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The Westerner Vol. 11 No. 2, Western Michigan University

The Westerner (1980-1997)

• Carl, Winifred Lee guests of 'honor' at dedication • Educating academically talented students has long history in United States • Generous donation by the Lees instrumental in making new honors facility possible • WMU ranked high in quality, value • Federal department awards $5.2 million grant to set up campus research center • Fall enrollment reaches record level for sixth time in six years • University News in Brief • Love Canal statistician lectures in Russia • Geologist's stint aboard international science ship helps unlock sea's secrets • Capital campaign raises $40 million toward $55 million goal • Kalamazoo …

An Analysis Of Chemithermomechanical Pulp (Ctmp) In The Production Of Rotogravure Paper, Christine L. Harrington

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

Current trends in the printing industry are shifting towards rotogravure printing processes. Today, rotogravure printing is responsible for 20% of the printing industry and is growing rapidly. The printing industry is moving towards rotogravure processes for high print quality for long run jobs.

The most commonly found examples of the rotogravure printing process are: "cheaper" catalogues, periodicals, tabloids, directories, newspaper inserts and the "Sunday supplement." Some of America's most popular magazines, for example, Reader's Digest, TV Guide, Better Homes and Gardens, Women's Day and many others are printed using rotogravure processes (1).

As the main supplier to the printing …

Non-Chlorine Bleaching Of Soda-Anthraquinone Pulp, Kevin D. Miller

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

The objective of this project is to apply the soda-anthraquinone pulping process and non-chlorine bleaching sequences in the formation of a pulp with market brightness levels. The bleaching sequences applied in this project will be evaluated from pulp brightness and brightness reversion. The non-chlorine bleaching sequences evaluated include the ODEP, ODED, and OPEP.

Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Of Ctmp To Optimize Brightness, Donald S. Kasik

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing bleaching agent that is utilized extensively in the pulp and paper industries to bleach cellulosic fibers to high brightness levels. The main advantage of hydrogen peroxide bleaching of mechanical pulps is the high yield. Peroxide used under mild alkaline conditions can significantly increase brightness 10-20 points by oxidizing lignin constituents without actual lignin degradation. Due to peroxides' inherent quality of lignin preservation, it is an excellent bleach for application to CTMP. This allows a high yield process like BCTMP to compete with kraft pulp in application to many grades of paper.

Peroxide is an expensive …

Geology Newsletter- 1990, Department Of Geology

Geological and Environmental Sciences News

Vol.1, No. 15

• Institute for Water Sciences
• Ground-Water Education in Michigan
• Core Research Lab
• Awards and Scholarships
• Geology/ Earth Science Club
• Faculty News
• News from the Service Staff
• 1990 Speakers Program
• Geology Development and Scholarship Donations
• Alumni/ Friends/ Former Faculty Notes
• Donations

The Role Of Modeling In Teacher Education Programs, Davida R. Schuman, Juliette Relihan

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Teacher education has come under scrutiny in the recent past because teacher educators are recognizing a gap between what they have traditionally taught in their classrooms, and what new teachers are doing in theirs. Somehow the messages about the effective ways to teach have not been getting through. The solution to the problems seems fairly simple. If beginning teachers are to be effective, they must have a model of the various instructional techniques which can be implemented. Teacher educators, then, must model these techniques in their education courses. In this way, the message clearly comes through, that what is modeled …

Modeling An Expository Text Structure Strategy In Think Alouds, Christine J. Gordon

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Several current notions used in combination can contribute to better teaching of comprehension of expository text. These include knowledge of text structure, strategic reading, and the think-aloud procedure. Knowledge of text structure is knowledge of the author's underlying organization of the ideas presented. The think-aloud procedure is suggested as the vehicle by which to demonstrate a strategic readers' use of text structure knowledge while reading. It's a "talk-as-you go" or "talk-as-you read" procedure. Strategies are defined as systematic plans that readers can use flexibly, adapting them to particular reading situations or contexts (Duffy and Roehler, 1987). Strategies are thus generalizable …

Reading Horizons Vol. 31, No. 2

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Complete Issue of Reading Horizons volume 31, issue 2.

