Digital Commons Network^™

Functionalized Sulfone And Sulfonamide Based Poly(Arylene Ether)S, Marina Andrejevic

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A series of fluorinated poly(arylene ether)s, PAE, bearing sulfonated pendent sulfonyl groups, was prepared. A range of Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC) values were achieved by varying the ratios of sulfonated and non sulfonated monomers. Incorporation of both of the monomers was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and characterization of the thermal properties was done using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning (DSC). Polymers with these IEC values were synthesized in order to explore their use as a potential alternatives to the widely studied proton exchange membrane, Nafion, with an IEC of 0.91 meq/g.

Using N-phenyl-3,5-difluorobenzene sulfonamide as the starting material a …

Location Prediction Of Twitter Users Using Wikipedia, Revathy Krishnamurthy, Pavan Kapanipathi, Amit P. Sheth, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan

Kno.e.sis Publications

The mining of user generated content in social media has proven very effective in domains ranging from personalization and recommendation systems to crisis management. The knowledge of online users locations makes their tweets more informative and adds another dimension to their analysis. Existing approaches to predict the location of Twitter users are purely data-driven and require large training data sets of geo-tagged tweets. The collection and modelling process of tweets can be time intensive. To overcome this drawback, we propose a novel knowledge based approach that does not require any training data. Our approach uses information in Wikipedia, about cities …

Alignment And Dataset Identification Of Linked Data In Semantic Web, Kalpa Gunaratna, Sarasi Lalithsena, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

The Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud has gained significant attention in the Semantic Web community over the past few years. With rapid expansion in size and diversity, it consists of over 800 interlinked datasets with over 60 billion triples. These datasets encapsulate structured data and knowledge spanning over varied domains such as entertainment, life sciences, publications, geography, and government. Applications can take advantage of this by using the knowledge distributed over the interconnected datasets, which is not realistic to find in a single place elsewhere. However, two of the key obstacles in using the LOD cloud are the limited support …

The Look-Locker Method In Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Brief, Personal History, David C. Look

Physics Faculty Publications

The “Look-Locker” method of measuring nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times in a single sweep was invented by David C. Look and Donald R. Locker in 1970 and in the last twenty years has become widely used in magnetic resonance imaging. This article is a brief history of the invention from the remembrances of David Look.

Model Of Deep Nonvolcanic Tremor Part I: Ambient And Triggered Tremor, Naum I. Gershenzon, Gust Bambakidis

Physics Faculty Publications

There is evidence of triggering of tremor by seismic waves emanating from distant large earthquakes. The frequency content of triggered and ambient tremor are largely identical, suggesting that tremor does not depend directly on the nature of the source. We show here that the model of plate dynamics developed earlier by us is an appropriate tool for describing the onset of tremor. In the framework of this model, tremor is an internal response of a fault to failure triggered by external disturbances. The model predicts generation of radiation in a frequency range defined by the fault parameters. Other specific features …

Influence Of Small Scale Heterogeneity On Co2 Trapping Processes In Deep Saline Aquifers, Naum I. Gershenzon, Mohamadreza Soltanian, Robert W. Ritzi, David F. Dominic

Physics Faculty Publications

The physical mechanism of CO₂ trapping in porous media by capillary trapping (pore scale) incorporates a number of related processes, i.e. residual trapping, trapping due to hysteresis of the relative permeability, and trapping due to hysteresis of the capillary pressure. Additionally CO₂ may be trapped in heterogeneous media due to difference in capillary pressure entry points for different materials (facies scale). The amount of CO₂ trapped by these processes depends upon a complex system of non-linear and hysteretic relationships including how relative permeability and capillary pressure vary with brine and CO₂ saturation, and upon the spatial …

Web Ontology Language (Owl), Kunal Sengupta, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a core world wide web consortium [W3C] standard Knowledge representation language for the Semantic Web.

Chemosensitive Neurons Of The Locus Coeruleus And The Nucleus Tractus Solitarius: Three Dimensional Morphology And Association With The Vasculature, Cathy D. Graham

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We studied the 3 dimensional structure of LC and cNTS neurons from neonatal rats. Neurons were identified as either chemosensitive or nonchemosensitive based on their firing rate response to hypercapnia, using whole-cell patch clamping and were passively loaded with Lucifer Yellow. The identified, loaded neurons were reconstructed and analyzed using Neurolucida Neuron Tracing Software. Chemosensitive LC neurons have less rounded soma than nonchemosensitive neurons, and they have dendrites arising from two poles to produce a fusiform appearance. The dendritic branches extend a greater distance from the soma of chemosensitive than nonchemosensitive neurons. Conversely, chemosensitive cNTS neurons were found to have …

