in church infrastructure, software and personnel. I argue that …

From The Heaviest, Dirtiest Depths To The Washy Ambient Clouds: Guitar Timbre In/As Schismogenesis In North American Christianity, Joshua K. Busman, Nathan Myrick

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

This essay argues that within the socio-cultural context of North American Christianity, the timbral qualities of electric guitar, with its long lineage as a site of cultural values conflict and identity negotiation, serves a theological function in the emerging and cohering sonority of digital worship. Using as comparative case studies the timbral qualities of delay and ambience as promoted and sold by Worship Tutorials as representing normative sonic values for these Christians, on the one hand, and the dialectic and schismatic deployment of distortion by the band My Epic on the other, we suggest that these timbral qualities become important …

Introduction: The Power Of Timbre In Religion, Bo Kyung Blenda Im, Nathan Myrick

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

How might attending to timbre shift the boundaries of the experiences and practices that come under the analytical purview of religion? What timbral qualities render prayer efficacious and invite divine encounter? What cosmological claims and social relations are forwarded through sounds invoked in religious rituals and gatherings? How do marginalized voices and instruments shape worshipping communities? On the other hand, how are dominant identities and attendant structures reified through religiously marked timbre? Such questions about the character of sounds and their implications for religion animate this issue of the Yale Journal of Music & Religion.

Safely Exploring Novel Actions In Recommender Systems Via Deployment-Efficient Policy Learning, Haruka Kiyohara, Yusuke Narita, Yuta Saito, Kei Tateno, Takuma Udagawa

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

In many real recommender systems, novel items are added frequently over time. The importance of sufficiently presenting novel actions has widely been acknowledged for improving long-term user engagement. A recent work builds on Off-Policy Learning (OPL), which trains a policy from only logged data, however, the existing methods can be unsafe in the presence of novel actions. Our goal is to develop a framework to enforce exploration of novel actions with a guarantee for safety. To this end, we first develop Safe Off-Policy Policy Gradient (Safe OPG), which is a model-free safe OPL method based on a high confidence off-policy …

Lessons Learned: Grahame Johnson, Mercedes Cardona

Journal of Financial Crises

Grahame Johnson was named managing director of financial stability at the Bank of Canada in November 2019, just months before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and became adviser to the governor in 2021. The Bank of Canada responded to the economic effect of the pandemic by launching 10 liquidity facilities—nine of them never attempted before—to repurchase securities such as government and corporate bonds, bank acceptances, and commercial paper. The measures were largely successful, and nine of the 10 facilities were unwound by 2022. The tenth, the Government of Canada Bond Purchase Program (GBPP), transitioned into a quantitative easing program …

Chapter 1: A Brief History Of Archival Appraisal. In Selecting And Appraising Archives And Manuscripts, Michelle Light

Library Staff Publications

This chapter traces the evolution of archival appraisal theory and practice in the United States, situating it within shifting technological, social, and intellectual contexts from the late nineteenth century to the present. In this roughly chronological account, the chapter underscores continuity and disruption in selecting and appraising archival records. It highlights the influence and ongoing critiques of Theodore Schellenberg’s evidential and informational values, as well as subsequent expansions by Maynard Britchford and others. It explores transformative moments such as F. Gerald Ham’s call for coordinated documentation, the development of the Black Box model, the rise of documentation strategy, and the …

Edgeworth Expansions In Curved Cross Section Autoregression, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Edgeworth expansions are developed for the finite sample distribution of the least squares estimator in a time series parametric first order autoregression with Hilbert space curves of cross section data. The main result extends to this functional data environment the Edgeworth expansion in the corresponding scalar time series AR(1). In doing so, the results show how function-valued cross section data, and hence general forms of cross section dependence, affect the finite sample distribution of the serial correlation coefficient. Autoregressions with functional fixed effect intercepts are included and the results therefore relate to dynamic panel autoregression with individual effects. The primary …

Optimal Estimation In A Multicointegrated System, Igor Kheifets, Peter C.B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Optimal estimation is explored in long run relations that are modeled within a semiparametric triangular multicointegrated system. In nonsingular cointegrated systems, where there is no multicointegration, optimal estimation is well understood (Phillips, 1991a). This paper establishes corresponding optimal results for singular systems, thereby accommodating a wide class of multicointegrated nonstationary time series with nonparametric transient dynamics. The optimality and sub-optimality of existing estimators are considered and new optimal estimators of both the cointegrating and multicointegrating coefficients are introduced that are based on spectral regression.

