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Three Weeks Of Detraining Does Not Decrease Muscle Thickness, Strength Or Sport Performance In Adolescent Athletes, Simon Gavanda, Stephan Geisler, Oliver J. Quittmann, Helen Bauhaus, Thorsten Schiffer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 633-644, 2020. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of detraining following a block (BLOCK) or daily undulating periodized (DUP) resistance training (RT) on hypertrophy, strength, and athletic performance in adolescent athletes. Twenty-one males (age = 16 ± 0.7 years; range 15-18 years) were randomly assigned to one of two 12-week intervention groups (three full-body RT sessions per week): BLOCK (n = 9); DUP (n = 12). Subsequently a three-week detraining period was applied. Body mass, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass, muscle thickness (rectus femoris, vastus …

Momentum During A Running Competition: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods Study, Vincent Gosselin Boucher, Sandra Pelaez, Andrée-Anne Parent, Jacques Plouffe, Alain Steve Comtois

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(5): 615-632, 2020. The purpose of this study was to better understand the psychological momentum (PM) in varsity cross-country competitive runners during a 3000 m selection trials. A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used: recruitment trial race day (quantitative) and interview day (qualitative + maximal aerobic running speed [MARS]). Sample was consisted of fifteen university distance runners (n = six women [25.9 ± 7.0 years old; 22.2 ± 1.8 BMI] and nine men [23.2 ± 2.4 years old; 22.6 ± 1.6 BMI]). During the recruitment trial race, athletes’ MARS was measured and used …

High Supervised Resistance Training In Elderly Women: The Role Of Supervision Ratio, Denis Cesar Leite Vieira, Dahan Da Cunha Nascimento, Vitor Tajra, Tatiane Gomes Teixeira, Darlan Lopes De Farias, Ramires Tibana, Alessandro Oliveira Silva, Thiago Santos Rosa, Milton Rocha Moraes, Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli, James W. Navalta, Jonato Prestes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(3): 597-606, 2020. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of very high supervision (VHS-RT) versus high supervision (HS-RT) ratio resistance training (RT) on irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF), muscle strength, functional capacity, and body composition in elderly women. Participants performed daily undulating periodized RT over 16 weeks with two different supervision ratios: VHS-RT at 1:2 (supervisor/subject) or HS-RT at 1:5. Serum was used to analyze brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and irisin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, while functional capacity was evaluated using …

Acute Ultraviolet Light Exposure And Post-Resistance Exercise Serum Testosterone: A Pilot Study In Older Men, Shayan Emamjomeh, Luis E. Segura, Joshua A. Cotter, Evan E. Schick

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 607-614, 2020. Testosterone deficiency is linked to a multitude of conditions including depression, sexual dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. Although synthetic testosterone-boosting pharmaceuticals have gained wide use, recent data suggests that vitamin D, ingested orally, may positively impact serum testosterone. Furthermore, evidence tying ultraviolet (UV) light exposure to endogenous vitamin D synthesis presents an intriguing possibility for naturally enhancing serum testosterone. This investigation sought to determine the effect of acute UV light exposure on resistance exercise-induced acute testosteronemia and vitamin D in older men. Six older adult men of varying activity levels (age 62 ± …

Effect Of Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise On Whole-Body Fat Oxidation And Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Cell Signaling In Overweight Women, Hashim Islam, Marysa M.W. Smith, Trisha D. Scribbans, Emma Mccrady, Laura N. Castellani, Matti D. Allen, David C. Wright, Craig A. Simpson, Brendon J. Gurd

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 554-566, 2020. Exercise-induced alterations in adipose tissue insulin and/or β-adrenergic signaling may contribute to increases in whole-body fat oxidation following acute exercise. Thus, we examined changes in insulin (Akt, AS160) and β-adrenergic (PKA) signaling proteins in subcutaneous adipose tissue and whole-body fat oxidation in overweight women following acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Overweight females completed two experimental sessions in a randomized order: 1) control (bed rest) and 2) HIIE (10 x 4 min running intervals at 90% HR_max, 2-min recovery). Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from 10 participants before (pre-), …

Online Shoppers Spending On Fresh Produce; Do Those On Government Assistance Spend Less?, Wyatt Tucker Lucas

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This study applies an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model to explain differences in the amount that online shoppers might spend per month on fresh produce, given specific consumer characteristics. It also uses a multinomial logit model to determine the relative probability of online shoppers spending more or less, given specific consumer characteristics. The independent variable of interest in both models is whether or not the respondent is a recipient of a government assistance food program. These analyses used data from a stratified random sample of 1,205 online shoppers residing in the southern region of the United States. “Online shoppers” in …