A Sers-Based Investigation Of The Molecular Interaction Between Natural Organic Matter And Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles In Porous Media, Jessica L. Fraley

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The significant presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in numerous consumer products and various applications of today’s society raises major concerns with respect to their release into the environment. Because groundwater represents an important transport pathway from contamination sources to human and environmental receptors, it is critical to understand how natural organic matter (NOM), a main component of groundwater, interacts with colloidal AgNPs and influences their stability and mobility. Thus, this study uses Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to examine the possible molecular interactions between widely-used Creighton AgNPs (11 mg L-1) and NOM (0-160.0 mg L-1 of humic and fulvic …

In Situ Measurement Of Mercury Ecotoxicological Effects On Stream Periphyton In Southwest Ohio, Jaclyn Elizabeth Klaus

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Periphyton are of ecological importance because of their critical role at the base of aquatic food webs as primary producers and as a significant source of energy to higher trophic levels in many stream ecosystems. This study examined the toxicity of mercury (Hg) to fluvial periphyton with in situ chemical exposure substrates. Two endpoints were used to measure toxicity of either total Hg or monomethylmercury (MMHg) to periphyton: periphyton biomass and metabolic activity, as a function of Hg concentrations in either periphyton or their exposure to the contaminants from two contrasting sediment types, a low-organic, sandy sediment type (SC) and …

The Curing And Degradation Kinetics Of Epdm Rubber, Robert J. Wehrle

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Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubbers containing varying amounts of diene were cured with sulfur using either a moving die rheometer (MDR) or a rubber process analyzer (RPA). The effect of removing curatives and how the curing reaction changed was explored. Kinetic data was extracted from the rheology plots and reaction rate constants were determined by two separate ways: manually choosing points of interest or by a computer model.

Mining And Understanding Regret Tweets, Lu Zhou

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Inappropriate tweets may cause severe damages on the authors' reputation or privacy. However, many users do not realize until publishing them after a while. Once published, such tweets have lasting effects that may not be completely eliminated by simple deletion, because other users may have read them or third-party tweet analysis platforms have cached them. In this paper, we study the problem of identifying regret tweets for normal individual users, with the ultimate goal to reduce the occurrences of regret tweets. We develop a machine learning approach to extract a large collection of regret tweets from noisy deleted tweets. We …

Amyna: A Security Generator And Performance Estimator Framework Against Memory-Based Attacks, Anna Trikalinou

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As we become more and more dependent on computer networks, using them for everything from banking and investing to shopping and communicating, computer security has emerged to be an increasingly important concern, due to undesirable cyber-security attacks. Thus, in response to this issue many efforts have been made towards accurate and robust computer security protection; however, the general problem is very challenging, diverse and ever-changing and remains still open. In this PhD dissertation we offer protection on one of these cyber-security attacks, the memory-based attacks, caused by one of the most critical software errors according to the MITRE ranking. When …

A Context-Driven Subgraph Model For Literature-Based Discovery, Delroy Huborn Cameron

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Literature-Based Discovery (LBD) refers to the process of uncovering hidden connections that are implicit in scientific literature. Numerous hypotheses have been generated from scientific literature using the LBD paradigm, which influenced innovations in diagnosis, treatment, preventions and overall public health. However, much of the existing research on discovering hidden connections among concepts have used distributional statistics and graph-theoretic measures to capture implicit associations. Such metrics do not explicitly capture the semantics of hidden connections. Rather, they only allude to the existence of meaningful underlying associations. To gain in-depth insights into the meaning of hidden (and other) connections, complementary methods have …

Seismic Attributes Of The Clinton Interval Reservoir In The Dominion East Ohio Gabor Gas Storage Field Near North Canton, Ohio, Dominique Miguel Haneberg-Diggs

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Wright State University acquired two vibroseis-sourced seismic reflection lines over the Dominion East Ohio Gabor Gas Storage field near Canton, Ohio. The data were gathered over a fully charged reservoir within the Clinton interval. Seismic attributes were applied to the seismic data for interpretation. The seismic response of nearby wells was modeled for comparison with the seismic lines. Within the seismic data a gas shadow was observed. The gas shadow coincides with an area of high initial production of wells targeting the Clinton interval for production. The gas shadow is also associated with broadening of the Packer Shell sidelobe. Modelling …

3-D Scene Reconstruction From Line Correspondences Between Multiple Views, Michael Linger

