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The Effects Of Residual Surfactant On The Retention Of Fines, Steve L. Myers

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Research was conducted to determine if small amounts of non-ionic surfactants present in the papermaking furnish would effect fine particle retention.

The Britt Jar was used for the first part of this experiment to determine if the surfactant would affect the retention. The surfactant was tested at six different concentrations and no detrimental effects were seen.

Subsequent Britt Jar experiments were used to determine the effects of shear, and the effects of retention aids. These experiments were conducted primarily to see if they were interacting some way with the surfactant. The results showed no interaction.

The final part of the …

The Effect Of The Mixing Ratio Of Fly Ash And Paper Industry Sludge On Hydraulic Conductivity, Christine J. Lupu

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

Groundwater contamination is a large concern for everyone. Because of this many precautions are being taken to protect the groundwater. In addition, the availability of landfill area is decreasing because of the difficulty in siting new landfills due to the latest legislation. Therefore, landfill and/or design alternatives must be created to reduce the increasing cost of landfilling.

Two of the major sources of waste produced by the pulp and paper industry are wastewater treatment sludge and fly ash from the combustion of wood waste and coal. The current disposal method of these two wastes are in landfills. Alternatives are …

The Cross Flow Filtration Concept Used As A Deinking Method, Gregory E. Gourlay

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The cross-flow filter was used to deink a 70% news and 30% coated section furnish. This has never been attempted before so the main objective was to determine if it would work. The secondary objective was to find the highest operating consistency possible. The filter can be used to remove ink, fines and filler from a stock suspension. The feed, accept and effluent samples were analyzed for percent ash, brightness, clark classification, Kajanni fiber length analysis and image analysis. The effluent had a 29.81% ash compared to the feed ash of 8.32%. The accept brightness was 42.9 while the feed …

Making Seatwork Work, Patricia M. Cunningham

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Seatwork is an activity which has very few supporters but which is a part of every school day in almost every elementary classroom. In elementary classrooms, most of the seatwork is done during the reading/language time and often occupies two-thirds of the allocated time (Allington and McGill-Franzen, 1989; Rosenshine, 1979). Seatwork serves an important management function in that it allows teachers to focus their attention on groups or individual children with varying needs and abilities. Seatwork is also supposed to provide children with some of the practice needed to become better readers and writers.

Using Writing As A Clinical Intervention, Michael P. French, Kim E. Reinhart

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The programs at the Bowling Green State University Reading Center are designed to help both elementary and secondary children improve their literacy skills by offering a variety of assessment and developmentally appropriate reading programs. These programs include individualized instructional programs which utilize a variety of language based teaching strategies and techniques, including the use of writing as a clinical intervention.

The Effect Of Coating Lubricants On Boxboard Hot-Melt Glueability, James R. O'Brien Jr.

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Coating lubricants are commonly used in the folding boxboard industry to reduce dusting, improve gloss, increase dried coating flexibility, and modify coating slurry viscosity. Hot-melt adhesives are becoming increasingly popular among boxboard converters due to the strong bonds developed with very little set time. Very little is known about the interaction between the lubricants on the coating surface and adhesion developed with hot-melt adhesives.

In this study 100% recycled boxboard was coated on an air knife coater with a base coating and with 1%, 2%, 4%, and 8% calcium stearate and polyethylene glycol lubricants. The board was tested for Gardner …

The Effects Of Ph And Time On Fiber Surface Area, Daniel R. Norey

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In an effort to integrate some of the diverse approaches to pulp swelling evaluation, this study incorporated various test to reveal the possible swelling changes occurring in a fiber. The scope of this report is to study the effects of pH and time of soaking in water on secondary fiber swelling and surface area.

For each trial, fibers were soaked for different times ranging between 0 and 25 hours. The trials consisted of three different samples which has pH's of 7.2, 9.2 and 11.5. This study involved three tests to help analyze any changes in the fiber. They are the …

Reducing The Amount Of Microbiological Growth Using Ultrasonic Treatment, Mark Gill

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This thesis explored the possibility of using ultrasonic treatment to reduce the amount of microbiological growth in a sample of contaminated mill wastewater. It was found that ultrasonic treatment reduces microbiological growth through the mechanism of cavitation. percent inhibition increases with both time of treatment and applied power. The most economical conditions were high power and a short treatment time.

