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The Effects Of Alum At Different Ph Levels On Asa Sizing, James A. Farrand

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) is a cellulose reactive size used in neutral to alkaline sizing. ASA is emulsified in cationic starch to help retain the ASA on the fiber and to protect the ASA from hydrolysis. The stability of the ASA emulsion is largely dependent upon temperature, pH, and shear.

While one of the advantages of alkaline papermaking is the elimination of aluminium from the process water, the addition of small amounts of alum has proven beneficial to some mills running ASA size. The advantages claimed by using alum are: improved sizing, improved retention, and improved runnability.

The aluminum species …

The Black Child, His Dialect, And His Reading, William S. O'Brube

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The language of the black child, his dialect, has for years been a drawback for the school age child. The child who speaks a black dialect has come a long way in learning "his" language and perhaps feels he has mastered it rather well. But when he enters school, he often discovers that his language is unacceptable at best and openly rejected at worst. If his language is not rejected, it is rarely if ever drawn upon and utilized in the materials and learning activities of the school.

Historically, black children have been required to read, or attempt to read, …

Reading Horizons Vol. 26, No. 3

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Complete issue of Reading Horizons volume 26, issue 3.

Teaching Guides From The First Learning Environment, Marietta Peskin

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Given intact psycho-neurologic and perceptual systems, all children from birth to school entrance are successful language users. For many, however, failure begins during their initial exposure to reading instruction in kindergarten. This paper will examine how the application of certain learning principles in the young child's home foster successful learning while ignoring those same principles in the schools allows or fosters failure.

The major purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how these guides from the first learning environment, the home, can be better implemented in the schools so that reading problems can be prevented or ameliorated in a more …

Dual-Purpose Activity Versus Single-Purpose Activity In An Institutionalized Geriatric Population, Rita M. Yoder

Masters Theses

The use of purposeful, goal-directed activity has traditionally been a central theme for occupational therapy. In dual-purpose activity the participant has two goals: successful task completion and the making of adaptive responses in the activity process. This study compares the extent to which a dual-purpose activity (stirring for the purpose of exercise and baking cookies) enhances performance in contrast to a single-purpose activity (stirring for the purpose of exercise alone) in an institutionalized geriatric population.

Thirty women between 70 and 92 years of age were randomly assigned to either the single- or dual-purpose activity. Duration, exertion, and discontinuities were measured …

Predictable Books Guarantee Success, Judy Chandler, Marcia Baghban

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The structure of the materials that readers encounter and the abilities and experiences readers bring to the act of reading affect the ease with which they comprehend the text. Good readers who are not lawyers or accountants will be slowed down, if not completely perplexed, by their first law briefs or tax forms. Conversely, those students who are In 167 trouble with reading should benefit from texts whose structure and story line are obvious to them.

To test this last assumption, one group of students using their basal reader and another group of students using predictable books in a reading …

Word Cluster: A Strategy For Synonym Development, Bonnie Higginson, Peggy Phelan

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

A cluster is defined as "a small, close group." Word Clusters are groups of words sharing the same global concept. For example, house, cabin, mansion, and shack are similar in that they are all forms of shelter. However, there are distinct differences that must be distinguished by students to facilitate understanding of the impact of their words in various contexts.

Elementary Teachers Of Reading As Models, Mary Jane Gray, Anne Troy

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The teacher at all levels should devote his/her efforts to leading students into the other worlds that can be found in the pages of books. Whether these are make believe worlds found in fantasy or the real worlds of science, geography, history, etc., each reader needs to become acquainted with the elements of all possible worlds. How is this to be accomplished?

Confidence Helps Build Competence, Bobbye S. Goldstein

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Parents, teachers and others who work with youngsters are realizing more and more that how we teach them is affected by how we reach them.

