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Reading Horizons Vol. 21, No. 4

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Complete issue of Reading Horizons volume 21, issue 4.

Flexibility: A Key Element For Reading And Study Skills Specialists, Mark E. Thompson

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The term flexibility is difficult to define. A person's definition of flexibility, like many other concepts, depends on a particular orientation or perspective of the world. If flexibility means adapting to change, then most people are flexible in some way. Through science we have developed technology, and our technology forces us to be flexible. About 97% of all the scientists who have ever lived are alive now, and they produce many changes (Toynbee, 1971). Our knowledge of the world is expanding at an incredible speed. Fourteen years ago George Arnstein said our scientific knowledge doubles approximately every eight years (Arnstein, …

Does The Teacher's Attitude Toward Reading Affect The Attitude Toward Reading Held By The Students?, Mary Jane Gray

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

It has been pointed out that the teacher of reading, while continuing to be regarded as a most significant influence on reading progress, continues to be a relatively neglected research variable (Schofield and Start, 1977).

An Attitude Survey Of Uninterrupted Sustained Silent Reading, Honey Halpern

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Uninterrupted Sustained Silent Reading, more usually referred to as U.S.S.R., was introduced by Lyman J. Hunt of the University of Vermont in the early sixties. Since that time reports indicate that many elementary and secondary schools in the United States and Canada have installed USSR into their timetables (Jones,1978; Mork,1972; Petre, 1971). There is an abundance of literature describing in general terms this program of silent reading of a self selected book (Allington,1975; Carner,1969; Ganz & Theofield, 1974; McCracken,1971; Noland,1976; Oliver,1970). More recently authors have suggested detailed methods of organizing a classroom in order to maintain a USSR program (Gambreil,1978; …

Article Index

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Index to articles in volume 21.

Author Index

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Index to authors in volume 21.

Guest Editorial, Joyce Hamrick

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

A letter from the guest editor.

Implications Of Piagetian Theory For Correlating Art And Reading, Barbara C. Palmer, Nancy A. Frederick, Lawrence E. Hafner

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Piaget tells us that we know something to the extent that we act on it. Because art facilitates the right kinds of action for knowing, or learning, correlating art and reading may well be the vehicle to growth in and enjoyment of communication skills. Therefore, art not only contributes to reading development but also contributes to both the cognitive and the affective development needed for success in all academic areas.

Diagnostic Performance-Based Assessmentl: A Tool For The Kindergarten And Primary Grade Teacher, Rona R. Flippo

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Most elementary educators agree that assessment is a necessary preparation for instructional planning. Teachers can use one of several standardized instruments or an informal reading inventory to assess the abilities of their reading students. A problem occurs for the teacher of non-readers or the teacher of beginning readers. These students cannot be assessed with instruments requiring reading ability. They need to be evaluated with instruments that sample their ability to perform with psycho-motor, auditory, oral, and visual skill areas. These areas are the foundation of beginning reading instruction and should be measured and evaluated prior to instructional planning for each …

Let Them Read The Book, Patricia M. Cunningham

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

It is a September morning in a first grade classroom in Anywhere, USA. The boys and girls come into the room, excited and eager. This is the day, their teacher has announced, when they will begin their first book. For several weeks now the boys and girls have been in readiness. They have learned letter names and beginning associations for consonant letters and their sounds. They have learned that reading goes from left to right and top to bottom. They have matched letters and words. They are now ready to read.

Disabled Women: Sexism Without The Pedestal, Michelle Fine, Adrienne Asch

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The position of the disabled woman in current U.S. society deserves political, theoretical and empirical attention. In this paper we have delineated the economic, social and psychological constraints which place her at a distinct disadvantage, relative to disabled men and nondisabled women. We evaluate the ways in which having a disability is viewed as an impediment to traditional or nontraditional sex role development. The construct rolelessness is introduced, defined and examined. We conclude with reconmiendations for needed research and policy.

Women And Chronic Renal Failure: Some Neglected Issues, Nancy G. Kutner, Heather L. Gray

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

It has been assumed until recently that chronic renal failure is more prevalent among men than among women, but data now indicate that at least half of all renal patients are women. The literature continues to focus on adjustment problems of male patients, especially sexual adjustment and job-loss problems, and to assume that women can adjust more easily because of their ability to maintain the homemaker role. However, women patients whose work status is that of homemaker are found to have the highest depression scores, and job loss results in low satisfaction for those who have held meaningful outside jobs. …

Multiple Minority Groups: A Case Study Of Physically Disabled Women, Mary Jo Deegan

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

In general, disfranchised Americans are becoming increasingly aware of their social restrictions and limitations on opportunities. As a result there are now minority groups who have identified their shared problems only within the last twenty years,and these groups are rapidly changing the nature of minority relations. In particular, people with newly defined multiple minority statuses are beginning to articulate their specialized interests and establish new relations with both the dominant majority and the minority groups to which they belong.