Identifying Factors Linked To A Higher Prevalence Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Younger Us Military Veterans, Jordan Hathorn

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder is a significant public health concern in the U.S., with military veterans disproportionately affected. Although younger veterans exhibit a higher prevalence of PTSD compared to their older counterparts, the mechanisms driving this age-related difference remain unclear. This study examined sociodemographic, trauma-specific, and psychosocial factors that may contribute to the elevated prevalence of PTSD in younger (age < 50) vs. older (age 50 and older) veterans.

Methods: Data were analyzed from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS), which surveyed a nationally representative sample of US military veterans (n=4,069).

Results: Younger veterans were three times more likely to screen positive for PTSD compared to …

Beyond Description: Interrogating Narrative Elements In Archival Finding Aids, David J. Williams, Richard Kearney

Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies

As the archival profession evolves, attention is increasingly paid to the usability of its resources and services. User Experience, or UX, is a contemporary design practice gaining prominence among archivists interested in addressing usability. Information design, the process of organizing and presenting information for efficient and effective use, is a component of UX incorporating both the presentation and content of communication instruments, with plain language writing guidelines applied toward achieving this goal. A prominent information artifact produced by archivists is the finding aid, describing and inventorying archival collections. Those components of finding aids providing “access points” into collections—communicating the …

Large-Scale Curve Time Series With Common Stochastic Trends, Degui Li, Yuning Li, Peter C. B. Phillips

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper studies high-dimensional curve time series with common stochastic trends. A dual functional factor model structure is adopted with a high-dimensional factor model for the observed curve time series and a low-dimensional factor model for the latent curves with common trends. A functional PCA technique is applied to estimate the common stochastic trends and functional factor loadings. Under some regularity conditions we derive the mean square convergence and limit distribution theory for the developed estimates, allowing the dimension and sample size to jointly diverge to infinity. We propose an easy-to-implement criterion to consistently select the number of common stochastic …

Multidimensional Monotonicity And Economic Applications, Frank Yang, Kai Hao Yang

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We characterize the extreme points of multidimensional monotone functions from [0,1]ⁿ to [0,1], as well as the extreme points of the set of one-dimensional marginals of these functions. These characterizations lead to new results in various mechanism design and information design problems, including public good provision with interdependent values; interim efficient bilateral trade mechanisms; asymmetric reduced form auctions; and optimal private private information structure. As another application, we also present a mechanism anti-equivalence theorem for two-agent, two-alternative social choice problems: A mechanism is payoff-equivalent to a deterministic DIC mechanism if and only if they are ex-post equivalent.

The Effect Of Education Policy On Crime: An Intergenerational Perspective, Ulrika Ahrsjö, Costas Meghir, Mårten Palme, Marieke Schnabel

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We examine the intergenerational effect of education policy on crime. Using administrative data that links outcomes across generations with crime records, we show that the Swedish comprehensive school reform, gradually implemented between 1949 and 1962, reduced conviction rates for both the generation directly affected by the reform and their sons. The reduction in conviction rates occurred in several types of crime. Mediation analysis suggests that key channels include increased parental educational attainment and household income, as well as reduced criminal behavior among fathers.

Decomposing Trends In The Gender Gap For Highly Educated Workers, Joseph G. Altonji, John Eric Humphries, Yagmur Yuksel, Ling Zhong

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper examines the gender gap in log earnings among full-time, college-educated workers born between 1931 and 1984. Using data from the National Survey of College Graduates and other sources, we decompose the gender earnings gap across birth cohorts into three components: (i) gender differences in the relative returns to undergraduate and graduate fields, (ii) gender-specific trends in undergraduate field, graduate degree attainment, and graduate field, and (iii) a cohortspecific “residual component” that shifts the gender gap uniformly across all college graduates. We have three main findings. First, when holding the relative returns to fields constant, changes in fields of …