Digital Commons Network^™

Dose Effect Of Whey Protein On Gut Hormone Responses In Pre-Diabetics And Type 2 Diabetics, Christopher Irvine, Todd Castleberry, Michael Oldham, Matthew Brisebois, Sarah E. Deemer, Ryan Gordon, Aubrien Henderson, Vic Ben-Ezra

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

GLP-1 and GIP have been shown to increase following a 50 g dose of whey protein prior to a high glycemic load in type 2 diabetics. However, this increase is reduced in diabetics compared to healthy individuals. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) also increase, while ghrelin decreases after the consumption of whey protein; however, it is not known if a similar hormone response occurs with a lower dose of whey protein prior to a glycemic load or if there is a dose effect. Our hypothesis was that 20 g and 30 g of whey protein would increase …

A Family History Of Type 2 Diabetes May Impair Glucose Area Under The Curve In Young, Healthy Hispanics, Cesar Meza, Manuel Amador, Mario Garcia, Christopher Figueroa, Andrew Mcainch, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with impaired glucose homeostasis and blood lipid profiles. Further, a family history of diabetes (FH) increases the risk for development of insulin resistance. However, it is unclear whether a FH impairs glucose tolerance, blood glucose and lipid profiles in young, healthy, normoglycemic adults. PURPOSE: To investigate whether a FH impairs glucose tolerance and blood lipid profile in healthy, sedentary Hispanic males. METHODS: 22 sedentary, normoglycemic, Mexican American males (mean±SEM: age:23±0.56 yrs; BMI: 26.9±0.98 kg/m²) with/without FH participated in the study. Glucose tolerance was assessed by calculating glucose area under …

A Preschool Obesity Prevention Program Is Associated With Improvements On Physical Activity Quality, Fernando Juarez Jr., Azeem A. Hussain, Shiyu Li, Vanessa Estrada, Jill Johnstone, Zenong Yin, Erica Sosa

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Míranos! Look at Us We Are Healthy (Míranos!) is an eight-week pilot intervention to promote healthy weight gain in low-income preschool Latino children aged 3-5 years. A major focus is to increase time spent in physical activity level, especially moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during play time and improve class instruction quality. According to one published study, preschool children spent only 14% of play session time in MVPA and 73% in sedentary activity (Tandon, 2015). PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of the Míranos! pilot intervention on the quality (lesson context, and health promotion interactions) and level of …

Effects Of A Head Start Obesity Prevention Pilot On Preschoolers’ Physical Activity, Shiyu Li, Azeem A. Hussain, Fernando Juarez, Vanessa Estrada, Erica Sosa, Derek P. Hales, Zenong Yin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Regular participation in physical activity (PA) is important for the healthy growth and development of preschoolers. The Míranos! Look at Us We Are Healthy (Míranos!) is an obesity prevention intervention with age-appropriate structured and unstructured outdoor/indoor play and classroom activities led by teacher. As an objective instrument to provide information on human movements, accelerometer can accurately identify the levels of physical activity and assess the effects of physical activity intervention. PURPOSE: to evaluate the effects of an 8-week Míranos! pilot intervention on increasing physical activity levels during school time in preschoolers. METHODS: Study participants were children aged 3-5 years enrolled …

An Eight-Week Physical Activity Intervention Is Associated With Gross Motor Skills In Preschool Children, Azeem A. Hussain, Fernando Juarez Jr., Shiyu Li, Vanessa Estrada, Jill Johnstone, Erica T. Sosa, Zenong Yin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The preschool age (three to five years old) is critical in developing gross motor skills. Additionally, children with higher fundamental movement skills are more likely to participate in high levels of physical activity (Han, Fu, Cobley, & Sanders, 2018). PURPOSE: To determine if the eight-week physical activity (PA) pilot intervention program is associated with gross motor development in preschool children ages three to five years old. METHODS: Study participants were 35 children (average age=3.74 (SD 0.74); 82.67% Hispanics, 8.57% African American, 2.86% white, and 5.71% others) enrolled in two Head Start Centers in San Antonio, Texas. Gross motor …

Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation During Plantarflexion Exercise In Young-Old And Older-Old Adults, Arun Maharaj, Salvador J. Jaime, Justin Mason, Patrick Saracino, Arturo Figueroa

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The aging process is associated with a gradual decrease in exercise performance, leg muscle blood flow and oxygenation, and endothelial vascular reactivity. Purpose: To examine potential differences in femoral artery flow-mediated dilation (fa-FMD) and calf muscle oxygenation (HbO₂) during low-intensity plantarflexion exercise in older adults. Methods: 43 young-old (YO; n=24, 67 ± 1 years) and older-old (OO: n=19, 70 ± 1 years) individuals were included in this study. We measured body fat % and leg lean mass (LLM) by DEXA and handgrip maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using a dynamometer. VO_2max was estimated using a submaximal treadmill test. …

Fish-Oils Protect Against Hepatic Inflammation Following Lps Stimulation, Megan L. Schaller, Dakota R. Kamm, Matthew P. Harris, Ken A. Witt, Karin E. Sandoval, Joshua S. Wooten

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 FA) have shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties; however, it remains unclear if w-3 FA can provide protection against LPS induced inflammation in hepatic tissue. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of dietary fat on hepatic cytokine gene expression and secretion following LPS stimulation. METHODS: Male C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of four diet groups for 32 weeks: low-fat lard (LFL, 10% fat), low-fat fish-oil (LFFO, 10% fat), high-fat lard (HFL, 41% fat), or high-fat fish-oil (HFFO, 41% fat). Hepatic gene expression and release of cytokines were induced by incubating liver tissue (100 mg) …

Behavior Change Techniques And Physical Activity Using The Fitbit Flex®, Emily E. Dunn, Jennifer Robertson-Wilson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 561-574, 2018. Due to the availability of low-cost accelerometers, there has been an increase in the adoption of physical activity monitors (e.g., Fitbit®) (14) accompanied by a desire to understand the behavior change techniques (BCTs; 15) present in such monitors. One specific Fitbit® monitor incorporates 20 BCTs (15), but how users experience these BCTs has yet to be explored. The purpose of this study was to explore user’s experience with the Fitbit Flex® regarding physical activity behavior and BCTs. The specific research objectives were to: 1) describe Fitbit Flex® users and 2) explore user’s …

Current State Of Commercial Wearable Technology In Physical Activity Monitoring 2015-2017, Jennifer Bunn, James W. Navalta, Charles J. Fountaine, Joel Reece

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 503-515, 2018. Wearable physical activity trackers are a popular and useful method to collect biometric information at rest and during exercise. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize recent findings of wearable devices for biometric information related to steps, heart rate, and caloric expenditure for several devices that hold a large portion of the market share. Searches were conducted in both PubMed and SPORTdiscus. Filters included: humans, within the last 5 years, English, full-text, and adult 19+ years. Manuscripts were retained if they included an exercise component of 5-min or greater and …

An Evaluation Of Select Physical Activity Exercise Classes On Bone Metabolism, Tori M. Stone, Jonathan E. Wingo, John C. Young, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 452-461, 2018. Weight-bearing physical activity can optimize bone mass early in life and prevent the development of osteoporosis. However, less is known about the potential benefits of non-weight-bearing activities. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of structured physical activity classes on bone metabolism. Twenty-eight premenopausal women, aged 18–35 years who were either enrolled in a yoga class (n=14) or cardio-kickboxing class (n=14) voluntarily consented to participate. Both classes were introductory classes meeting twice per week for 50 min per session for 12 weeks. Anteroposterior spine (L1-L4), hip (dual femur), and …

Comparison Of Techniques For Tracking Body Composition Changes Across A Basketball Season, Ashley Ploudre, Jerry Mayhew

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 425-438, 2018. Body composition assessment has become an integral part of athletes’ training schedules. Questions remain concerning the accuracy of various methods to track body composition changes over a competitive year cycle. The purpose of this study was to compare various methods of tracking body composition across a college women’s basketball season. Fourteen Division II women (age = 20.1 ± 1.2 y) were measured prior to the season (T1), after pre-season conditioning (T2), at mid-season (T3), and at the end of the season (T4) using skinfolds (SKF), two bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) devices, and …