Physically disabled women are one such group. As women and as disabled people, they are members of two separate minority groups. …

Women And Disability: The Double Handicap, Nancy Brooks, Mary Jo Deegan

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

During the 1970's a social movement arose to address the concerns of people with disabilities. Action groups pressed for reforms in architectural barriers, educational and employment opportunities, deinstitutionalization, and legal protection of civil rights. Although accurate demographic information is lacking, estimates indicate that approximately one in ten Americans has a disability or chronic disease and would be affected by the changes brought about by the disability movement. These people experience serious limitations in major activities such as housework, employment, or education. Yet external restrictions imposed by negative attitudes impose greater handicaps by preventing full social participation of this stigmatized group. …

Social Justice And Rationing Social Services, Claudia J. Coulton, Marvin Rosenberg

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper discusses the ethical implications of different mechanisms used by social agencies to ration scarce social services. Mechanisms such as "queing," "creaming," and "triage" are discussed from the perspective of two theories of social justice; i.e., John S. Mill and John Rawls. The purpose of the paper is to encourage more explicit examination of the assumptions that underlie the distribution of social services. It is the authors' contention that the present decision making process is almost entirely based on intuition, political expedience, and tradition, and that systematic ethical analysis would give stronger justification to rationing decisions.

The Self Disclosure Of Clinical Social Workers, Herman Borenzweig

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

My interest in this study arose from what I believed to be the discrepancy between the conventional wisdom about self disclosure and its occurrence in the practice of clinical social work. Bradmiller'sI study, one of the few studies about self disclosure in the practice of social work, found that persons with masters degrees in social work (MSW's) disclose significantly more to their colleagues than do undergraduate social work majors. The MSW's in Bradmiller's study self disclosed to clients at a lesser rate than they did to other target persons. Bradmiller2 interprets her study, " ...... most simply as an indication …

Child Abuse In A Small City: Social Psychological And Ecological Correlates, Robert D. Gingrich, James R. Hudson

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Child abuse has become a growing national concern. Its current status can be linked to the research by Kempe who identified the "battered child syndrome". Two models of explanation have been advanced; a medical and a social psychological. This study of 134 cases of child abuse in a small city employes the social psychological model and tests the hypothesis that social isolation is correlated with child abuse. Support for that hypothesis leads to an elaboration of the dynamics of social isolation with an emphasis on the absence of other persons with children from the milieu of the child abuse perpetrator …

Direct Instruction Versus Incidental Learning Of Reading Vocabulary, Patrick Groff

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Advice to teachers that the direct teaching of reading vocabulary to children is an inferior procedure for gaining this linguistic goal is still circulating. It is easy to find recent statements from reading authorities that are intended to substantiate the belief that extensive reading will develop children's vocabulary better than direct instruction. For example, Smith ( 1978 ) maintains "The best way to acquire a large and useful vocabulary for reading is by meaningful reading" (p. 168). Johnson and Pearson (1978) would not apply this rule at the very beginning stage of reading instruction, but would put it into force …

The Invisible Isolation Of Deaf Women: Its Effect On Social Awareness, Gaylene Becker, Joanne Jauregui

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The place of deaf women in relation to society is discussed, and the formative experiences that shape their personal development are described. Deaf women's needs are delineated, and suggestions are made for providers to meet these needs.

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 8, No. 2 (July 1981)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION: Women and Disability: The Double Handicap - NANCY BROOKS & MARY JO DEEGAN
• Disabled Women: Sexism Without the Pedestal (#4) - MICHELLE FINE & ADRIENNE ASCH
• The Invisible Isolation of Deaf Women: Its Effect on Social Awareness - GAYLENE BECKER & JOANNE JAUS EGUI
• Assertiveness Training for Women with Visual Impairments - CYNTHIA KOLB
• Multiple Minority Groups: A Case Study of Physically Disabled Women - MARY JO DEEGAN
• Benefits for the Disabled: How Beneficial for Women? - ELIZABETH A. KUTZA
• Women and Chronic Renal Failure: Some Neglected Issues - NANCY G. KUTNER & HEATHER L. GRAY …

Assertiveness Training For Women With Visual Impairments, Cynthia Kolb

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

An assertiveness support group was designed for five women with visual impairments who were attending college. The purpose of the group was to apply concepts underlying assertive behaviors (Phelps & Austin, 1975) to effectively managing psycho-social factors related to adjustment to a disability (Wright, 1960; Donaldson, 1980). Issues such as developing assertive responses other than eye contact, defining a sense of personal power in handling dependency related to the presence of an impairment and identifying strategies for dealing with the stereotypes of others were discussed. Although no formal measurements of the group's effectiveness were made, verbal feedback from participants at …