Celebrate Poetry Through Creative Drama, Kathy Everts Danielson, Susan Crites Dauer

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Creative drama and poetry are often neglected, yet they are important aspects of a holistic approach to the language arts. Drama encourages children to use language for meaningful purposes by actively involving them and motivating them to read, write, listen, and speak. Poetry exposes children to expressive and descriptive language used in many creative forms. Poetry also involves children and motivates them to read and write poetry of their own.

What Kids Taught Us About Reading Instruction: Two Professors Return To The Classroom, Robert C. Cooter Jr., D. Ray Reutzel

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Two years ago we left the insulated environment of the university setting to return to the chaos and excitement of full time teaching in two first-grade classrooms. Our colleagues wondered why we felt this need, and the teachers in the schools where we were going were pleased, but skeptical, about our abilities to cope with the tumult of classroom teaching again. We often asked ourselves why were we embarking upon this bold, new adventure. After some contemplation of the question, we decided there were at least four good reasons for returning. First, we believed that we, like many professors, would …

Transitions In Reading Instruction: Handling Contradictions In Beliefs And Practice, Maureen Siera, Martha Combs

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Reconciling whole language philosophy with traditional classroom reading instruction requires redefining beliefs about reading processes that, for most of us, are deeply embedded in years of basal reading instruction. Such re defining has the potential of creating conflicts between curricular beliefs and instructional practices. Whole language and basal skills instruction, according to Goodman (1989), are contradictory and incompatible practices. In contrast, Hemysfeld (1989) suggests that it is appropriate to combine the best aspects of skills instruction and whole language into one approach. While contradictions may exist initially, perhaps such contradictions will resolve themselves as educators redefine professional beliefs.

Professional Materials, Marti Wegner

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Learning About Biographies: A Reading and Writing Approach for Children. Myra Zarnowski. 1990; Children's Books: Henry's Happy Birthday. Holly Keller. 1990; The New Illustrated Dinosaur Dictionary. Helen Roney Sattler. 1990; Mr. Hacker. James Stevenson. 1990; It Happens to Everyone. Bernice Myers. 1990. Children's Books Marketing. Reviewed by: Sherry Myers, Jeanne M. Jacobson, and Nancy Hood

Intracellular Degradation Of Ribosomes In A Mesophilic And A Thermophilic Species Of Bacillus, Joe William Davis

Dissertations

The rates of intracellular degradation of ribosomal proteins were compared in a mesophilic and a thermophilic species of Bacillus. Cells were grown under various incubation conditions in the presence of a 14^C-protein hydrolysate m order to label the ribosomes. Rates of ribosome degradation were evaluated in terms of changes in the specific activity of in vivo ribosomes as a function of incubation time. The results indicated that, under most conditions, ribosomes were degraded (in vivo) at similar rates in both the mesophile and the thermophile. In some studies, ribosome degradation rates were slightly faster for the thermophile than for the …

Within-Subject And Between-Subjects Evaluation Of The Effects Of Hallucinogenic Drugs In Pigeons Responding Under Two Variations Of A Fixed-Consecutive-Number Schedule, Rodney D. Clark

Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was twofold: To determine the effects of LSD (0.03 - 1.0 mg/kg), mescaline (0.3 - 5.6 mg/kg), and DMT (0.3 - 3.0 mg/kg) on the performance of pigeons under two variants on an FCN schedule and to determine whether these effects differed substantially as a result of experimental design (i.e., within subject or between-subjects). Under this schedule, food was delivered whenever subjects responded between eight and 12 times on one response key (work key), then responded once on a second key (reinforcement key). Under one version, (FCN-S^D), an external discriminative stimulus was correlated with …

Applying The Matching Law In A Sheltered Workshop, Kristin Elizabeth Skousgard

Masters Theses

This study assessed the validity of the matching law in an applied setting. It manipulated extraneous reinforcement and measured the rate of rocking in a 24-year-old developmentally disabled man. The resulting data were compared to that predicted by the matching law.