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Three-dimensional scene reconstruction from 2-D images has many applications, such as surveillance, mission planning, autonomous navigation systems, cartography, and target recognition. Of specific interest to this research is the reconstruction of urban scenes containing man-made structures, such as roads and buildings, to support the burgeoning surveillance industry. Using 3-D maps to augment existing mission planning cartography products (DTED/SRTM, CADRG, CIB), mission and event planners will be able to compute strategic line-of-sight coverage for threat avoidance or threat prosecution. Forensic video analysts can use these models to recreate crime scenes, while law enforcement can build flight plans to minimize occlusions from …

Glut 4 And Insulin Resistance, Salmin Ali

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Five types of glucose transporters stimulate the transport of glucose from the bloodstream into cells such as muscle cells and adipocytes in response to insulin signaling or exercise. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are the main sites for glucose uptake and dispose in insulin action dependent pathway. In non-insulin stimulated condition, the GLUT4 storage vesicles stay away from the plasma membrane, so there is no GLUT4 translocation or GLUT4 mediated glucose uptake. However, in insulin stimulated state, insulin initiates insulin signaling cascade which results in rapid GLUT4 translocation and increased glucose uptake at the cell surface. Failure of the translocation …

Why The Data Train Needs Semantic Rails, Krzysztof Janowicz, Frank Van Harmelen, James A. Hendler, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

While catchphrases such as big data, smart data, data intensive science, or smart dust highlight different aspects, they share a common theme: Namely, a shift towards a data-centric perspective in which the synthesis and analysis of data at an ever-increasing spatial, temporal, and thematic resolution promises new insights, while, at the same time, reducing the need for strong domain theories as starting points. In terms of the envisioned methodologies, those catchphrases tend to emphasize the role of predictive analytics, i.e., statistical techniques including data mining and machine learning, as well as supercomputing. Interestingly, however, while this perspective takes the availability …

Differentiation Of U-937 Monocytes To Macrophage-Like Cells Polarized Into M1 Or M2 Phenotypes According To Their Specific Environment: A Study Of Morphology, Cell Viability, And Cd Markers Of An In Vitro Model Of Human Macrophages, Fatma Husien S. Abdulhadi

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In this study, the human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cell line U-937 was used as an in vitro model for monitoring monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Phorbol 12- myristate (13) (PMA) was used to activate U-937 cells into macrophage-like cells (M0). After 24 hours of PMA treatment, non- adherent U-937 cells became tightly adherent to the culture plates forming M0 cells. M0 cells were then polarized into the M1 macrophage phenotype by treatment with LPS and IFN-γ for another 24 hours. Each of the cytokines IL-4, IL-13, or IL-10 was applied separately to three M0 cultures for 24 hours to induce the M2 macrophage …

Multi-Peak Solutions To Two Types Of Free Boundary Problems, Yi Li, Shuangjie Peng

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

We consider the existence of multi-peak solutions to two types of free boundary problems arising in confined plasma and steady vortex pair under conditions on the nonlinearity we believe to be almost optimal. Our results show that the “core” of the solution has multiple connected components, whose boundary called free boundary of the problems consists approximately of spheres which shrink to distinct single points as the parameter tends to zero.

Computational Design And Characterization Of Silicene Nanostructures For Electrical And Thermal Transport Applications, Tim H. Osborn

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Novel silicene-based nanomaterials are designed and characterized by first principle computer simulations to assess the effects of adsorptions and defects on stability, electronic, and thermal properties. To explore quantum thermal transport in nanostructures a general purpose code based on Green's function formalism is developed.

Specifically, we explore the energetics, temperature dependent dynamics, phonon frequencies, and electronic structure associated with lithium chemisorption on silicene. Our results predict the stability of completely lithiated silicene sheets (silicel) in which lithium atoms adsorb on the atom-down sites on both sides of the silicene sheet. Upon complete lithiation, the band structure of silicene is transformed …

Thin Film Growth Of Dielectric Materials By Pulsed Laser Deposition, Jason Christopher Anders

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Thin films of Sr_yCa_1-yZr_1-xTi_xO₃ (SCZT) with x = 0.8, y = 0.01, CaHf_1-xTi_xO₃ (CHT) with x = 0.8, and _xBiScO₃ - (1-x) BaTiO₃ with x = 0.36 (BSBT(36/64)) showing a high permittivity are useful both in capacitor applications. These dielectric thin films with a SrRuO₃ (SRO) conductive bottom electrodes were prepared by using pulsed laser deposition on <100< La_0.3Sr_0.7Al_0.65Ta_0.35O₃ (LSAT) single crystal substrates. In a search of optimal conditions to achieve epitaxially grown SCZT, CHT, …

Effect Of Rivers On Groundwater Temperature In Heterogeneous Buried-Valley Aquifers: Extent, Attenuation, And Phase Lag Of Seasonal Variation, Nathan Lee Young

