Digital Commons Network^™

Prompts And Feedback As A Means Of Increasing A Customer Service Behavior In A Family Restaurant, David B. Lennox

Masters Theses

Although waiters and waitresses traditionally receive a gratuity based upon quality of service from customers, it may be difficult for them to interpret the amount of the gratuity as an indicator of good service or bad service. This ambiguity could be a result of different amounts of customer checks or faulty comparisons of total dollar amounts (total for the working shift) without taking into consideration the total dollar amount of the customer checks or the number of customers served. This study was conducted to provide accurate information for waitresses regarding gratuity percentage received from customers while monitoring its effects on …

Matching-To-Sample In The Pigeon: An Analysis Of The Effects Of Correction And Noncorrection Procedures, Deborah Lou Grossett

Masters Theses

Contradictory results concerning the effect that presence or absence of a correction procedure has on matching-to-sample were obtained by past studies (Carter and Werner, 1978; Thomas, 1979). Carter and Werner (1978) reported that exposure to a correction procedure resulted in an increase in accuracy, while Thomas (1979) found no difference between the noncorrection and correction procedures. The present study showed that exposure to a correction procedure resulted in an increase in accuracy in comparison to a noncorrection procedure during acquisition, but not during maintenance.

Past studies (Holt and Shafer, 1973; Thomas, 1979), using a correction procedure, showed that presence of …

Welfare Legislation And American Poverty Traps: Ironies And Characteristics, Theresa Villanueva, Richard J. Caston

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

We argue that legislative attempts to establish bureaucratic programs to eradicate American poverty will invariably result in ironic inconsistencies that will doom such programs to only limited or partial success. As an illustration, we examine the ironic history of the AFDC program as it has been legislated to deal with American poverty. Three sociological accounts for the ironies of welfare programming are then drawn together. One account suggests that undue concern over the work ethic has overridden more direct concern for the deprecating living conditions of the Door. A second account suggests that poverty is so functionally beneficial to a …

The Political Influence Of Older Americans, John B. Williamson, Linda Evans, Lawrence A. Powell, Sharlene Hesse-Biber

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This essay explores the future prospects for the political influence of older Americans. Some analysts contend that the next fifty years will bring a marked increase in the political influence of the elderly. Others argue that the aged are unlikely to become a significant political influence at any time in the forseeable future. We review the relevant evidence and conclude that it is not entirely consistent with either of these positions. Our analysis suggests a third alternative, that there will be a marked increase in the political resources of the elderly, which will not necessarily translate into an increase in …

Reindustrialization And The Future Of Social Welfare, Steve Burghardt, Michael Fabricant

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

"Reindustrialization" is a term of economic complexity and great, if confused, social implications to most human service workers. Human services workers can only challenge the plans envisioned by most reindustrialists if certain arguments and assumptions are understood. This article will lay out the reindustrialists plans and assumptions. It will also develop some of the reasons why such ideas, as they are now formulated, cannot work -- in terms based on common experiences highly familiar to every human service worker.

The Paleoecology Of Carbonaceous (Algal) Material In The Middle Devonian Rockport Quarry Limestone Of The Northeastern Portion Of Michegan's Lower Peninsula, Jeffrey Dean Spruit

Masters Theses

The Rockport Quarry Limestone of the Lower Traverse Group represents a sequence of laterally contemporaneous carbonate platform sediments characterized in outcrop by four facies: (l) stromatoporoid biolithite, (2) organic-mud packstone, (3) biolithite-micrite transition, and (4) micrite. In facies (l), (2) and (3) dark brown 4-micron microspheres are found grouped or singly in wispy seams of brown carbonaceous material. Three species of filamentous blue-green algae were discovered in insoluble residues of facies (l) and (2). Numerous lamellar stromatoporoids and solitary corals occur with the carbonaceous-rich sediment in facies (l). Coalescing lenses of crinoid and bryozoan debris occur with the carbonaceous sediment …

The Development Of Instructional Materials To Facilitate The Interaction Of Handicapped And Nonhandicapped Third Grade Students In Selected Parochial Schools, James Nicholas Gonwa

Dissertations

This study focused on the development and use of instructional materials for teaching handicap awareness to elementary third grade children. The purposes of the study were (1) to determine if there is a need for instructional materials to teach handicap awareness, (2) to determine how teachers and experts would use instructional materials, (3) to determine the opinions of teachers and experts about the Handicap Awareness Series developed in this study and (4) to determine the opinions of children about the Handicap Awareness Series. The materials developed in this study were evaluated as an instructional method which could be used to …

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 8, No. 4 (December 1981)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

• Reindustrialization and the Future of Social Welfare - STEVE BURGHARDT, MICHAEL FABRICANT • The Domain of Social Work: What is it? - MARY L. WARING, GERALD O'CONNOR • Sociological Perspectives on the Ecological Model - RONALD MANCOSKE • Welfare Legislation and American Poverty Traps: Ironies and Characteristics - RICHARD J. CASTON, THERESA A. VILLANUEVA • Professional Burnout: Sociocultural and Sociopolitical Perspectives - PAULA L. DRESSEL • The Political Influence of Older Americans - JOHN B. WILLIAMSON, LINDA EVANS, LAWRENCE A. POWELL, SHARLENE HESSE-BIBER • Local Government Policy on Aging: New Challenges for Old Problems - CHARLES P. SHANNON • …

The Domain Of Social Work: What Is It, Mary L. Waring, Gerald O'Connor

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Cast within a framework derived from general systems theory, the authors examine the domain of the social work profession. Domain is first defined as having several components. These are specified and fully expanded as Claimed Domain, Domain Competition, Emerging Domain and Unclaimed Domain. This elaboration is followed by a discussion of some of the constraints that impinge upon the profession's ability to define and to choose its domain.