Comparison Of Body Composition Measurements In Lean Female Athletes, Carly L. Houska, Jessica D. Kemp, Jamal S. Niles, Amy Morgan, Robin M. Tucker, Mary-Jon Ludy

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 417-424, 2018. This study compared body composition measurements in lean female athletes. The primary objective was to compare the accuracy of percent body fat (%BF) determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), air-displacement plethysmography (ADP), and underwater weighing (UWW) in female Division I cheerleaders (n = 10 bases, 6 back-spots, and 12 flyers) from two universities. The secondary objective was to compare health risk predicted by %BF to body mass index (BMI) categorizations. UWW was considered the gold standard for assessing %BF. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between methods. Repeated measures …

The Effect Of Acute L-Carnitine And Carbohydrate Intake On Cycling Performance, Boe M. Burrus, Brian M. Moscicki, Tracey D. Matthews, Vincent J. Paolone

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 404-416, 2018. Chronic supplementation of L-carnitine and carbohydrate has been reported to increase L-carnitine content in skeletal muscle and have positive influences on exercise variables and performance. This study investigated the acute intake of L-carnitine and carbohydrate on the exercise parameters of cycling. A total of 10 males (27.0 ± 4 years) completed two exercise sessions consisting of 40 min of cycling at 65% of VO_2peak, followed by cycling to exhaustion at 85% of VO_2peak. L-carnitine or a placebo was consumed 3 hours prior to exercise, and beverages consisting of …

Sex And Age Differences In Trail Half Marathon Running, James W. Navalta, Jeffrey Montes, Elizabeth A. Tanner, Nathaniel Bodell, John C. Young

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(6): 281-289, 2018. Female participation is growing in trail running races. The purpose was to evaluate sex and age differences in top finishers of a trail running half marathon. Velocity differences between males (M) and females (F) were determined for the top 10 finishers of the Moab Trail Half Marathon from 2012 - 2015 across age, and by finishing place. Differences between age category and between sexes were determined through ANOVA with significance accepted at P < 0.05. A significant difference for running velocity was present between sexes at each age category (20-29 yr F = 2.9±0.3, M = 3.4±0.4 m·sec^-1; 30-39 yr F = 2.8±0.3, M = 3.3±0.3; 40-49 yr F = 2.7±0.3, M = 3.0±0.5; 50-59 …

Simulated Altitude Via Re-Breathing Creates Arterial Hypoxemia But Fails To Improve Elements Of Running Performance, Matthew J. Garver, Cory M. Scheadler, Logan M. Smith, Sarah J. Taylor, Chase M. Harbach

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(6): 187-197, 2018. Acclimatization to altitude has been shown to improve elements of performance. Use of simulated altitude is popular among athletes across the sports spectrum. This work was on a handheld, re-breathing device touted to enhance performance. Seven recreationally-trained athletes used the device for 18 hours over the course of the 37-day intervention trial. The elevations simulated were progressively increased from 1,524m to 6,096m. To ascertain potential efficacy, four performance trials were included (familiarization, baseline, and 2 follow-ups). Hematological (hematocrit, hemoglobin, and lactate), physiological (respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, and oxygen consumption), and perceptual …

A Cross-Training Program Does Not Alter Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels In Elementary School Children, Melody L. White, Matthew S. Renfrow, Richard S. Farley, Dana K. Fuller, Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers, Jennifer L. Caputo

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 308-318, 2018. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a school-based cross-training program on body mass index (BMI), attitudes toward physical activity (ATPA), and physical activity (PA) levels of children in the 4^th and 5^th grades. Children (N = 118) were divided into control (n = 60) and experimental (n = 58) groups based on class availability. While the control group continued academic classes as usual, the experimental group participated in cross-training involving resistance training (RT), calisthenics, and stretching twice a week for 10 weeks. …

Acute Specific Effects Of Caffeine-Containing Energy Drink On Different Physical Performances In Resistance-Trained Men, Camilla Astley, Diego Souza, Marcos Polito