Bodyweight Management And Relationship To Health In The Horse (Equus Caballus), Beverly Ann Gartland

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The health of the horse is of interest to animal caretakers. Horses that fall within a prescribed range of bodyweight and body condition may be healthier than horses that are lower or higher. Two studies were conducted related to body weight and condition of the horse. The first study examined if restricting the amount of space available for horses to graze could reduce bodyweight without having a strong impact on time budgets of the horse or removing horses from pasture. This method was determined to be effective in preventing weight gain, although there was an increase in grazing behavior displayed …

Is Physical Activity During Late Pregnancy Related To Infant Body Composition At Birth?, Brenna Menke

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Exercise is typically regarded as having a positive impact on maternal and infant health. However, the relationship between maternal physical activity and infant body composition is unclear. The aim of this project was to determine how a physically active lifestyle during late pregnancy influences infant anthropometrics at birth. Pregnant women (34-39 weeks gestation) with low-risk pregnancies were given the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) and an accelerometer to wear on their non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days. Approximately 24-48 hours after delivery, infant body composition was assessed utilizing air displacement plethysmography at the patients’ bedside. Fifty-five pregnant women participated (age: …

Effects Of Bingocize® On Overall Physical Activity, Functional Performance, Blood Glucose Level, Sleep Quantity, And Quality Among Older Adults In Assisted-Living Facilities, Sepehr Rassi

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Bingocize® has been established as an effective falls prevention exercise program for older adults, but its effects on older adults residing in assisted-living facilities have not been examined. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of Bingocize® on overall physical activity level, functional performance, blood glucose level, sleep quantity and quality in older adults who live in assisted-living facilities. Participants (N = 13; mean age 86.23 ± 3.90) were asked to participate in Bingocize® while wearing activity trackers (Fitbit Charge 3 HR) for 10 weeks. The activity trackers were used to assess the average number of steps …

Reliability And Validity Of An Assessment Of Engagement In Nursing Home Residents During Bingocize®, Elizabeth Batson Apelt

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Research suggests nursing home residents are often socially isolated and physically inactive despite overwhelming evidence that both social engagement and physical activity are crucial for healthy aging (Jones, Sung, & Moyle, 2018; Yen & Lin, 2018; Ice, 2002; Jansson et al., 2017). Bingocize® is a program that combines exercise and the game of Bingo to improve the quality of life, physical health, and social engagement of certified nursing facility (CNF) residents. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of social engagement displayed by CNF residents during Bingocize® using the Fun and Social Engagement Evaluation (FUSE). Reliability and …

Improving Sustainability Using Cover Crop Grazing To Improve Soil Health And Fertility While Increasing Grain And Livestock Production, Kylie Paige Ewing

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Cover crops have become an increasingly popular option for alleviating agronomic and environmental concerns, such as erosion. Dual utilization can increase forage use efficiency and increase immediate economic return but understanding the impact on soil health and grain production may affect viability of this strategy. In a two year study conducted in Bowling Green, Kentucky, soil health was analyzed comparing three treatments: grazed wheat (Triticum aestivum; WGR) to un-grazed wheat (W) and grazed tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea; TF). Sixteen cow calf pairs were randomly allocated to grazed wheat or tall fescue for two weeks. Soil samples were analyzed following grazing …

Factors Influencing Both Maternal And Infant Body Composition At Two Years Postpartum, Samantha Henry

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Maternal body composition (BC) and physical activity (PA) level during pregnancy both contribute to infant body composition; however, few studies follow children beyond the early weeks to determine the longer-term implications of maternal lifestyle on offspring health. The purpose of this study was threefold: 1) Determine the role of maternal obesity on offspring BC at 2 years of age; 2) Determine the role of PA during pregnancy on maternal and infant BC at two years postpartum; and 3) Determine whether BC at birth (assessed via air displacement plethysmography [PEA POD]) is related to BC at two years of age (assessed …

Toxicity Of Novel Platinum Compounds In Mammalian Cancer Cells, Vanesa Veletanlic

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

There are currently three FDA platinum compounds approved for use as chemotherapeutics, where each drug has variable efficacies for different cancer types depending on cancer’s tissue of origin. The approved compounds are platinum(II) complexes with four coordination sites on the platinum atom allowing two types of ligands to attach: leaving ligands, which are removed from the platinum atom in solution, and non-leaving ligands, which remain complexed to the platinum. Carboplatin, the preferred compound used to treat ovarian and small-cell lung cancers, has a characteristic cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid leaving ligand and two ammonia non-leaving ligands. A novel compound, 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(ethylenediamine)platinum (II), or Pt(en)CBDCA, …