The increase in cell volume had an inverse effect on the percent inhibition. The increase in consistency of the treated solution also had an inverse effect on the percent inhibition and 6% was the maximum treatable consistency.

Ultrasonic treatment was …

8th Conference On Senior Engineering Design Projects, College Of Engineering And Applied Sciences

Senior Engineering Design Conference

The 8th Conference on Senior Engineering Design Projects was held on April 16, 1991 at the College of Engineering and applied Sciences on the Parkview Campus of Western Michigan University. The college sponsors the conference to showcase the work of its graduating seniors, who are required to complete a capstone project that puts into practice what they have learned. Many of the projects are sponsored by business and industry.

Improving The Effectiveness And Efficiency Of Textbook Selection Procedures: A Smorgasbord Of Suggestions And Strategies, Jeanne Shay Schumm, Martha Doucette

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Textbook selection in the United States used to be quite simple. As Nila Banton Smith (1986) reminds us, choices in colonial America were limited to the New England Primer and a Holy Bible. Throw in a slate and a lunch pail and children were fully equipped for the school year!

Reading Horizons Vol. 31, No. 4

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Complete Issue of Reading Horizons volume 31, issue 4.

Reading, Writing, Discussing: An Interactive Approach To Teaching In The Content Areas, Pamela J. Farris, Carol Fuhler, Mary Louise Ginejko

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Content area reading necessitates that students develop effective study strategies. Farrar (1986) pointed out that much of the reading in the content areas requires higher thinking skills than for narrative passages and noted that "examining one's own opinions, judgments, and reactions in relation to what the author has presented and applying that knowledge to new situations marks a qualitative jump from the... comprehension of the basal reader" (p. 46).

Professional Materials, Lynn Nations Johnson

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Literature-Based Social Studies: Children's Books and Activities to Enrich the K-5 Curriculum. Mildred Knight Laughlin and Patricia Payne Kardaleff. 1991. Children's Books: Aldo Peanut Butter. Johanna Hurwitz. 1990; Alison's Zinnia. Anita Lobel, author and illustrator. 1991;Building a House. Byron Barton. 1990; Manatee on Location. Kathy Darling. 1991; Yellow Ball. Molly Bang. 1991; By The Sea. Michelle Koch. 1991; The Twelve Days of Summer. Elizabeth L. O'Donnell. 1991. Reviewed By: Sherry Myers, Linda K. Judy, Cindy Overly, and Jeanne M. Jacobson

Using Poetry With Adolescents In A Remedial Reading Program: A Case Study, Sheila Shapiro, Mary Welch

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Teachers who teach reading to low-achieving adolescents know that good, high-interest, low-vocabulary instructional materials are difficult to find and sometimes unavailable. Even when good materials are available in the form of magazine articles, short stories, and easy novels, they are often overwhelming to an adolescent who is reading four-to five years or more below grade level.

The Composing Process: A Springboard For Literacy Development, David L. Brown, L.D. Briggs

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The composing process involves the methods used by writers to discover ideas, formulate goals, make plans, ex press ideas, and assess, revise, and edit their writing. Several years ago, few studies examining the children's composing process could be found in the literature. Yet recently, there has been an increased interest in all facets of composing. This interest has resulted from a concern for improving reading and writing skills, and has been the impetus for increased research activity. As a result of this research activity, models describing the composing process have been developed, and new issues are continuing to gain attention. …

Multi-Session Reading Inservice: A Step In The Right Direction, Linda Thistlethwaite, Kathy Dulaney Barclay, Marrietta Castle, Wilma Jean Lewis

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Teachers, like members of other professional groups, are expected to learn, to grow, and to renew themselves. Although the need for effective inservice is evident and the qualities of effective inservice appear to be well-documented (Samuels and Pearson, 1988), school administrators seem still to be relying heavily on ineffective inservice formats. As university professors, we are frequently called to present the typical "one-shot" inservice session designed to provide "something for everyone" in less than two hours, with no provision for teacher participation or for follow-up activities and discussion.

Flotation Data Sampling Strategies In Archaeological Research: An Experiment At The Elam Site (20ae195), Allegan County, Michigan, Brian David Deroo

Masters Theses

Studies of prehistoric Native American subsistence patterns have benefited greatly from data recovered through the technique of flotation, which allows investigators to recover small scale organic remains which would otherwise be missed using standard excavation procedures. Using data recovered through flotation researchers have been able to more fairly evaluate the role of plant foods, both wild and cultivated, in the aboriginal diet.