Professional Burnout: Sociocultural And Sociopolitical Perspectives, Paula L. Dressel

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Social psychological, organizational, and administrative orientations dominate the literature on the phenarenon of professional burnout. This paper argues that sociocultural and sociopolitical perspectives offer additional insights into the issue. By the application of such perspectives we are compelled to examine how certain characteristics of social policies impact dysfunctionally on service providers as well as service recipients. Furthermore, the broader approach outlined here offers alternative intervention strategies for the alleviation or prevention of burnout than those ccomonly posed in previous literature.

Local Government Policy On Aging: New Challenges For Old Problems, Charles P. Shannon

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Historically, local government has made little effort to affect federal legislative policy on aging. The current defederalization of human service policy has created a need for local government to reexamine its role in providing services to the aged.

Early Social Security Retirement For Minorities Demographic And Philosophical Fallacies, Nathan Zirl, John Hedderson

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This article examines some of the problems and proposed solutions associated with the retirement of minority members, particularly early retirement within the Social Security System. We also discuss the failure of the Reagan administration's 1981 attempts to change social security benefits.

The State Correction Officer As Keeper And Counselor: An Empirical Investigation Of The Role, Robert B. Blair, Clifford M. Black, Henry J. Long

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper addresses two essential research needs in criminal justice literature: (1) the need for an assessment of the content of the role of block officer; and (2) the need for an empirical test of the presumed irreconcilable goals of custody and treatment as these are embedded in the role of state correction officer. A Task Inventory approach was adapted and a random sample of 100 correction officers in four heterogeneous state institutions were interviewed. Results of the study reveal that custodial staff spend at least sixty-percent of their on-job time performing duties not classified as security in nature. Results …

A Comparison Of Reading And Listening Performances Of Braille And Print Readers, Betty P. Zook

Masters Theses

Blind and sighted subjects were tested on their capability to retain information after both reading and listening to specially prepared printed and taped materials. The sample consisted of graduate students and professional individuals. It was found that, on the average, subjects retained more after reading than listening. This effect was more pronounced in the braille reading subjects. As the level of complexity of the material increased, the difference in the points earned between the two modalities, reading and listening, increased significantly. A behavioral analysis suggested some reasons for this difference. It was suggested that further research into reading and listening …

Western News, November 24, 1981, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Board approves mid-year tuition; fees increases, Harkenrider discusses financial aid reliefs, Business Center named for entrepreneur John E. Fetzer, Student is Ebony Fashion Fair model on U.S. tour, Libraries set hours for Thanksgiving break, Board appoints Akers; promotes Passkiewicz, University wins Energy Management Award, Dietrich named to national advisory council

Wmu Board Of Trustees Regular Meeting November 20, 1981, Wmu Board Of Trustees

WMU Board of Trustees Meetings

• Acceptance of the Agenda
• Minutes
• Correspondence
• Remarks by the President
• Academic Personnel Report
• Non-Academic Personnel Report
• Gift and Grant Report
• Recommendation re Winter Semester 1982 Tuition
• Naming of the Business Development Center
• Authorization to Confer Degrees
• Board Committee Reports
• Public Comments
• Adjournment

Western News, November 12, 1981, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Noted industrialists to speak to Detroit area alumni, More than 60 faculty; staff and emeriti volunteer to participate in mentor program, Telephone directories issued; money-saving tips noted, Rides to MSU; U of M libraries to begin

Western News, November 5, 1981, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Parents Day; Brown and Gold Day to attract 3,200 Saturday, Freshmen here found brighter than at other schools, Panel to review communications audit results, Grant enables Council for Humanities to be formed by Council of College Presidents, Jimenez named fellow in Washington, Woman Researcher Conference is Friday

Western News, October 8, 1981, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Merze Tate establishes research-information center, Mindpower: The real energy of society; backers say, Academic Convocation to be Tuesday, Grand Rapids Consortium Center reorganized, Senate OKs new policy on staff studies

The Westerner Vol. 2 No. 2, Western Michigan University

The Westerner (1980-1997)

• University still faces fiscal crisis, Bernhard declares in address • Tate establishes information center • WESTOPS opens for business • Kalamazoo All-Business campaign sets $150,000 goal • Contract signed with AAUP • Clark Equipment gives $25,000 to campaign • 'Laundered' money returned to student • A stadium is for touchdowns, not puddly-eyed fathers at commencement • OT offers re-entry program • Mindpower: the real energy of society • Board passes Mindpower resolution • Brinn, Beam assume posts with Board • Sports • Wonderling: not the traditional AD: How WMU's new athletic director views financial pressures, the future of intercollegiate …

