Digital Commons Network^™

A Comparison Of Flexed Vs. Relaxed Skinfold Methodology In College Aged Males And Females, Hannah Forrester, Claire Pacelli, Madeline Pfeiffer, Joshua Gann, Thomas Andre, Qi Zhou, Joon Jin Song, Darryn Willoughby, Brian Leutholtz, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Skinfold caliper measurements are routinely utilized in assessing individual’s body composition and subcutaneous fat thicknesses. The precise separation of subcutaneous fat from muscle is critical to obtaining accurate measurements of body composition. The current investigation examined the accuracy of a flexed skinfold method (FSM) compared to the traditional relaxed skinfold method (RSF) and DEXA in 20 males (mean age = 20.8 + 2.5 yrs) and 20 females (mean age = 20.8 + 1.6 yrs). Body composition was assessed by FSM and RSF in a counterbalanced design within gender for RSF and FSM, using Lange skinfold calipers with the Jackson-Pollock 3-site …

Differential Relationships Of Fear Of Fat And Drive For Thinness With Physical Activity, Dietary Behavior, And Camouflaging Tactics, Samantha Schroll, Mark Faries

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Theoretically, self-perceived fear of fat (FF) and drive for thinness (DT) represent avoidance- and approach-related motivations, respectively, but have little research support. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify differential correlations of FF and DT with self-views of body dissatisfaction, physical activity (PA), dietary behavior, and body/weight camouflaging (camo) tactics (i.e. avoidance behavior). Adult women (N = 87) currently trying to lose or maintain their body weight completed an anonymous online survey. The 10-item Goldfarb fear of fat scale and the ‘drive for thinness’ factor from the Eating Disorder Inventory I were used to determine FF and …

Lean Body Mass Index For Women Ages 18-75 Years Of Age, Morgan Pettyjohn, Victoria Jarzabkowsi, Philip R. Stanforth

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Lean mass is an important component of health because of its multifaceted role in the body. Of particular concern are the effects of muscle mass loss due to aging. Lean mass index (LMI), calculated as lean mass/height², and fat-free mass index (FFMI) are used to assist in determining a healthy lean mass. The exact FFMI a healthy individual should have to be considered clinically healthy is unclear. Three population-based studies have been done to establish FFMI percentiles, but none were with American subjects. The purpose of this study was to develop LMI percentiles for females of different …

Correlation Between Anthropometric Measures, Blood Glucose, And Cholesterol Levels In College-Aged Hispanic Males, Danny D. Dominguez, Margarita Gonzalez, Juan Paredes, Ruben Chipuli, Murat Karabulut, Ulku Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) among Hispanic college-aged males 18 to 30 in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. METHODS: Thirty-five male subjects (age= 23.2 ± 2.8) read and signed the informed consent prior to participation in this study. Subjects had their height, weight, and three circumference measurements taken [waist at umbilicus (WU), waist at smallest point (WSP), and hip at widest point (HWP)] and their body mass index (BMI) calculated. A fasting blood sample was taken to analyze TC, HDL, and …

Antioxidants Attenuate The Exercise Induced Resetting Of The Arterial Baroreflex In Healthy Human Subjects: Implications For Exercise Induced Hypertension, Noah Jouett, Gilbert Moralez, Daniel W. White, Peter B. Raven

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Patients with Exercise-induced-Hypertension (EiHT) exhibit exaggerated increases in arterial pressure at the onset of exercise which may prevent EiHT patients from participating in exercise training programs. EiHT is thought to occur due to dysregulated resetting of the arterial baroreflex (ABR). Prior studies in animal models demonstrate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the brainstem scavenge the sympathoinhibitory function of central Nitric Oxide (NO) and, thereby enable ABR resetting of the operating point (OP) pressure and hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that a centrally and peripherally active antioxidant cocktail (CT; composed of Vitamin E and C with Co-Q10) will attenuate …

Acute Effects Of A Weight Loss Supplement On Endurance, Heart Rate, And Respiratory Exchange Ratio, Margarita Gonzalez, Samuel Buchanan, Brittany Ezparza, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of a weight loss supplement on endurance, heart rate (HR), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). METHODS: Thirty-one (athletic and non-athletic) male and female subjects (male=15, female=16), between the ages of 18 and 40, were familiarized with the study protocol and performed the Bruce protocol on the first day. The study utilized a randomized, double blind, crossover, in which a subject would be given a placebo or supplement on two separate days. Each condition began with the subject reaching a hydration status at or below 1.010. Once the hydration …