A common method of obtaining a flotation sample is to define a column through the center of the cultural feature or midden and removing a specified volume of soil matrix (usually 10 liters) from this column. This thesis …

Added-Purpose Versus Rote Exercise For Dynamic Standing Balance Training In Hemiplegia, Ching-Lin Hsieh

Masters Theses

Adding purpose to daily occupation in order to promote performance is a basic premise of occupational therapy. This study investigated the hypothesis that in individuals with hemiplegia, two added-purpose occupations would elicit more exercise repetitions than a rote exercise occupation. In a counterbalanced order, twenty-one hemiplegic patients aged 51 to 78 experienced all three conditions of a dynamic standing balance exercise involving bending down, reaching , standing up, and extending the arm. One condition of added purposes involved materials (small balls and a target); another prompted imagery of those materials; the third involved the same physical exercise without added purpose. …

Nurse Leaders: The Relationship Between Return To School And Sex Role Traits, Family Demographics And Household Responsibilities, Mary Lynn Anderson

Dissertations

The purposes of this study were: (a) to describe differences , if any, in sex-role traits, age and number of children, proportionate income, and responsibility for household tasks and childcare between female registered nurses who return to college and those who do not; and (b) to extend the research regarding the adult learner's return to college in the specific area of baccalaureate degree completion by registered nurses. Chi square and analysis of variance of survey data, and interviews were used in determining differences between the student and nonstudent groups.

Four hypotheses were tested. The only hypothesis which was supported was …

An Analysis Of Dissolved Organic Compounds And Their Contribution To Iron Complexation In The Shallow Leachate Plume Of The West Kl Landfill Kalamazoo, Michigan, Eric Fahle

Masters Theses

High concentrations of dissolved iron are present in downgradient groundwater samples adjacent to the western border of the West KL Landfill. Analysis by Rudder (1988) of groundwater samples indicates oversaturation of selected iron oxides, iron sulfides and siderite in monitoring wells TW-4 and M3.

Previous research suggests that pyrogallol, gallic acid, tannic acid and similar organic compounds may retard the oxidation of ferrous iron in the shallow leachate plume of the West KL landfill (Rudder, 1988). Present research utilizing solid phase extraction, reverse phase high performance chromatography, Fourier transform IR spectrophotometry, UV/Visible spectrophotometry, and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy indicate that pyrogallol, …

The Effects Of Public Posting On Job Performance With And Without Supervisory Participation, Jan Marie Miller

Masters Theses

The intervention was tested using a sequential presentation of conditions to assess the performance of clerical employees in a university admissions office. Ten workers received feedback on completion of mailroom tasks on a daily basis. Tasks included time of mail delivery and accuracy and quantity of responses to information requests. For mail delivery, two intervention elements were applied. First, group performance data were posted publicly. Second, verbal feedback from a supervisor was added to public posting. Improvement in time of mail delivery was observed when public posting was implemented; however, no reliable improvements were observed when supervisor feedback was added. …

The Effects Of A Conditioned Establishing Operation On Performance Of A Two-Component Chain, Kenneth Lee Alling

Masters Theses

Subjects were exposed to a discrete-trial procedure in which reinforcement following the completion of a two-component response chain was dependent upon the presence or absence of the houselight. The procedure used closely resembles the hypothetical procedure suggested by Michael (1982) for developing control by a conditioned establishing operation. All subjects came to respond differentially in the presence and absence of the houselight. However, removal of the supposed conditioned reinforcer following completion of the first component of the response chain had little effect on control by the houselight, casting some doubt on Michael's (1982) theoretical analysis.

