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Reading Horizons Vol. 32, No. 5

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Complete issue of Reading Horizons, volume 32, issue 5.

Including All Students Within A Community Of Learners, Curt Dudley-Marling, Susan Stires

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

One of the inevitable consequences of schooling is this: a substantial number of children will experience some failure during their educational careers. In general, students fail when they are unable to learn the skills their teachers think they should learn, at the time the teachers think they should. We believe that efforts to reduce school failure must turn away from trying to fix students. Instead teachers should concentrate on transforming their classrooms to make them places which are more congenial to the linguistic, cultural, social, and intellectual backgrounds students bring to school. In short, teachers need to create a community …

Literature Groups And Literature Logs: Responding To Literature In A Community Of Readers, Kathy Everts Danielson

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Literature discussion groups as a vehicle for discussing and responding to literature have recently received much attention as an alternative to basal reading groups. Recent research advocates this type of grouping.

The Non-Traditional Student, Brenda J. Wickey

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Tired of the mediocre educational system in which she was trapped and the aimless direction in which it was taking her, she dropped out of school after her junior year, got a job in a factory, and was married that fall. Two years later she became a mother. The years that followed were happy, busy ones for her husband and her. They had four sons within five years. He began his own business and became quite successful. She was happy with her life, her family, her friends. Yet her husband knew. She wanted to teach.

Article Index

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Index to articles in volume 32.

Author Index

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Index to authors in volume 32.

A Study Of Cooperative Learning At The High School Level, Lisabeth S. Margulus

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to answer the following research questions:

1. Which teacher skills are necessary to implement effective teamwork in a classroom?

2. What kind of learning environment is optimal for implementing effective teamwork in a classroom?

3. In classrooms using teamwork, does greater student achievement occur than in classrooms not using teamwork?

The study outlined the specific teacher skills and described the optimal learning environment for implementing cooperative strategies in high school classrooms. To address the third question , an experimental study was conducted in which sixty-four 10th-,11th-, and 12th-grade Business Applications and Technology students in …

Improving Service Quality Through Self-Monitoring, John Patrick Mcdonough Iii

Dissertations

A multiple-baseline across-restaurants design was used to assess the effectiveness of a quality guarantee (performance checklist) on the quality of food served at two carryout pizza restaurants in a Midwestern city of approximately 100,000 people. The research consisted of having the quality of food monitored by research assistants who served as mystery shoppers trained in the quality standards of the restaurants. Quality was monitored during baseline, when normal operating procedures were in effect at the restaurant, and during intervention, when employees who delivered food to customers were required to sign a quality guarantee. In one intervention phase, employees checked off …

Motivational Effects On A Psychometric Measure Of Prefrontal Brain Functioning In Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia And Related Disorders, Paul C. Smith

Dissertations

This study compared multiple sequential performances on a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Grant & Berg, 1948; Harris, 1986) by adult men receiving institutional inpatient treatment for chronic schizophrenia and related disorders. Participants were exposed to differential test conditions of minimal post-session non-contingent token reinforcement (baseline phases) and enhanced intra-session performance-contingent token reinforcement (experimental phase). Each major participant resided at the same continuing treatment unit at Kalamazoo Regional Psychiatric Hospital receiving similar social therapies but idiosyncratic psychotropic medication regimens, changes in which were tracked in relation to test performances. A simple single-subject reversal design was employed with …

The Financial Implications Of School District Consolidation In Michigan, William P. Letarte

Dissertations

The consolidation of public school districts in Michigan has again become an issue with the state legislature with the introduction of Senate Bill 570 of 1989 and Senate Bill 344 of 1991, both of which have proposed a reduction in the number of school districts to a maximum of 200 and a minimum size of 2,000 students per district. The last major legislative initiative in Michigan was from 1960 to 1970 when the number of public school districts was reduced from 2,149 to 638.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model of school district reorganization and then …

Creating A Disabled Reader: A Father's Perspective, Jerry Phillips

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Parents want their children to be competent in reading so the children can play the game on a level field.