The Effect Of Sex And Age On Selection Of Weight Loss Method, Gena D. Guerin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The high rate of overweight and obesity in the United States has contributed to increased efforts in weight management. National Health and Nutritional Exam Survey (NHANES) data collected from 2011-2012 revealed 35% of the 6,175 survey respondents confirmed that they tried to lose weight in that time period. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether sex and age affected the selection of weight loss method. Using Chi Square analysis, NHANES data were utilized to determine if the frequency of choosing a particular weight loss method was associated with either sex or age. Predetermined age groups were: 18 …

Effects Of Dynamic And Isometric Vibration Exercises On Hemodynamics, Flexibility, And Stress Hormone Levels, Brittany N. Esparza, Eunice De Leon, Azeneth Chevaili, Eneida Alonso, Margarita Gonzalez, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: To investigate the acute effects of lower body dynamic (DYN) vs isometric (ISO) exercises on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), flexibility using the sit and reach, and cortisol (COR) and amylase (AMY) levels measured pre and post exercise with different variations of frequency and amplitude on a power plate in pre-hypertensive females. METHODS: Nine females (age: 23.8 ± 5.1 yrs) performed the ISO and DYN control sessions with the power plate off and ISO and DYN exercises with a combination of low frequency/high amplitude (LF/HA) and high frequency/low amplitude (HF/LA). A 5-min …

Centrally Acting Perindopril Attenuates The Exercise Induced Increase In Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity During Heavy Dynamic Exercise, Gilbert Moralez, Noah P. Jouett, Peter B. Raven

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Central angiotensin II (Ang II) linked free radical (FR) production scavenges nitric oxide (NO) enabling an increased central sympathetic neural outflow (SNA). The pathophysiological increase in Ang II linked FR production is recognized as a major mechanism involved in neurogenic hypertension. During exercise, there is a physiological increase in Ang II and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in direct relation to increasing exercise intensity. We tested the hypothesis that the exercise induced increase in Ang II linked FR production and MSNA activity during exercise is located within the brain. Six healthy subjects performed three randomly ordered trials of 70° upright …

Establishing Lean Mass Index Percentiles For Adult Males, Meredith R. Mckenzie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Lean mass is indicative of an individual’s overall health, as low levels are associated with issues including sarcopenia and increased hospital length of stay. Converting lean mass to a lean mass index (LMI) allows for comparison of individuals of different heights. Four population-based studies have been done to establish fat free mass index (FFMI) percentiles. However, none have had American subjects, with the exception of a small study that utilized an uncommon body composition method. Therefore, the purposes of this study were: 1) to establish a LMI for American adult males, 2) to compare the results to previous studies, …

The Acute Effects Of Self-Myofascial Release On Range Of Motion And Fatigue Rate In The Lower Extremities, Joel A. Perez, Matthew V. Bliss, Christopher M. Hearon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

There has been a growing popularity in a technique similar to a massage that is easily accessible known as self-myofascial release, or more commonly as “foam rolling”. While research has been conducted to examine the effects on a smooth foam roller, little research has been conducted regarding a more aggressive form of deep tissue self-myofascial release on muscular strength and fatigability. PURPOSE: To examine the acute effect of deep tissue self-myofascial release on hip range of motion and fatigue rate of the quadriceps in uninjured individuals. METHODS: Nineteen males, ages 20-35, with no prior knee surgery/injury on their preferred leg …

Effects Of A 3d Body Imaging Trigger On Self-Perceived Attractiveness, Self-Conscious Emotions And Coping, Rachel N. Nanez Ms., Alyssa M. Abreu, Mark Faries, Eric J. Jones

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Novel technologies currently being utilized in fitness and clinical settings, such as 3D body scans, are proposed to act as a trigger or spark for weight control behavior. However, other weight-related triggers in women have been shown to produce variation in emotional and weight control responses, and there is limited research on their impact. The purpose of the study was to examine the acute effect of 3D body imaging system (Fit3D) on self-conscious emotions (guilt, shame, pride) and body weight-related coping in a sample of college-aged women (N = 30) classified as normal weight (NW, n = 12) or …