The results were important in three ways: (1) extraneous reinforcement systematically affected rocking in an applied setting in the manner predicted by the matching law, (2) a clinically undesirable behavior decreased in frequency, and (3) this decrease occurred in the absence of direct intervention on the target behavior. Thus, to a slight degree, scientific, practical and humanitarian goals were …

An Examination Of The Effectiveness Of Teaching Nonverbal Sensitivity To Students In An Occupational Therapy Curriculum, Darla Kathleen Schurmeier

Masters Theses

The effectiveness of teaching nonverbal communication skills to undergraduate students in an occupational therapy curriculum at Western Michigan University was explored by testing students just entering the program and students leaving the campus for their fieldwork experiences. A control group was made up of undergraduate students from curricula that did not purposely teach sensitivity to nonverbal cues. The 50 subjects were tested using the Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity (PONS; Rosenthal, Hall, DiMatteo, Rogers, & Archer, 1979). Comparisons were made between PONS scores and the subject's area of study, length of time in the program, gender and age. Results showed that …

Reading: The Conferences, Jeanne M. Jacobson

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

National Council of Teachers of English, 80th Annual Convention, November, 1990 Many of the presentations at the annual convention of the National Council of Teachers of English, held in Atlanta in November, str'9ssed the theme of teachers educating themselves, and one another, through reflective practice, shared theory - and ongoing exercise of perceptive imagination. Our own minds need cultivation; our own practices need change; our own professional lives need to grow.

The Development Of A Self-Help Psychoeducational Booklet Of Rational-Emotive Problem Solving, Alan D. Baldon

Masters Theses

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Rational-Emotive Problem Solving workbook (REPS), developed by the researcher, which employs programmed learning principles to teach Rational-Emotive problem-solving techniques.

Fifteen undergraduate psychology students participated. Subjects were provided with the 69-page booklet. The subjects were guided through the Education, Self-Test, and Application components of the workbook.

Two hypotheses were tested. It was predicted that subjects would demonstrate mastery by achieving a score of 80% or better on the Self-Test section. It was further predicted that subjects would demonstrate generalization of the Rational-Emotive principles to a personal problem, achieving a score of 80 or higher …

An Examination Of The Irrelevance Of The Term Neoconservative As Used In American Ideological Debates, Mark C. Stanczak

Masters Theses

This study compared, by analysis of their publications, various people who are considered to be part of the neoconservative movement in the United States. A definition was developed, and a sample of neoconservatives was examined to see if they adhered to the definition. The examination centered around these people's individual views, as published, on economics and the Welfare State; the scope of government in a society; the Cold War and its effect on community; religion; and stability, the state and social justice.

The analysis of their publications leads to the conclusion that there is no cohesive movement that can be …

A Redefinition Of The Problem Of Homelessness Among Persons With A Chronic Mental Illness, Donald M. Linhorst

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Two definitions of the problem of homelessness among persons with a chronic mental illness are examined, along with their implied solutions and ramifications for policy. Homelessness among this group is first viewed as the result of deinstitutionalization, and secondly, as the outcome of a critical shortage of low-income housing. Solutions stemming from the deinstitutionalization definition of homelessness, reinstitutionalization or improvement in the mental health system, are seen as inadequate to deal with the problem of homelessness among the mentally ill. Instead, state departments of mental health are called upon to provide a leadership role in the development of affordable housing.

Promoting Voting Behavior Among Low Income Black Voters Using Reminder Letters: An Experimental Investigation, William Kelly Canady, Bruce A. Thyer

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

A controlled experimental design applied in a field setting was used to determine the effectiveness of a bipartisan mailed letter reminding registered low income black voters to participate in the 1988 Presidential election. Each member of three groups of approximately 85 voters received either one, two or three such reminder letters shortly before the election. A fourth, control group of voters did not receive any letters. Statistical analysis revealed that the reminder letters appeared to have no effect on voting behavior.

Burnout And Job Satisfaction: Their Relationship To Perceived Competence And Work Stress Among Undergraduate And Graduate Social Workers, David P. Himle, Srinika Jayaratne

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This study investigated the effects of two types of social work competency on job satisfaction and burnout among undergraduate and graduate social workers. While previous research has suggested that perceived practice competence may increase job satisfaction and reduce burnout, the findings of this study suggest that there is a differential effect between various types of competence on these factors, especially among undergraduate workers. The findings did not support the contention that perceived practice competence was a primary cause of burnout reduction among graduate workers or undergraduate workers, when compared to other occupational stressors.