The Influences Of Anticipation On Readers' Response To A Basal Short Story, Ronda Dean, Joanne Vacca, Richard Vacca

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Many advances have occurred in the field of reading in the past ten years, not only in theories of the reading process but also in views of how readers comprehend texts (Vacca & Vacca, 1983). We predict that the major thrust of reading research in the next decade will shift from issues concerning the reading process to questions dealing with instruction and reading development.

The Michigan Intermediate School District Superintendent: A Unique Job Role, Lanny Ray Johnston

Masters Theses

One of the job roles in Michigan's system of public education is that of the Intermediate School District Superintendent. However, the definition of this job role and the skills required to function in it are unclear for those striving to attain an intermediate school district superintendency. This lack of clarity in the areas of interpersonal, conceptual, and technical skills, makes career planning difficult. In an effort to improve this situation, this intern elected to investigate the role of the intermediate superintendent as a public school, high management/leadership/administrative position.

The outcome of this investigation includes: (a) a clearer perspective of the …

New Directions Within Applied Anthropology, Eleanor Mary Dominek

Masters Theses

This study explores the relationship between applied anthropological research and traditional anthropological research in terms of structural and methodological differences. The methods and techniques of Social Impact Assessment, as practiced in North America, and of international development anthropology are also compared. It is found that different kinds of applied anthropology modify methods and techniques (a) to meet the specific needs of supporting research institutions, (b) in response to the unique nature of individual applied problems, and (c) in order to create a type of research product which is very different from that of basic research.

When Gallantry Was Commonplace: A History Of The Michigan Eleventh Volunteer Infantry January 1863 To September 1864, Leland W. Thornton

Masters Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to trace the role of the Michigan Eleventh Volunteer Infantry in the last eighteen months of its enlistment during the American Civil War. During this period the regiment was engaged at Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, and in the Atlanta campaign.

An extensive search was made through the existing primary sources. During this search much new information was discovered and used to evaluate the role of this forgotten but gallant regiment.

Perception Of Effectiveness As A Factor In Schedule Management System Usage In Industries Involved In Department Of Defense Development Programs, Lyle Adelbert Wolcott

Dissertations

The extent to which a schedule management system is used in day-to-day program management operations may depend upon how useful the individual manager perceives the system to be. This study attempts to identify system-manager relationships that impact their usage by management personnel.

The study had two purposes. The first objective was to isolate attributes of the company schedule system and determine the significance of their relationship with manager opinion of the system. The second objective of the study was to investigate selected operational conditions that may impact the schedule management system and determine the significance of their relationship with manager …

School Consolidation As Viewed By Michigan Public School Superintendents, Dennis Owen Mcmahon

Dissertations

This study was conducted to determine the attitudes and opinions of Michigan public school superintendents toward school consolidation.

Data analysis provided an accurate description of the K-12 public school superintendent's attitudes regarding school consolidation and demographic information relative to selected characteristics of the respondents and their districts.

The population for this study was all 529 K-12 Michigan public school superintendents. The sample size determined was 106. Of the 106 superintendents selected 103 or (97%) participated in the study.

The research instrument, a questionnaire of 25 questions was administered by telephone by the researcher.

The analysis provided: (a) a description and …

Calculations For The Excitation Of High Spin Natural Parity States In Hypernuclei Via (Π+, K+), Yizhang Ho

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Strain Differences And Mutagen Treatment Influence Lectin Binding To Mouse Germ Cells, Marilyn Schmalz Holm

Masters Theses

Carbohydrate moieties on mouse germ cell surfaces were characterized by investigating the binding of FITC-labeled lectins to sperm and testis cells. Differences in lectin binding between different mouse strains, including T/t mice, were found. However, there was no evidence for the involvement of sialic acid or L-fucose in the T/t locus antigens. Antiserum to the t⁰, t⁶ haplotype was equally reactive to both ICR and T/t mouse testis cells in both immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity assays. Trypsinization of testis cells increased binding of soybean agglutinin and decreased binding of wheat germ agglutinin.