Affective And Motivational Responses To 3d Body Imaging, Alyssa Abreu, Rachel N. Nanez Ms., Mark Faries, Eric J. Jones

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Common body weight and composition testing has been shown to impact emotional, motivational, and behavioral responses. Three-dimensional body imaging is a relatively new technology to be utilized in medical and fitness settings to provide detailed body image feedback to the patient or client, while encouraging motivation to control body weight, fat, and shape. However, such responses to 3D body imaging have not been examined. To examine the acute affective and motivational responses to 3D body imaging (Fit3D) in a sample of college-aged women (N = 32), classified as either normal weight (NW; n = 13) or overweight/obese (OWOB; n …

The Effectiveness Of A Community Based High Intensity Interval Training Program On Markers Of Physical Health, Jose G. Pineda, Eric Sobolewski, Marc Lochbaum

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Community outreach programs targets at low Social Economic Status (SES) have been established to improve living conditions and educational programs in hopes of improving SES status. Despite community outreach programs targeting low SES, there has been no research looking at the efficacy of a High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) exercise intervention program to improve wellbeing. The primary purpose of this study is to examine how 8 weeks of HIIT will affect markers of physical health. The secondary purpose of this study is to determine if HIIT is sufficient enough to benefit low SES or if other interventions are needed to …

The Effects Of Resistance And Plyometric Training On Vertical Jump, Abigail K. Hudspeth, Blake Stewart, Chris Omoye, Dalton Martin, Kyle Cook, Jared Stewart

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Several training protocols are available when it comes to increase the height of vertical jump. The purpose of the study was to test two different training protocols to see if they would generate a higher vertical jump at the end of a four week training period. This study tested to see if there was a correlation between two different types of training, resistance training and plyometric training, and the vertical jump. Both produce force and both have been used when training jump height, but which is best: resistance training or plyometric training? Six college-aged subjects who attend the University of …

Effects Of The Valsalva Maneuver On The Core Muscle Groups And Injury Reduction: Ems Lifting Simulations, Jacob L. Salisbury, Brad Locke, Colleen Marzilli, Neil Dong

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

About 60% of EMS personnel have claimed a Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder caused by scenarios in which a patient or heavy equipment needed to be lifted from the ground, off of a bed, and from a vehicle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the potential of a breathing pattern called the Valsalva maneuver in improving abdominopelvic stability when lifting from two different positions. We hypothesized that the Valsalva maneuver, if performed correctly, would increase the recruitment of specific core muscle groups, thus, providing a more stable abdominopelvic environment for the purposes of lifting. In this preliminary study, two …

Effects Of Aerobic Exercise On Body Composition At Different Phases Of The Menstrual Cycle, P. Gage Murphy, Shauna Peare, Melissa Jimenez, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: To determine the behaviour of body composition, especially body water in females in relation to their menstrual cycle and in response to aerobic exercise. METHODS: Eight females (age = 20.4 ± 1.6 yrs) performed four sessions of aerobic activity at 70% of their calculated VO₂max. VO₂max was determined by utilizing the Bruce Protocol. The speed for each subject’s aerobic activity was then calculated using the ACSM metabolic running equation. The four sessions of aerobic activity were identical in format and performed on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 of each subject’s menstrual cycle. Sessions began …

The Effect Of A Commercially Available Pre-Workout Supplement (The Bracket™) On Wingate Anaerobic Cycle Test Performance In Athletic Females, David Salinas Jr., Christopher M. Hearon, Matthew V. Bliss

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Bracket^™ is a proprietary blend, pre-workout supplement whose primary active ingredients consists mostly of a mixture of creatine, B-complex vitamins, and a glycerol/taurine combination. It has been third party tested for ingredient accuracy, and is also certified by NSF, meaning that it is certified for sports consumption. Previous research has been done on the ingredients within the supplement utilizing male demographics. However, there is limited research done on the pre-workout supplement as a whole. The little research done has showed no increases in any variables such as power output (relative/absolute) and/or rate of fatigue. Very little research has …

The Effect Of Gender On Circulating Adipokines During Weight Loss And Weight Maintenance, Marcus A. Breden, Bryan K. Smith, Matthew P. Harris, Adam Gloekner, Brooke Burgess, Melody D. Phillips, Joshua S. Wooten