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 260-268, 2018. Caffeine containing energy drink (ED) is frequently used as ergogenic aid, but its effect on performance need more investigation. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of acute ingestion of an ED on the physical performance of resistance-trained men subjected to successive tests in the same experimental protocol. Fifteen resistance-trained males (21.0 ± 0.3 yrs; 177.4 ± 1.8 cm; 79.6 ± 1.8 kg) ingested 2.5 mg caffeine per kg of body weight (619.5 ± 14.6 mL of ED) or a placebo in a double-blind randomized cross-over design. Physical …

Thirty-Year Trends Of Study Design And Statistics In Applied Sports And Exercise Biomechanics Research, George Vagenas, Dimitria Palaiothodorou, Duane Knudson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(1): 239-259, 2018. This study documented the change in study design and statistics employed in applied sports and exercise biomechanics research from 1985 to 2014. The sample comprised 676 data based original research reports published in the Journal of Applied Biomechanics (JAB) from 1985 to 2014. Eight design and 10 statistical criteria were extracted from each study. Descriptive statistics were calculated and change in study criteria over time were documented. Design criteria that did not change over time, remaining at relatively low levels of rigor, were widespread (71%) use of small (2-20) sample sizes and …

Effects Of Single-Dose Dietary Nitrate On Oxygen Consumption During And After Maximal And Submaximal Exercise In Healthy Humans, Genevieve M. Kocoloski, Anne R. Crecelius

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(3): 214-225, 2018. Dietary nitrate (NO₃^-) has been shown to reduce oxygen consumption (VO₂) during moderate to high-intensity (e.g. time to fatigue, time trials) exercise and often in trained athletes. However, less is known regarding prolonged exercise and the potential impact of NO₃^- on post-exercise excess oxygen consumption (EPOC), particularly in untrained individuals, who may have different metabolic goals during exercise than trained individuals. We tested the hypothesis that acute nitrate supplementation in the form of beet root juice will significantly decrease both VO₂ during maximal exercise …

Influence Of Baseline Muscle Strength And Size Measures On Training Adaptations In Resistance-Trained Men, Gerald T. Mangine, Adam M. Gonzalez, Jeremy R. Townsend, Adam J. Wells, Kyle S. Beyer, Amelia A. Miramonti, Nicholas A. Ratamess, Jeffrey R. Stout, Jay R. Hoffman

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 198-213, 2018. The influence of baseline strength or muscle size on adaptations to training is not well-understood. Comparisons between novice and advanced lifters, and between stronger and weaker experienced-lifters, have produced conflicting results. This study examined the effect of baseline muscle strength and size on subsequent adaptations in resistance-trained individuals following a traditional high-volume, short-rest resistance training protocol. Fourteen resistance-trained men (24.0±2.7 y; 90.1±11.7 kg; 169.9±29.0 cm) completed pre-training (PRE) ultrasound measurements of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), pectoralis major, and triceps brachii (TRI) prior to strength …

Effect Of A School-Based Physical Activity Intervention On Number And Letter Recognition In Preschoolers, Christine W. St. Laurent, Sarah Burkart, Sofiya Alhassan

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 168-178, 2018. The aims of this study were to determine if physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors were correlated to components of school readiness skills (i.e., symbol recognition – numbers and letters) in preschoolers and to evaluate the efficacy of a 12-week, academically connected PA intervention on letter and number recognition in preschoolers. Two preschool centers were randomized to a 12-week preschool-based PA intervention (INT) that incorporated short-bout PA lessons embedded into the Massachusetts Early Learning Standards or a health-tracking control group (CON). INT preschoolers completed two 10-minute (as part of morning circle time) …

Brief, High-Intensity Interval Exercise Improves Selective Attention In University Students, Jeremy J. Walsh, Charlotte Dunlap, Jonathan Miranda, David B. Thorp, Derek S. Kimmerly, Michael Tschakovsky, B J. Gurd