Children's Perceptions Of Oral And Silent Reading, Duane R. Tovey

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The traditional common-sense way to teach reading has been viewed as a process of helping individual children "sound-out" unrecognized words as they read orally with their peers and teacher following along in a text. If a word is miscalled or not at tempted, both the teacher and children are eager to offer the pronunciation. Besides the embarrassment which accompanies such a practice (Holt, 1969), this simplistic mechanistic approach tends to condition children to view reading as a word-centered oral activity. Perceiving reading as a visual meaning-centered process is the last thing many children think of (Doake, 1976; Tovey, 1976).

The Context Of Comprehension, Jerome A. Niles, Larry A. Harris

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

We enter the teachers' lounge at Woodmere School, where Mrs. Stephens and Ms. Kelly are asking Mrs. Forester, the reading teacher, for advice in developing an effective program in reading comprehension. Mrs. Stephens describes the comprehension ability of each of her students. She is confident that she accurately diagnosed her students as either good comprehenders or poor comprehenders. To do so she administered a test and interpreted the results. Ms. Kelly administered the same test but she is not as comfortable as her colleague in categorizing her readers' abilities.

Divide And Conquer: Syllabication Assessment And Older Students, Jbernard P. Floriani, John T. Wolinski

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The authors describe the development of an informal syllabication instrument which has been useful in determining strengths and weaknesses of secondary students' word attack ability.

The Reading Specialist's Role As Perceived By Reading Specialists, Administrators, Special Education Instructors, And Classroom Teachers, Kathleen M. Ngandu, Carolyn B. Strum

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Do different school staff members agree on the importance of various roles a reading specialist may perform? This article reports the opinions of reading specialists, as well as beliefs of the administrators, special education instructors, and classroom teachers regarding roles of the reading specialist.

Western News, September 17, 1981, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Governor expected to order 4.5 percent cut in state budget for all of higher education, Awards given students in science program, Official AAUP ratification vote is today, Classification; compensation study to start, Ziring on invited three-week trip to Asia, Struck named program officer in DRSP

Western News, September 10, 1981, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Lemrow to head Intellectual Skills Development, Hearing is Wednesday for suspect in murder, Priorities Project opinions sought, Team care health conference begins Friday, Senate creates PRR Screening Committee

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 8, No. 3 (September 1981)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Table of Contents

• Abusers of Clients of Women's Shelter: Their Socialization and Resources - M. M. Brown, B. E. Aguirre, Carol Jorgensen
• An Examination of Public Housing in the United States after Forty Years - Mary Jo Huth
• Services Aren't Goods: Post-Industrial Principles for Policy Design - Howell S. Baum
• Native American Elderly Formal and Informal Support Systems - Gregory R. Versen
• Factors Affecting the Economic Status of Elderly Chicanos - Alejandro Garcia
• The Future of Welfare Programs in the United States: Four Approaches - Wim Weiwel
• The Reagan Election and Mandate: Their Fiscal Policy Implications for the Welfare State …

Criminal Justice Student Views Of The Criminal Justice System: The Impact Of Education And Self-Selection And Their Implications For The Human Services, Belinda Rodgers Mccarthy, Bernard Jerome Mccarthy

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The present study examines criminal justice student views of the criminal justice system. The purpose of the research is to investigate issues surrounding the influence of self-selection and criminal justice education on the opinions of criminal justice students toward the criminal justice system.

The research suggests that students choose criminal justice careers in part because their personal philosophies mirror the conflicting objectives of the criminal justice system. Criminal justice education seems to influence criminal justice student views of the criminal justice system, but in a direction that may make the transition to employment in criminal justice agencies a more difficult …

The Future Of Welfare Programs In The United States: Four Approaches, Wim Weiwel

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

There are many theories which attempt to explain why the United States has become a welfare state. Four main approaches can be distinguished which focus on 1) the maintenance of social order; 2) welfare as empowerment; 3) welfare as an expression of egalitarianism; and 4) welfare as contributing to economic growth.

Similarly, there are many predictions about the likely future of the welfare state. They can be related to the four approaches which analyze the welfare state's historical origins and current function. The aim of this article is to clarify the debate about the future by relating the different predictions …

The Reagan Election And Mandate: Their Fiscal Policy Implications For The Welfare State, James Fendrich, Douglas St. Angelo

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper has three main thrusts. The first searches the Reagan campaign, the 1980 Republican Platform, the election and survey results to determine whether or not Reagan can creditably lay claim to a mandate for his social policies. The second thrust investigates the 1982 Reagan spending and taxing programs. Our purpose here is to ascertain if those policies denote major new directions in U.S. social policy. Our third purpose involves an assessment of the Reagan fiscal policies upon the U.S. economy.

This study concludes: (1) Reagan can claim a mandate for much of his social policies, (2) the Reagan fiscal …