A method was developed for flow …

A Motivational Strategy For Teaching Locational Skills: The Name Game, Sharon J. Crawley

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Locating places is of great importance in our daily lives. Because it is crucial, we teach students map locational skills. Yet, merely asking students to locate the name of a city, mountain or river becomes quite boring if done without interest and variety.

Microscopic Optical Potentials, Michael R. Sloothaak

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Prehistoric Firewood Exploitation: A Case Study From The Carolinian Biotic Province, David Gordon De Fant

Masters Theses

A case study approach is applied to the problem of prehistoric firewood selection and utilization within a heterogeneous woodland environment. Prefaced by an indepth survey of theoretical and methodological approaches relevant to understanding resource exploitation, a wood charcoal analysis of the Schwerdt site (20AE127) is presented. This analysis is then discussed in regard to environmental, preservational, and functional contexts. It is suggested that this wood charcoal assemblage represents a subtle yet pervasive pattern of firewood selectivity operating within the overt bounds of expedient procurement.

An Investigation Of The Effect Of Daily Tests On The Retention Of Knowledge Of Malaysian Students In The Re-Orientation Program, Rokiah Mohamed

Masters Theses

Seventy Malaysian students participated in the 7-day Re-Orientation Program and were divided into two groups; 20 students were in Group 1, the group that took the daily tests and 50 students were in Group 2, the group that took the final examination only. The results of the final examination revealed a significant difference between the two groups, t (68) = 5.895, p< .05. The means of Groups 1 and 2 were 30.75 and 24.26 respectively. The correlations between the scores of the daily tests and the final examination scores were also statistically significant at p< .05 where n = 20. A post hoc analysis was done to further support the data. It is suggested that further research can be done using knowledge tests in programs that run for longer periods of time to improve students' retention of knowledge.

The Effects Of Acid Precipitation On Two Lakes In Southwestern Michigan, Fardin Olyaei

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which acid precipitation contributes acidity and heavy metals to lake environments. Asylum and Bonnie Castle Lakes, both located in the western portion of Kalamazoo County, served as the study sites. Precipitation samples were also taken at a site close to both lakes. Using the Hach Colorimeter, a preliminary study was undertaken to determine concentrations of the major cations (H('+), NH(,4)('+), K('+) and Ca('2+)), and major anions (NO(,3)('-), SO(,4)('2-), and PO(,4)('3-)). The main study dealt with the metal concentrations (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in rain/snow water, lakewaters, sediment, …

An Exploration Of Worker Participation-Ownership As A Social Process: Toe Impact Of Worker Participation On Occupational Injury Rates, Daryl Kelley

Dissertations

Work is an everyday activity which is a normal part of life. A sociological analysis combined with a historical orientation allows for an examination which goes beyond surface appearances in order to examine the social relationships embedded in the organization of the labor process. An adverse manifestation of the social relationships contained in the labor process is occupational injuries.

The review of historical research explicates the social construction of the labor process which is an outcome of the struggle between capital and labor. Research also documents that the organization of work which emerged has created problems in the workplace. Worker …

A Study Of The Relationship Between Michigan Public School Principals' Perceptions Of Self-Actualization Needs And Their Perceptions Of Satisfaction With Their Job, James Mervyn Cambridge

Dissertations

This study investigated the relationship between perceptions of fulfillment of self-actualization needs and job satisfaction among Michigan public elementary and secondary school principals. The general conceptual hypothesis was stated: "There is a positive relationship between public school principals' perceptions of how well their needs of self-actualization are being met and their perceptions of satisfaction with their job." Eight of the study hypotheses subdivided the population by dichotomies according to gender, age, length of experience as principal, and level of school administered. Four hypotheses tested for significant differences in correlation coefficients between dichotomy halves.