Double Differential Cross Sections For State-Selective Electron Capture By Low-Energy Ar4+ And Ar5+ Ions From He And Ar, Serefettin Yaltkaya

Masters Theses

Doubly differential cross sections, in angle and energy, for state-selective single-electron capture from He and Ar by Ar⁴⁺ and Ar⁵⁺ ions have been studied experimentally at laboratory impact energies of 25q, 50q, and lOOq eV (q = 4 and 5, where q is the ion charge state) and at laboratory scattering angles between 0° and 5.5°, by means of translational energy spectroscopy. The translational energy-gain spectra show that only a few final states are selectively populated. Final-state transition probabilities were found to depend strongly on the charge state of the projectile ion and the ionization potential of the …

The Effectiveness Of A Job Search Skills Training Program On The Job Readiness Of Undergraduate Malaysian Students Enrolled At Western Michigan University, Ibrahim Bin Hashim

Dissertations

The relevant body of research and literature applicable to this area emphasized the importance of job readiness among college students. Job seeking skills program can be rendered more effective and efficient by using a combination of several behavioral procedures.

The primary purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a job search skills training program on the job readiness of the undergraduate sponsored Malaysian students enrolled at Western Michigan University. Specifically the problem centered on the ability of the treatment program to help Malaysian students to become clearer and to increase their understanding about the importance of self-awareness, …

Common Moment Sets Of Complementary Graphs, Hang Chen

Dissertations

Two sequences of nonnegative integers have the k^th common moment if they have equal sums of k^th powers. We intend to study common moment sets of the degree sequences of complementary graphs, and similarly, of the score sequences of complementary tournaments.

In Chapter I, we first study common moment sets of arbitrary sequences of nonnegative integers. Some basic concepts are introduced. The relations between characteristic functions and initial common moments are discovered. We extend Hua’s discussion of the Tarry-Escott problem. We conclude that any finite subset of nonnegative integers can be a common moment set of some sequences, and conversely, …

The Effect Of Associative Distance On The Formation Of Transitive Relations, Robert G. Brown Jr.

Dissertations

Three children, aged eight to eleven years, were taught a series of conditional discriminations using two classes of 26 abstract visual stimuli. The conditional relations were ordered such that the correct comparison stimuli of one relation served as the sample stimuli for the next relation. This allowed for the formation of a series of derived relations (both transitive and equivalence) that differed in terms of the number of intervening nodes. At regular intervals, the subjects' performances on the different transitive relations were tested using unreinforced probe trials.

All three subjects made virtually no errors on transitive relations containing up to …

Career Dynamics Of Counselor Trainee Stereotyping: Bias Toward Physical Ability, Social Class, Gender, And Race Of Clients, J. Stephen Neynaber

Dissertations

Three different attitude surveys, developed by the researcher, were administered to counselor trainees (N =200) at Western Michigan University: The Attitudes of Counselor Trainees (A.C.T.) Survey, Multicultural Beliefs Inhibiting Appropriate Support (M-B.I.A.S.) Survey, and Career Beliefs Inhibiting Appropriate Support (CB. LA.S.) Survey. A 24-item demographics questionnaire was administered to trainees (n =124) who completed the A.C.T. Survey. A six-items Likert scale produced significant effect (p < .05) on counselor trainees' ratings of clients' potential for career success: (1) Awareness of Personal Strengths and Weaknesses, (2) Goal Orientation, (3) Self-esteem, (4) Energy Level, (5) Participation in Extracurricular Activities, and (6) Level of Honesty.

Five client demographic oppression variables, which the review of literature documented to evince negative bias from counselors, were included in 16 hypothetical client scenarios: physical handicaps (viz., hearing impairment and paraplegia), female sex, African-Americans, low …

Perceived Parental Care And Protection As Correlates Of Chronic Pain In Adults, Daniel L. Walberer

Dissertations

This research was undertaken to explore the significance of care and protection as correlates related to the experience of chronic pain in adults. Chronic pain may affect as many as ten percent of the American population and cost up to a billion dollars a year in treatment costs. It was hypothesized that certain parenting styles are related to the experience of chronic pain in adults.