Catch Of The Day, For Symphony Orchestra, Angela Lynne Jones

Masters Theses

In "Catch of the Day," the music is centered by a time-line, a feature of African ritualistic music. West African ritualistic music is often performed by large drum ensembles, each playing a different rhythm. In order to stay together properly, each musician listens to a time-line, or a rhythmic pattern which beats out the basic rhythm and keeps time for the whole group. The time-line also has special significance because it is heard even when it is not actually played. While the time-line is used to define the rhythm, the most important element in ritualistic music is the text, which …

Dierdre: A Soap Opera, For Singers, Dancers, Players, Electronic Sounds And Projected Images, James Schwall

Masters Theses

Dierdre: A Soap Opera is a chamber opera in one act, with dance, and takes about an hour to perform. There are six singing parts which may be performed by five singers. Two parts are for sopranos or mezzos, two for baritone, and one is designated tenor. All have fairly easy ranges. The piece also requires four percussionists and a pianist. Several interludes, called "breaks," are intended for modern dance. One of these breaks and the overture are for taped electronic music, realized by the composer. The libretto, also by the composer, involves the employees and regulars at a somewhat …

The Effects Of A Performance-Based Lottery System On Accident Reduction In The Kalamazoo Office Of The United States Postal Service, Dale F. Polley

Masters Theses

The effects of a performance-based lottery system on the accident rates of mail carriers were examined. Two hundred and eight mail carriers in five United States Postal Service facilities participated. The experimental design consisted of a multiple-baseline with reversal. In addition, the accident rates for the intervention period were compared to the accident rates for the same period of time during the preceding two years.

A Safety Bingo game served as the lottery system. If an accident did not occur in a work unit during the day, a bingo number was drawn. The bingo game continued until either a bingo …

The Paleoethnobotany Of Schwerdt (20ae127): An Early Fifteenth Century Encampment In The Lower Kalamazoo River Valley, Gregory R. Walz

Masters Theses

Carbonized macrobotanical remains from the Schwerdt Site, an Upper Mississippian sturgeon fishery in the Lower Kalamazoo River Valley are identified and analyzed in terms of their implications for localized subsistence-settlement systems operating during the Berrien Phase in southwestern Michigan. The exploitation of wild plant foods at this limited-activity, spring sturgeon fishery and the environmental composition of the site environs are reconstructed from their representation in flotation samples derived from excavated feature and midden contexts.

Botanical data indicate a strong wetland-aquatic orientation in plant procurement, with aquatic tubers being the primary plant resource exploited at the site. Data from several sites …

The Relationship Of Student Perceptions Of School Climate And Student Retention, Frank D. Garrett

Dissertations

The purpose of this field research study was to describe the differences in perceptions of school climate , as measured on the 10 subscales of the National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP, 1987) School Climate Survey, for at - risk students as compared to students not classified as at - risk. The population of this study was 6,250 students from three Michigan public high schools, urban (U ), suburban (S ), and rural (R ). In each school two subgroups were identified with 30 in each subgroup. Random sampling procedures were used to identify 30 at-risk and 30 not-at-risk …

A Study Of Dual Relationships In Small College Counseling Centers, Terry W. Darling

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to address the following questions; What are the attitudes and practices of counselors in small college counseling centers regarding dual relationships? What are the counselor characteristics that appear to affect counselors' attitudes and practices? How do the attitudes and practices of counselors in small colleges compare to other professionals' attitudes and practices?

A nationwide, random sample of 300 small college counselors was surveyed. Half of the sample received a Counseling Practices Survey: Ethics, which sought information about the respondents' attitudes regarding 17 nonsexual and sexual dual relationship behaviors. The other half of the sample …

Crime And Development: A Comparative Analysis, Dick Taver'shima Andzenge

Dissertations

The study examines the extent to which social and economic development might be related to crime. Modernization theory of crime posits that the process of social and economic development involves changes in the society which are criminogenic. These changes include: urbanization, industrialization, longevity or increased life expectancy, increased manufacturing and gross domestic products. According to this theory these characteristics alter social tendencies to stability and conformity, and therefore result in increased deviance and crime.

This study tests the theory by using longitudinal data collected over a 25-year period from 54 countries. A sample of these data representing 34 countries from …

A Comparison Of Three Procedures For The Establishment Of A Novel Response With Delayed Reinforcement, Jayson W. Wilkenfield

Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was to compare three procedures for examining the degree to which delayed response-dependent presentations of food would result in the acquisition of lever-pressing in rats. Although there is an abundance of research examining the maintenance of behavior with delayed reinforcement, few studies have investigated reinforcement delays in the acquisition of new discrete behaviors. Historically two different procedures have been employed in the study of delayed reinforcement. In a nonresetting delay procedure a response sets up the delivery of a reinforcer to occur after t seconds, and responses that may occur during the delay interval …