Estimation Of Body Fat Percentage In Jockeys: Implications For A Weight Category Sport, Arthur Dunne, Giles Warrington, Gillian O'Loughlin, Siobhan O'Connor, Michael Harrison, Adrian Mcgoldrick, Jennifer Pugh, Sarahjane Cullen

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 511-525, 2020. The assessment of body composition in horse racing, a unique weight-restricted sport, provides an important health and performance indicator. The accuracy of skinfold prediction equations at estimating % body fat (% BF) was compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data in a group of professional Irish jockeys (age 27.5 ± 7.7 years). Body composition was assessed in seventy-two male professional jockeys (flat n=35 and national hunt n=37) using standardised guidelines for skinfold thickness at 8 sites and DXA body fat assessment. Hydration status was assessed using urine specific gravity (Usg) to determine …

Large Inter-Individual Differences In Responses To A Block Of High Intensity Aerobic Interval Training: A Case Series In National-Level Cyclists And Triathletes, Solfrid Bratland-Sanda, Frank G. Pedersen, Marius N. Haave, Jan Helgerud, Øyvind Støren

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 480-487, 2020. The aim was to investigate individual responses on VO_2maxand performance to a block of high intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) in national-level endurance athletes. METHODS: National-level cyclists and triathletes (five men and two women, 31 ± 3.3 years, VO_2max65.1 ± 3.3 ml·kg^-1·min^-1) conducted 14 HIIT sessions (4x4 min uphill running at 90-95% maximal heart rate) in nine days during preseason. VO_2maxin running and cycling, lactate threshold (LT) in cycling, oxygen cost of cycling (C_C), and a cycling time-trial (TT) were …

Buckberry, Ray B., Jr., B. 1934 - Collector (Mss 688), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and digital scans for some files for Manuscripts Collection 688. Material collected by Bowling Green, Kentucky attorney, Ray B. Buckberry, Jr. for presentations he prepared about the history of grocery stores locally and nationally and about Operation Tiger, the practice battle for D-Day on Slapton Sands, Devon, England on 28 April 1944 during World War II.

Step Count Reliability And Validity Of Five Wearable Technology Devices While Walking And Jogging In Both A Free Motion Setting And On A Treadmill, Jeffrey Montes, Richard Tandy, John Young, Szu-Ping Lee, James Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(7): 410-426, 2020. Wearable technology devices are used by millions of people who use daily step counts to promote healthy lifestyles. However, the accuracy of many of these devices has not been determined. The purpose was to determine reliability and validity of the Samsung Gear 2, FitBit Surge, Polar A360, Garmin Vivosmart HR+, and the Leaf Health Tracker when walking and jogging in free motion and treadmill conditions. Forty volunteers completed walking and jogging free motion and treadmill protocols of 5-minute intervals. The devices were worn simultaneously in randomized configurations. The mean of two manual …

Outdoor Time Is Not Associated With Metabolically Healthy Overweight And Obesity Phenotype In Canadian Children Aged 6-14 Years, Brittany Rioux, Neeru Gupta, Danielle Bouchard, James Dunbar, Martin Senechal

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 383-394, 2020. A large proportion of children living with obesity have favorable cardiometabolic profiles despite their adiposity levels, who are referred to as metabolically healthy overweight or obese (MHO). However, the contribution of active outdoor time to the MHO phenotype is unknown. The purposeof this study was to investigate the association between outdoor time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with the MHO phenotype. A cross-sectional analysis of overweight/obese children aged 6-14 (n= 386) from the Canadian Health Measures Survey was performed. Outdoor time was self-reported using five questions in relation to …

Heart Rate Responses During Simulated Fire Ground Scenarios Among Full-Time Firefighters, Quincy R. Johnson, Jonathan Goatcher, Cody L. Diehl, Robert G. Lockie, Robin Marc Orr, Brent Alvar, Doug Smith, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 374-382, 2020. Simulated fire ground scenarios (SFGS) provide firefighters with an opportunity to maintain skills, receive feedback, and optimize performance. Although there is extensive research on heart rate (HR) changes in the firefighter population, few examine the differences between positions. Firefighters are primarily responsible for fire suppression and control (23), officers for emergency operations and organizational management, paramedics for providing on-scene emergency medical care, and drivers are responsible for driving the fire apparatus. Utilizing HR analysis to quantify the physical demands of SFGS among firefighting crews by position. Sixty-seven male (age: 38.97 ± 9.17; …