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

During obesity, the altered release of adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, have been strongly associated with development of the metabolic syndrome. Treatment with weight loss has been shown to increase adiponectin, in particular high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, and reduce circulating leptin levels indicating an increased leptin sensitizing effect. Interestingly, a gender dichotomy has been identified with women generally possessing higher plasma concentrations of both adipokines. Weight loss effects have been well established; however, it remains to be determined how the gender differences in adiponectin and leptin will affect these adipokines during prolonged weight maintenance. PURPOSE: To identify gender differences in …

The Physiological And Psychological Benefits Of Crossfit Training – A Pilot Study, Jordan T. Schultz, Adam Parker, Drew Curtis, Jordan Daniel, Han-Hung Huang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CrossFit has been one of the fastest growing training methods in the fitness industry since its inception in 2000. CrossFit combines classic strength and conditioning along with gymnastics movements, Olympic weightlifting, and other functional movements into a constantly varied, high intensity workout. The success of CrossFit and what seems to be exponential growth of their over 10,000 affiliated gyms is undeniable. This popularity might be stem from two main factors: the physiological changes of training and the psychological benefits of a community emphasized, social atmosphere. However, there is very limited research evidence supporting the potential benefits of CrossFit . This …

Variation In Individual Responses To Time-Restricted Feeding And Resistance Training, Grant M. Tinsley, Jeffrey S. Forsse, Grant B. Morgan, Natalie K. Butler, Annie A. Bane, Paul La Bounty, Peter Grandjean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of intermittent fasting which limits all caloric intake to a certain period of time each day in an attempt to reduce daily energy intake, promote weight loss, and improve health. Resistance training (RT) has been reported to increase muscular strength and improve body composition. Very limited information is available on the combination of TRF and RT. The purpose of this study was to examine the variation in individual body composition, dietary intake, and muscular performance responses to an 8-wk TRF and RT program. Healthy males (n = 20; age = 22 ± 3 y; …

The Effects Of Physical Activity On Markers Of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism During Weight Cycling, Matthew P. Harris, Andrew Seija, Rachael E. Hartke, Marcus Breden, Kaylee Poole, Joshua S. Wooten

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the leading cause of liver disease and develops when the rate of hepatic triglyceride formation exceeds the rate of disposal. Weight loss is often prescribed to treat NAFLD; however, only one in six obese or overweight individuals who lose weight through diet are successful at maintaining weight loss resulting in weight regain (i.e., weight cycling).

Purpose: To determine the effect of physical activity on the prevention of hepatic steatosis and expression of lipogenic genes during weight cycling. Methods: To induce obesity, male C57BL/6 mice were fed a 60% fat diet for 10-weeks. …

The Effects Of Physical Activity On Markers Of Adipose Inflammation During Weight Cycling, Rachael E. Hartke, Matthew Harris, Marcus Breden, Kaylee E. Poole, Andrew Seija, Joshua S. Wooten

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Weight loss using diet and exercise are the main treatment strategies for obesity; however, weight loss is rarely maintained resulting in weight regain or weight cycling. Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation resulting in the release of adipokines and activation of macrophages (M1) accelerating the development of insulin resistance. In contrast, the M2 macrophage phenotype is characterized by blocking inflammatory responses and promoting tissue repair. Despite the effectiveness of exercise on preventing comorbidities of obesity during weight-loss, the influence of physical activity during weight cycling on markers of adipose inflammation remains unclear. Purpose: The purpose of this study was …

Brachial Artery Fmd And Endothelial Responses To High-Intensity Interval And Steady-State Moderate-Intensity Exercise, Jeffrey S. Forsse, Zacharias Papadakis, Annie A. Bane, Flor Elisa Morales Marroquín, Peter W. Grandjean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a nitric oxide-dependent measure of conduit artery endothelial function that is potentiated by moderate- and high-intensity steady state exercise (SSE) for up to an hour after exercise; however, it is unclear whether high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) provides a longer-lasting stimulus for enhancing FMD or greater oxidative and nitrative stress on the vascular endothelium than a comparable or greater amount of SSE. PURPOSE: Determine the influence of HIIE on post-exercise brachial artery FMD and the relationship between FMD and markers of endothelial function relative to a comparable amount of moderate-intensity SSE and a dose that …