Thirty male and female patients referred to The Center for Health Psychology and Medicine in Kalamazoo, Michigan who were diagnosed as experiencing chronic pain by a referring physician participated in this study. Each participant underwent …

What's Going On Here? A Qualitative Examination Of Grouping Patterns In An Exemplary Whole Language Classroom, Carole F. Stice, John E. Bertrand

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Recent debate has focused on two contrasting approaches to literacy instruction, a decoding versus a meaning centered paradigm (Adams, 1990). These curricular models differ in how reading instruction is conducted, because they differ in their underlying assumptions about how learning occurs, what language is, and what constitutes the reading act itself (Shuy, 1984). Presently, researchers cannot answer the question as to which, if either, method of instruction better answers the needs of children, without first specifying more fully the distinctive features of each focus and identifying the contextual aspects of each type of instruction that significantly influences the achievement of …

The Extent To Which The Career Guidance And Counseling Component Is Addressed In The Administration Of Tech Prep Programs, Linda Joan Kwasny

Dissertations

This study examined the career guidance and counseling component of tech prep projects that were being planned and implemented in Michigan during the 1990-91 school year. A survey was conducted of all eleven consortia operating funded tech prep projects to determine the involvement of secondary and post-secondary guidance professionals in tech prep planning, the extent of articulation of guidance services for regular and special populations tech prep students, and the nature and extent of the career guidance and counseling programs that were being planned for regular and special populations students.

The findings from this study indicate that for secondary and …

The Effects Of The Caribbean Basin Initiative On Jamaica's Trade, Arlene Hendricks

Honors Theses

This paper will analyze the export-led model for development by looking at the intended versus the actual results of the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) as it relates to the Caribbean country of Jamaica. The CBI was passed into law by the U.S. Congress under the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA) in 1983. An exploration is made of the circumstances leading to the CBI, the main precepts and legislation of the CBI, its implementation and its effects. This paper also discusses the amendment to the CBERA, known as CBI II, which was passed into law effective October 1,1990. There will …

Prediction Of Paper Color: A Process Simulation Approach, Mayank Chaturvedi

Masters Theses

A simulation model was developed for a dye mixing process and for the prediction of the optical properties of the paper. The model was integrated with the MAPPS (Modular Analysis of Pulp and Paper Systems) simulation software package. The model was validated using dyed handsheets made in a laboratory and dyed paper made on a pilot papermachine. Validation comprised of prediction of the optical properties of the handsheets and the machine-made paper which contained various combinations of three non-fluorescent dyes. Sheet reflectances were predicted at 20 nanometer intervals for discrete light wavelength range of 400 to 700 nanometers and verified …

Sequential And Parallel Discrete Event Simulation On Computer Communication Networks, Tao Zhou

Masters Theses

This thesis presents the discrete event simulation technique on the network design, focusing on the methodology, modeling and implementation. The developed technique is suitable for the analysis of any store-and-forward computer communication networks with any level of complexity. The proposed generic simulation model can be used to test the architectures and protocols of existing networks and networks being designed. In implementation of the sequential discrete event simulation, an object-oriented programming strategy is applied to the network simulation using the C++ language. The parallel discrete event simulation is introduced to solve the problem of long time execution of the sequential simulation …

The Rhetoric Of Slobodan Milosevic And War On The Territory Of Yugoslavia, Agneza Bozic

Masters Theses

The hypothesis of this work is that the political rhetoric of the Serbian leader, Milosevic, was among the major factors contributing to the political and social changes in Serbia and Yugoslavia, which ultimately led to the war.