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The temperature of groundwater in aquifers is relatively stable when compared to the water temperature in surface-water bodies. However, in aquifers that are hydraulically connected to rivers that have water flux into the aquifer, the local aquifer temperature can show seasonal variation. This project focused on the thermally-altered, near-river zone of such an aquifer, and used numerical methods to examine the extent of seasonal variation in temperature into the aquifer, and the attenuation and phase shift of the signal with distance from the river. The results show that the extent of alteration by diffusive heat flow is negligible compared to …

Binding And Entry Mechanisms Of Adenovirus In Polarized Epithelial Cells, Trisha Lynn Brockman

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Adenovirus's primary receptor, the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), has two transmembrane isoforms with differential localization within polarized epithelial cells (CAREx7 (basolateral), CAREx8 (apical)). I hypothesized that each isoform of CAR is degraded at different rates and is regulated by Src-family kinases. Increasing or decreasing the concentration of CAR is predicted to directly alter adenoviral entry. To test this hypothesis, inducible Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell lines either expressing CAREx7, CAREx8, or mCherry, under a doxycycline-inducible promoter were used in pulse-chase structured experiments to calculate the half-lives of these proteins. Alternatively, a polarized model lung epithelium (CaLu-3) treated with …

Investigating Dna Barcoding Potentials And Genetic Structure In Ozobranchus Spp. From Atlantic And Pacific Ocean Sea Turtles, Triet Minh Truong

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The Ozobranchidae family is the smallest and least studied hirudinean taxon. Our research includes the largest molecular dataset yet reported for marine ozobranchids (Ozobranchus margoi and Ozobranchus branchiatus) with the most number of documented turtle hosts (57) from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans to date of any marine turtle epibiont study. Turtle species sampled in this study include loggerheads (Caretta caretta), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), and green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear ribosomal (18S and 28S) genes all support the monophyly of marine Ozobranchidae leeches with speciation occurring over an extensive period …

Modern Statistical Methods And Uncertainty Quantification For Evaluating Reliability Of Nondestructive Evaluation Systems, Jeremy Scott Knopp

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The reliability of Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) is an important input for risk analysis for sustainment of aging infrastructure. Reliability has typically been quantified via probability of detection (POD) studies. There are three problems with POD modeling methodologies provided in the most recent guidance on the subject:

1) Current models do not estimate the extremes of a POD curve very well because of the assumption that the POD curve approaches zero as flaw size goes to zero, and the POD curve approaches one as the flaw size goes to infinity.

2) The existing 2-parameter logit/probit models can be misused since there …

On The Spectra Of Momentum Operators, Cody Edward Watson

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The selfadjoint momentum operators acting in two intervals are parametrized by the unitary two-by-two matrices. Fixing a parametrization of the unitary two- by-two matrices we study how the spectra of the selfadjoint momentum operators depends on these parameters as well as on the lengths of the two intervals.

Destruction Of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons By Zero-Valent Zinc And Bimetallic Zinc Reductants In Bench-Scale Investigations, Christopher Scott Cushman

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Many remediation technologies have been developed to treat extensive subsurface contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs). One such technology is a permeable reactive barrier (PRB), which contains reactive media that acts as an electron donor in order to reduce CHCs. Extensive effort has been placed on finding the most suitable reactive media in PRBs, with zero-valent iron (ZVI) being the most commonly utilized media. However, zero-valent zinc (ZVZ) is a promising replacement for ZVI in PRBs as it will more readily donate electrons, resulting in more rapid degradation of CHCs. In addition, amending a secondary/catalytic metal to primary metal surface can …

A New Proof For A Result Of Kingan And Lemos, Jesse Williams

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The prism graph is the planar dual of K5\e. Kingan and Lemos proved a decomposition theorem for the class of binary matroids with no prism minor. In this paper, we present a different proof using fundamental graphs and blocking sequences.

Socs1/Socs3 Expression And Virus Replication Of Denv2 And Hsv-1 In Cytokine-Polarized Subsets Of Raw 264.7 Macrophages, Nagarjuna Reddy Cheemarla

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Cytokine activation of macrophages leads to "macrophage polarizatio" The M1 subset is polarized by exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and M2 polarized cells develop after exposure to interleukin-4 (IL-4) or IL-13. In this study, the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line was used to study the effect herpes simplex virus-Type I (HSV-1) and Dengue virus serotype-2 (DENV2) infections have on cultures of unpolarized (M0) or polarized subsets. The macrophage subsets were characterized using cluster of differentiation markers CD14 and CD86. Uninfected M1 macrophages showed up regulation in expression of the co-stimulatory factor B7.2 (CD86) compared to expression by …