An Ergonomic Study Of Meat Processing Operations, Edgar Delgado

Masters Theses

In this study, physical stresses imposed on the different parts of the musculoskeletal system were assessed using a subjective ratings of perceived discomfort (RPD) scale in the meat industry. The effects of a microbreak system on the perceived discomfort of employees were studied. In addition, a comparison of human physical capacities (i.e., anthropometric, strength, and endurance measures) for Caucasian-American and Hispanic-Mexican employees in the meat industry was performed. These measures were also compared against those of employees engaged in manual material handling tasks. Twenty-eight employees participated in the study.

Based on this study, it can be concluded that: (a) RPD …

The Effect Of Organization Type On Job Satisfaction: Private And Public Sector Employees In Saudi Arabia, Saeid Al-Hajri

Masters Theses

This study was designed to explore job satisfaction facets, similarities, differences, and associations among 324 public and private sector employees in Saudi Arabia. Results indicated that subjects from the private sector were satisfied with eight job satisfaction factors (responsibility, recognition and relationship with peers and subordinates, working conditions, opportunity for advancement, personal development and opportunity to make own decision, time demands and requirements of the job, organizational policies and personal recognition, social status, and security and salary) and dissatisfied with one factor (supervisory techniques), while subjects from the public sector were satisfied with four job satisfaction factors (responsibility, recognition and …

Self-Reported Leadership Styles Of Higher Education Administrators In Venezuela As Related To Selected Demographic Variables, Julian Serafin Martin

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to identify the self-reported leadership style of higher education administrators in Venezuela as related to six selected demographic variables: age, sex, highest academic degree earned, years of experience in either colleges or technological institutes, marital status, and union experiences. The subjects of the study were 58 directive council members of three colleges and five technological institutes in Venezuela. Eighty-three percent of all potential subjects participated in the study. Two instruments--the LBA-II-Self (Spanish version produced by Blanchard Training and Development, Inc.) and a demographic data form--were used to gather data.

The validity and reliability of …

Applications Of The Tap Te Chino Of Lao Tzu To Psychotherapy Theory And Technique, Thomas E. Hranilovich

Dissertations

Existing paradigms in psychology are almost exclusively founded upon the hypothetico-deductive scientific tradition. As a consequence, prevalent psychotherapy theories and techniques are also founded upon this tradition. In recent years the realization has been growing, even among its adherents, that the hypothetico-deductive method is not the only avenue to knowledge about the nature of existence. An alternate avenue is provided by the mystic tradition, as exemplified by Zen Buddhism, Hesychasm, Indian and Tibetan Yoga, Sufism, Christian mysticism, Hindu mysticism, Jewish mysticism, and Taoism. This study is an examination of the central beliefs of tao chia, or the Taoist school, and …

A Trend Analysis Of Occupational Therapy Treatment Outcomes Following Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Surgery, Richard G. Cooper

Dissertations

A trend analysis of treatment outcomes was completed for a single group of subjects who participated in a staged occupational therapy rehabilitation program following carpal tunnel surgery. In addition, the enabler skills of range of motion and muscle strength were compared with the outcome skills of motor function and occupational performance. Thirty-one subjects participated. Data were collected before surgery, and three months, six months, and nine months after surgery.

The findings from this study indicated that: (a) differences in range of motion, gross grasp, motor function, and occupational performance occurred in linear trends; and (b) increases in enabler skills were …

Stimulus-Specific And Stimulus-Nonspecific Reinforcement: Effects On Tact Training With Severely Mentally Impaired Young Adults, Steven J . Braam

Dissertations

The effects of specific or similar physical properties between discriminative stimuli and reinforcers in tact training were studied. Stimulus-specific reinforcement and stimulus-nonspecific reinforcement conditions were compared using a matched-groups design. When subjects correctly tacted in the former condition, the experimenter gave reinforcers with identical physical properties to the training stimuli. When subjects correctly tacted in the latter condition, the experimenter delivered reinforcers with different physical properties from the nonverbal training stimulus.

The subjects demonstrated no overall differences in learning trials. Only one subject, trained with stimulus- specific reinforcement learned tacts in consistently fewer trials than his counterpart trained with stimulus-nonspecific …

Graph Products And Covering Graph Imbeddings, Ghidewon Abay Asmerom

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Improving Networks Reliability, Jamal H. Nouh

Dissertations

No abstract provided.