Three of Milosevic's speeches were studied in detail: the speeches of April 24, 1987, October 17, 1988, and November 19, 1988. The method of rhetorical analysis was adopted from Andrews (1990) because this method stresses the importance of context and effects of the speech. The theories of political language (Graber, 1981) and of political rhetoric (Bitzer, 1981) together with Johannesen's (1989) theory of …

Maximal And Maximum Independent Sets In Graphs, Jiuqiang Liu

Dissertations

A maximal independent set of a graph G is an independent set which is not contained properly in any other independent set of G. An independent set is called maximum if it is of largest cardinality. Denote i(G) to be the number of maximal independent sets of G. These special sets and the parameter i(G) have interested many researchers leading to a number of properties and results. One of these is the determination of the maximum number of maximal independent sets among all graphs of order n, and the external graphs. In this investigation,we develop new properties for …

A Study Of The Effect Of Water-Soluble Polymers On Water Holding And Binder Migration Tendencies Of Coatings, Joginder S. Malik

Masters Theses

Water-soluble polymers are being used in the paper coating industry for a variety of purposes including the development of water holding, viscosity control, structure and binder migration control. This study was designed to evaluate the degree that selected types of water-soluble polymers (carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol and a polyacrylate) influence these properties. The methodology comprised of recently developed techniques in which water holding, immobilization solids and binder migration could all be measured for similar coatings applied on a paper-like porous substrate. The results illustrated that watersoluble polymers affect both the water-loss rate and binder migration, but reduce the …

The Differential Effects Of Performance Monitoring And Performance Contingent Consequences In A Laboratory Setting, Julie A. Glasser

Masters Theses

A simulated work task, consisting of paper and pencil quality control inspection, was used to examine the effects of performance monitoring and performance-contingent feedback on the quality and quantity of work produced. Six subjects were exposed to two treatment conditions. During monitoring only, a supervisor checked performance by asking subjects about their progress. During performance-contingent feedback, a supervisor informed subjects of the number of correct inspections completed on a sample page and summarized the quality of their work in a brief statement. Performance was measured in terms of error detection accuracy (errors missed and false error detections) and rate of …

Self-Efficacy And Academic Success Of Integrated And Segregated Emotionally Impaired Adolescents, Jerry William Davisson

Dissertations

In this study, levels of self-efficacy and levels of academic success of emotionally impaired adolescents in both integrated and segregated settings were analyzed. The data were analyzed to determine if placement setting (integrated or segregated) impact: self-efficiency levels, academic success levels, and the relationship between self-efficiency and academic success.

Subjects were selected from two junior high schools within Macomb County, Michigan. The integrated junior high educated emotionally impaired students with nonimpaired students and the segregated junior high educated emotionally impaired students with only other emotionally impaired students. Eleven students from the integrated junior high and 28 students from the segregated …

A Descriptive Study Of The Development And Validation Of A Curriculum Development Process For Occupational Therapy In An Institution Of Higher Education, Alfred G. Bracciano

Dissertations

This was a descriptive study of a curriculum development process for occupational therapy at Saginaw Valley State University in Michigan. A four-stage process was designed and documented. These stages included: (1) feasibility , (2) curriculum design and development, (3) review and evaluation-validation for each component, and (4 ) implementation stage.

The study was conducted to develop a curriculum development process that was academically appropriate for occupational therapy programs for institutions of higher education and which met identified needs as set forth by the feasibility study and the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA), Division of Education. Further, the study undertook to …

The Effects Of Music Listening And Progressive Muscle Relaxation On The Anxiety Level Of Adjudicated Adolescent Males In A Residential Treatment Setting, Ned David Gladfelter

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music listening and progressive muscle relaxation on the anxiety level of adjudicated adolescent males. Sixty-five delinquent, adolescent males in a residential treatment facility took part in either a music listening treatment, a progressive muscle relaxation treatment (Bernstein & Borkovec, 1973), or a combination of both methods, and the effects of each approach on the self-perceived anxiety level of the subjects were determined.

The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1983) and a Subjective Units of Discomfort Scale were used to measure levels of anxiety. Data gathered from these instruments revealed that …

The Suburban Rice Farmers: Economic And Cultural Change In Japan, Makoto Chiwaki

Masters Theses

The world economic situation is forcing the Japanese government to initiate policies designed to make its rice farming industry more competitive on the world market. These new policies, along with the growth of Japan's urban areas, are causing certain stresses on the cultural institution called bunke among the part-time rice farmers in the Kaizuka region of Chiba City, Japan.

An ethnographic study of these farmers reveals that the farmers of the Kaizuka region have responded to recent changes differently from the farmers of other regions because of their cultural institutions and traditions.