Metabolic Costs Of A 58-Minute Multi-Intensity Exercise Session With And Without Music And Cueing, Cecilia Guerrero, Robbin Tran, Elizabeth Gutierrez, Candice Campbell, Jade Rodgers, Michelle Alencar, Jan Schroeder

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 358-365, 2020. It is unclear if the presence or absence of music and cueing influence total energy expenditure (TEE) during a multi-intensity exercise program. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between TEE with or without music and cueing during a 58-minute exercise session using heart rate estimation (HRe) and indirect calorimetry (IC). Using a randomized crossover design, 22 participants (6 males; 16 females; 27.64 ± 10.33 yrs.) were randomized into two groups (Group A = 11; Group B = 11). All participants performed the same 58-minute exercise session under two …

Improvements In Bilateral Differences In Lean Mass And Strength In Persons With Parkinson’S Disease Presenting Unilateral Motor Symptoms, Jessica Elizondo, Ashlee Shields, Annie Bane, Lorraine Wilson, Lindsay Edwards, Donna Walls, Jill Jumper, Susan Teel, Martha Smallwood

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD), individuals present altered motor symptoms such as rigidity, tremors and bradykinesia. These motor symptoms typically present in the early stages of PD unilaterally. Resistance training with instability (RTI) and cadence walking (CW) are effective in improving markers of fragility and motor function. The benefit of combining RTI and CW and its effects on lean mass and strength hav not been studied. PURPOSE: to examine the effects of RTI, CW and RTI+CW on lean mass in affected and unaffected sides and strength in persons with PD. METHODS: individuals diagnosed with mild to moderate …

Improvements In The 8-Dimensions Of The Parkinson’S Disease Quality Of Life Questionnaire After 8-Weeks Of Resistance Training With Instability And/Or Cadence Walking In Persons With Mild To Moderate Parkinson’S Disease, Rebecca Sipes, Elizabeth Condor, Annie Bane, Lorraine Wilson, Jill Jumper, Lindsay Edwards, Susan Teel, Donna Walls, Martha Smallwood

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physical activity helps slow the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Resistance training with iPhysical activity helps slow the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Resistance training with instability (RTI) and cadence walking (CW) add an additional skill (compared to resistance training and walking alone) to improve neuromuscular connections and blood flow to the brain during exercise. A cross-training exercise regimen, combining both resistance training and walking (RTI+CW), has not been studied to determine its effect on the progression of Parkinson’s disease. PURPOSE: to examine the changes in the 8-dimensions of the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ39) (mobility, activities of daily living (ADL), …

Improvements In Markers Of Fragility After 8-Weeks Of Resistance Training With Instability And/Or Cadence Walking In Persons With Mild To Moderate Parkinson’S Disease, Amanda Jones, Erin Smith, Annie Bane, Lorraine Wilson, Lindsay Edwards, Jill Jumper, Susan Teel, Donna Walls, Martha Smallwood

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD), resistance training with instability (RTI) and cadence walking (CW) are effective in improving markers of fragility and motor function. The benefit of combining RTI and CW to markers of fragility and motor function in individuals with PD has not been studied. PURPOSE: to examine the effects of RTI, CW and RTI+CW on markers of fragility (6-minute walk (6MW), timed-up-and-go (TUG), walking speed, stride-to-stride variability and handgrip strength) in individuals with PD. METHODS: individuals diagnosed with mild to moderate PD (N=18 ( 6 female, 12 males); MHY stage=1.53 + 0.50; age = 63.67 …

Effects Of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Phytochemicals Supplementation And Aerobic Exercise Training On Inflammatory And Hormonal Markers In Rats Fed Atherogenic Diet, Maria V. Aguirre, Sarah L. Ullevig, Li Li Ji, Tianou Zhang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Westernized diet and sedentary lifestyle may exacerbate systemic inflammation and provoke hormonal changes. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) derived phytochemicals Oleocanthal (Oleo) and Oleacein (Olea) demonstrate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of Oleo/Olea supplementation and aerobic exercise training (AET) on plasma inflammatory cytokines and hormones in rats fed high fat atherogenic diet. METHODS: Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an atherogenic diet consisting of 1.25% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 12 weeks. Half of the rats were supplemented with 20% EVOO containing high Oleo/Olea (1000 mg/kg, HO, …