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 152-167, 2018. This study aimed to investigate the effect of very brief, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on selective attention in university students. As a follow-up, we investigated whether HIIE performed prior to a university lecture improves retention of lecture material. A single-group counterbalanced post-test only design was used for this study. 22 university students (19 females; age = 20.0 ±1.0 years) performed a HIIE and control visit on separate days. During the HIIE session, participants performed 4 separate body-weight exercises for 1 set each, consisting of eight 20 s intervals interspersed with 10 s …

Determinants Of Attendance At A Physical Activity Focused Afterschool Program In Elementary School Children, Anthony E. Crimarco, Carlene Mayfield, Nathanael G. Mitchell, Michael W. Beets, Zenong Yin, Justin B. Moore

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 137-151, 2018. Afterschool youth physical activity (PA) programs provide opportunities for increasing children’s time engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, low program attendance reduces the benefits of participating in these programs. The purpose of this study was to determine if enjoyment, athletic competence and motivation for PA predict youth attendance at a free afterschool PA program from 3rd to 5th grade. Data were collected from a larger randomized community trial examining the effectiveness of an afterschool program for increasing opportunities to engage in MVPA. Data were collected twice annually (fall/spring) over 3 school …

Are Children And Their Parents More Active When Children Engage In More Structured Activities?, Nathan A. Chiarlitti, Angela M. Kolen

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 106-115, 2018. Children’s participation in sport/physical activity programs (structured activity) may play a critical role in promoting (or hindering) activity in children and their parents. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if the amount of time children spend participating in structured activity correlates with physical activity levels (moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA)/day and steps/day) in children and their parents. Convenience sampling was used to collect data from 14 parent-child pairs with children ranging from ages 7-10 years. Parental and children’s daily physical activity levels (MVPA/day and steps/day) were determined from …

The Short-Term Effects Of Lying, Sitting And Standing On Energy Expenditure In Women, Collin Popp, William C. Bridges, Elliot D. Jesch

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 129-136, 2018. The deleterious health effects of too much sitting have been associated with an increased risk for overweight and obesity. Replacing sitting with standing is the proposed intervention to increase daily energy expenditure (EE). The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of lying, sitting, and standing postures on EE, and determine the magnitude of the effect each posture has on EE using indirect calorimetry (IC). Twenty-eight healthy females performed three separate positions (lying, sitting, standing) in random order. Inspired and expired gases were collected for 45-minutes (15 minutes for …

Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Associates With Myocardial Oxygen Demand And Exercise Tolerance In Postmenopausal Women, Stephen J. Carter, David R. Bryan, William H. Neumeier, Stephen P. Glasser, Gary R. Hunter

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 42-54, 2018. The functional implications of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), a marker of oxidative stress, on hemodynamic parameters at rest and during physical exertion are unclear. The aims of this investigation were to examine the independent associations of TNF-a on myocardial oxygen demand at rest and during submaximal exercise, while also evaluating the association of TNF-a on exercise tolerance. Forty, postmenopausal women, provided blood samples and completed a modified-Balke protocol to measure maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max). Large artery compliance was measured by pulse contour analyses while rate-pressure product (RPP), an index …

Six Weeks Of Moderate Functional Resistance Training Increases Basal Metabolic Rate In Sedentary Adult Women, Jon Stavres, Mcauley P. Zeigler, M. Pasternostro Bayles

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 32-41, 2018. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a significant contributor to total daily energy expenditure. Traditional resistance exercise has been shown to elicit fat free mass (FFM) related increases in BMR. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a functional resistance exercise program on the BMR of a group of previously sedentary adult women in a free-living condition. 19 sedentary, apparently healthy women underwent body composition analysis and had BMR assessed before and after a 6-week functional resistance training program. The resistance training program was designed to be progressive in …

Ua66/5 2018 Newsletter, Wku Agriculture

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by and about WKU Agriculture.

2018-2019 Catalog, Wku Graduate School

Graduate School

Graduate School catalog regarding admissions, curriculum and policies.

Ua66/5 Department Of Agriculture 2018 Newsletter, Department Of Agriculture And Food Science

Agriculture Department Publications

No abstract provided.