Benefits For The Disabled: How Beneficial For Women?, Elizabeth Ann Kutza

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The social and economic consequence of disability is of increasing interest in American society today. The numbers of persons reporting disabling conditions is rising, as is the number of persons qualifying for public disability benefits. This article examines the impact of current United States disability policy on disabled women, and concludes that the major programs - disability insurance, supplemental security income, workers' compensation, vocational rehabilitation - because of their relationship to labor market participation, disadvantage women. Women not only receive fewer, but less generous benefits. Explanations of this outcome, and implications for future policy are addressed.

A Peer Counseling Training Program For Disabled Women: A Tool For Social And Individual Change, Marsha Saxton

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This article presents a description of a successful peer counseling training program for disabled women, offered in a community-based self help organization. The program provides both training in peer counseling skills, and a personal growth experience. It was carried out in a group context specifically designed for the needs of women with disabilities. The counseling approach, the training format and curriculum, and the evaluation procedures can all serve as a basis for agencies interested in developing similar programs.

Toward A Model Of Factors Influencing The Hiring Of Women With A History Of Breast Cancer, Nancy Mccharen, Jo Anne L. Earp

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Whether surgical treatment for cancer which results in the removal of an external part of the body is viewed by employers as a medical disability that interferes with the performance of job-related functions, or fits a more stereotypic definition of a physical handicap that might even prevent an employee from being hired, has not been adequately studied. To identify factors which influence employers' decisions to hire women who have had breast cancer, a model of factors influencing the decision to hire was developed. A random sample of personnel directors from an industrialized North Carolina county was surveyed. A majority had …

Like Other Women: Perspectives Of Mothers With Physical Disabilities, Susan Shaul, Pamela Dowling, Bernice F. Laden

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This article is based on interviews with ten women, ranging in age from 19 to 45 and living in the Puget Sound area of Washington State. Their disabilities are neurmuscular or musculoskeletal and include spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, post-polio and spina bifida. Their children range in age from 11 months to adulthood. The article focuses on specific issues and concerns regarding early childhood ranagement, and includes some discussion of pre-natal and cbstetrical care. Cann misconceptions concerning motherhood and disability are also discussed. men with disabilities also have special concerns as parents. Although their concerns are not addressed in this …

A Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Marital Abuse, Suzanne K. Steinmetz

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

A brief history of marital violence and statistics from recent studies are presented. Marital abuse data from six societies: United States; Canada; Finland; Israel, with city and Kibbutz sub-samples; Puerto Rico; and Belize (British Honduras) with sub-samples of Spanish speaking, Creoles and Caribs are compared. In general, similarities were found between political/civil profiles of violence and marital violence score within each society. The percentage of husbands and wives using abuse was also similar for each society. The major exception was Puerto Rico, where almost twice as many husbands were reported to have been violent. The percentage of husbands and wives …

Western News, June 22, 1981, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Board approves increases in tuition and fees; effective this fall, Brown appointed Public Safety captain, Inflation causes student health fee hike, Grants of $222,550, gifts of $198,542 are received in May

Wmu Board Of Trustees Regular Meeting June 19, 1981, Wmu Board Of Trustees

WMU Board of Trustees Meetings

• Acceptance of the Agenda
• Minutes
• Correspondence
• President's Remarks
• Academic Personnel Report
• Non-Academic Personnel Report
• Gift and Grant Report
• Western Michigan University Board of Trustees Meeting Dates for 1981/82
• Student Vehicle Registration Rates
• Amendment to the Parking, Traffic and Pedestrian Ordinance
• Resolution re Continuation of Budget for 1981/82
• Revision of 1980/81 Budget
• Resolution re Building Maintenance and Repair Projects
• Student Health Maintenance Fee
• Increase in User Fees for Health Center
• Tuition Rates
• Bronco Transit Rates
• Revision to Fine Arts Building Lease
• Mission Statement
• Archives Report
• Public Comments
• Adjournment

Western News, June 18, 1981, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Priorities Project calls for advisory opinions; deadline is July 15, Jogging pioneer to address fitness meeting, Malaysian students coming for sport meet, Libraries and Student Center announce plans for reduced hours between spring; summer

Western News, June 11, 1981, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Helwegs' one year research project in India awarded Smithsonian grant, Bernhard; Rothstein appeal to congressmen, Gary Fund drive had 'victory dinner' Monday, Kalamazoo Symphony and University to offer opera course; will form chorus for 'Tosca', Sanders is touring with Scottish orchestra, Solar heating textbook written by Schubert