The Effect Of Acute And Chronic Thermotherapy On Type 2 Diabetic Skeletal Muscle Cell Viability And Gene Expression: Pilot Study, Louay Bachnak, Jean Sparks, Xavier F. Gonzales, Daniel Newmire, Felix Omoruyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease affecting millions of people globally. Type 2 diabetes is associated with insulin resistance or a defective secretion of insulin from the pancreas. The skeletal muscle system accounts for 80% of glucose uptake and is a vital player in healthy aging and muscle mass maintenance. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thermotherapy on gene expression and cell viability in Type 2 Diabetic skeletal muscle. METHODS: Human skeletal muscle myoblast (HSMM) and Diabetic Type 2 human skeletal muscle myoblast (D-HSMM) (Lonza Inc, Walkersville, MD) were cultured until 90% confluency was, …

Disuse Atrophy Occurs Without A Change In Mitochondrial Respiratory Control Ratio During Hindlimb Unloading In Mice, Indu Reddy Enukonda, Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell, David E. Lee, Jacob L. Brown, Richard A. Perry, Tyrone A. Washington, Nicholas P. Greene, Michael P. Wiggs

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skeletal muscle atrophy commonly occurs during prolonged periods of inactivity, however, the precise mechanisms that cause muscle atrophy have yet to be determined. Specifically, a controversy exists on whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a cause or consequence of disuse muscle atrophy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if a change in the respiratory control ratio, which is a ratio of maximal O₂ respiration to leak respiration, could be detected prior to muscle atrophy in a time-course study in mice. METHODS: Disuse atrophy was induced using hindlimb unloading (HU) in adult, C57BL/6J male mice for 0 …

Replicating Intermittent Fasting In Human Skeletal Muscle Cells: A Pilot Study, Lael K. Ceriani, Felix Omoruyi, Jean Sparks, Daniel E. Newmire, Xavier F. Gonzales

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Type 2 diabetes (T2D), the most common form of diabetes (90-95% of diagnoses), is marked by decreased insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance) or a defect in insulin secretion. T2D disrupts nutrient signaling where the body cannot maintain adequate blood glucose levels. Inability to receive glucose in skeletal muscle due to insulin resistance in T2D results in oxidative stress and increased muscle atrophy. Properly regulated glucose uptake is pivotal for healthy aging and maintenance of the skeletal muscle system. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of nutrient deprivation on human skeletal muscle metabolism, with an emphasis …

A Comparison Of High-Intensity Interval Running And Tabata On Post-Exercise Metabolism, Lauren E. Pate

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is unclear how post-exercise metabolism would compare following the completion of 2 different modes of high-intensity exercise. PURPOSE: Compare the effects of high-intensity interval running (HIIR) and Tabata when performed at a similar duration and intensity. METHODS: Recreationally active individuals (n = 7; 6F, 1M; age = 22.2 ± 2.1 yrs; body mass = 64.2 ± 12.0 kg; body fat% = 26.2±3.1) completed 1) a rest bout, 2) a Tabata bout using only body callisthenic exercises, and 3) a bout of high-intensity interval running (HIIR) on a motorized treadmill. Participants performed each of the 3 bouts on separate …

Clinical Case Study Abstract For Cervical Radiculopathy, Kendell Burgess, Vered Arbel, Terry Nicola, Tal Amasay

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

CASE HISTORY: The Patient was an 84-year-old male who presented with right arm tremors, right arm spasms, numbness and tingling. The patient stated that the numbness and tingling begun in the right fingers and radiated up to the right side of the neck. The pain is worse while driving and walking, especially over uneven surfaces. The pain did not inhibit his ADLs. He took Tylenol PM for the pain, though infrequently. The patient has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), type 2 diabetes mellitus, foot pain, ankle pain, swelling of lower limb, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. PHYSICAL EXAM: Patient presented …

Case Presentation For Lumbar Radiculopathy Consistent With Foraminal Stenosis And Herniated Nucleus Pulpous, Obed Liera Sanchez, Vered Arbel, Terry Nicola, Tal Amasay

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CASE HISTORY: The patient was a 38-year-old male who presented with right lower extremity (LE) pain when performing lower back movements, with no specific low back pain. He stated that five months ago he felt an aching in his calves after performing a Romanian Deadlift, with shooting pain in his right lower extremity that radiated below the knee into the calf including paresthesia. The patient started a prednisone taper that helped relieve some of the symptoms, but after two weeks the symptoms resurfaced. The pain prevented him from exercising or performing certain ADLs. PHYSICAL EXAM: Examination of the …