Survey Responses From “Wellness For Life” Classes: Overall Value And Barriers, Motivators, And Motives Towards Physical Activity, Morgan A. Hare, Matthew J. Garver, Charles W. Ruot, Kelsey D. Odom, Nathan W. Offutt, Josie X. Ornelas, Sarah J. Taylor, Jose A. Bolanos, Ellen E. Dees, Joe D. Bell

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Skill-based sport activity classes were the historical trend, but greater numbers of higher education institutions now offer courses that encompass “wellness for life” concepts. The goal of these offerings is to guide students in the development of knowledge, skills, and behaviors to adopt and maintain healthful behaviors. There is a need to amass evidence of the outcomes arising from engagement in these classes. Purpose: The purpose of this work was to document outcomes from participation in a single, semester-long, university wellness for life class. Methods: Students were recruited from courses at two universities. Survey responses were collected in the …

Hemodynamic And Cerebrovascular Responses To An Acute Bout Of Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise, Justin Sprick, Hannah Colby, Caroline A. Rickards

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a novel exercise modality characterized by restricting blood flow to active muscles by the use of an occlusive device. A hallmark of this training is the use of lighter resistance loads, making it a potentially valuable tool for the elderly as well as patients exercising in a rehabilitative setting. Despite the growing interest in this novel mode of exercise, no investigation has comprehensively assessed the combined arterial pressure and cerebrovascular responses (flow and oxygenation) to BFR training, factors which may limit its application for cardiac and stroke rehabilitation. One concern about these applications is …

No Change In Perceptual Or Chronotropic Outcome When Altering Preferred Step Frequency For A Short Duration, Gloria G. Haynes, Matthew J. Garver, Jill R. Baker, Megan M. Kriger, Marlee M. Jones, Heather L. Markgraf, Janice M. Nkrumah, Briana K. Phillips

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

IIntroduction: Millions of individuals incorporate jogging into their physical activity routines as a leisurely pursuit and as a way to achieve positive health outcomes. People appear to choose jogging speed and the associated step frequency on pure, natural preference. Understandably, kinesthetics are important, but another important underlying factor is metabolic cost. The purpose of this work was to investigate if preferred step frequency (at a preferred jogging pace) also minimizes perceived effort (Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion, 6-20; RPE) and chronotropic stress (heart rate; HR) during a ten-minute activity bout when compared with step frequencies altered by 5%. Methods: Recreationally-trained …

Helm, Margie May, 1894-1991 (Mss 552), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 552. Personal and professional correspondence and papers of Margie Helm, Auburn, Kentucky native and longtime Western Kentucky University head librarian. Includes ancestral and family correspondence and papers, photographs, and genealogical research on the Helm, Carson, Porter, Blakey and related families.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 91, No. 10, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Clark, Samantha. Students Count Down to Caucus – Politics
• Skipworth, Dustin. Standing with Students – Student Government Association
• Collins, Emma. WKU Continues Retention Efforts as Matt Bevin Budget Looms
• Turner, Justin. Physics Olympics Help Students Gravitate to Science
• Camp, Jodi. WKU Planning Partnership with Jefferson Community College
• Turner, Justin. WKU Vineyard Hosts Workshop for Students & Local Growers – Agriculture
• Winstead, John. Talk Openly About Radical Politics
• King, Jennifer. Editorial Cartoon French Fries
• Critchelow, Andrew. Listen to This: Three Essential Albums for Black History Month – Music Review
• Dealing …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 91, No. 9, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news.

• Kast, Monica. WKU, University of Kentucky Form New Partnership in Medicine
• Collins, Emma. WKU Doesn’t Cut Cheese – Agriculture
• Kast, Monica. Potter College Acquires New Dean – Larry Snyder
• Shaffer, Monica. Early Orientation Program Opens Doors for Minority Students – Project Early Start
• Means, McKenna. Plans Change for Planned Parenthood
• King, Jennifer. Editorial Cartoon Gary Ransdell as Uncle Sam
• Good Luck, Gary Ransdell – Budget
• Hardin, Scout. From Dud to Dandy – Fashion
• Potter, Abby. Tea Time – Bowling Green High School Princess Tea
• Austin, Emma. Forensics Team to …