The population that was studied consisted of …

A Preferred Interpersonal Leadership Style: Perceived By A Chief Board Officer As Compared To A Chief Executive Officer In A Hospital Setting, Nelson Alward

Dissertations

This study investigated the relationship of preferred interpersonal leadership style of chief board officers (CBOs) as compared to chief executive officers (CEOs) in hospital settings. Futher, the study explored the comparison of preferred interpersonal leadership styles of CEOs in selected areas of position, size of facility, age of the individual, years of experience, and time of last formal education degree. One hundred participants, 50 CEOs and 50 CBOs of hospitals, were surveyed in the study.

The interpersonal leadership style was identified using the four quadrant approach of leadership as reflected by Blake and Mouton (1964), Reddin (1980), and Hersey and …

Comparing Three Ways Of Obtaining Exercise Adherence, Maria Sonia Acosta

Masters Theses

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various incentives, including course bonus points, social reinforcement, and partner assignment to encourage exercise among college students. Participants were assigned to one of three groups. Members of the structured group exercised at a specific time and location, members of the partner group exercised with a companion determined to be their best match, and members of the individual group exercised on their own. In addition to a maximum of five bonus points, members of the structured group received social praise in terms of verbal statements such as "I'm glad …

Comparison Of Individual Vs. Group Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training On State And Trait Anxiety, Janet L. Niefert

Masters Theses

This study investigated the relative effects of group and individually administered progressive muscle relaxation on the reduction of state and trait anxiety. A six-week training program was conducted for 12 graduate and undergraduate volunteers. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Relaxation State Behavioral Checklist were administered prior to and immediately following training. A Subjective Stress Record was maintained daily for two weeks prior to training and for the s ix weeks of training. No decrease was found in trait anxiety scores after training. A significant decrease in state anxiety scores was found in both individually trained and group trained subjects. …

The Effects Of Reinforcement Magnitude On The Transfer Of Stimulus Control, L. Martin Grabijas

Masters Theses

Communication training for the developmentally disabled is becoming a vital component among residential training facilities. Such education necessarily entails the transfer of stimulus control from a prompt stimulus to a stimulus inherent in the task. The current study investigated the effects which different values of a reinforcer may have on the transfer of stimulus control. Three severely, mentally retarded adults were taught manual sign language, while two values of the reinforcer were varied according to two classes of response: preprompt and postprompt responding. A within subjects design was incorporated with a delayed prompting procedure in identifying the precise moment of …

The Relationship Of Selection Criteria To Success In A Graduate Psychology Program, Cheri R. Stein

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive validity of the Graduate Record Examination Aptitude Test (GRE) for the Department of Psychology at Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo. Subjects were 138 psychology doctoral students.

Predictor variables included in the research were GRE-Verbal (GRE-V), GRE-Quantitative (GRE-Q), GRE-Total (GRE-T), Miller's Analogy Test (MAT), and undergraduate grade point average (UGPA). Criterion measures were trichotomous faculty ratings and points earned in three psychology courses.

GRE-V, GRE-Q, GRE-T, and MAT were significantly correlated with faculty ratings (p< .001), and the GRE scores were also significantly related to points earned in classes. Results indicated that MAT scores added no predictive value over and above GRE scores. GRE-T correlations were consistently equal or greater in magnitude than GRE-V and GRE-Q correlation coefficients. It was suggested that GRE-T scores alone be used in selection, with a cut-off point of 1100.

The Relationship Between Marital Satisfaction And Jungian Psychological Type, Lawrence Brad Beer

Dissertations

Researchers investigating the relationship between marital satisfaction and psychological type have discovered indications of a clinically useful relationship. By further clarifying the relationship between these two variables, guidelines may be established which can be helpful to counselors conducting marital therapy and marital enrichment programs. A secondary purpose of the investigation was to assess the relationship between selected demographic variables and marital satisfaction.

Married subjects were randomly selected from two groups--La Maz class participants and students from a local community college. Subjects responded to three self-report instruments--the Marital Satisfaction Inventory (MSI), the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), and a Personal Information Questionnaire …