Digital Commons Network^™

Comparison Of A Pneumatic Compression Device To A Compression Garment During Recovery From Doms, Molly Winke, Shelby Williamson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(3): 375-383, 2018. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a pneumatic compression device (PCD) compared to a continuously-worn compression sleeve (CS) during a five-day recovery period from delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the elbow flexors. Eight college-aged students participated in this crossover design study. The muscle-damage protocol consisted of four sets of 25 repetitions of isokinetic concentric elbow flexion followed by eccentric elbow extension at 60 ^o/second. Immediately following the muscle-damage protocol, subjects either wore a CS continually for five days or completed daily, 20-minute PCD treatments for five …

The Effect Of Acute L-Carnitine And Carbohydrate Intake On Cycling Performance, Boe M. Burrus, Brian M. Moscicki, Tracey D. Matthews, Vincent J. Paolone

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 404-416, 2018. Chronic supplementation of L-carnitine and carbohydrate has been reported to increase L-carnitine content in skeletal muscle and have positive influences on exercise variables and performance. This study investigated the acute intake of L-carnitine and carbohydrate on the exercise parameters of cycling. A total of 10 males (27.0 ± 4 years) completed two exercise sessions consisting of 40 min of cycling at 65% of VO_2peak, followed by cycling to exhaustion at 85% of VO_2peak. L-carnitine or a placebo was consumed 3 hours prior to exercise, and beverages consisting of …

January Agenda, Wku Graduate Council

Graduate School

Meeting agenda.

Global Active Stretching (Sga®) Practice For Judo Practitioners’ Strength Enhancement, Heleno Almeida Jr., Raphael F. De Souza, Felipe J. Aidar, Alisson G. Da Silva, Ricardo P. Regi, Afranio A. Bastos

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(6): 364-374, 2018. In order to analyze the Global Active Stretching (SGA®) practice on the physical performance enhancement in judo-practitioner competitors, 12 male athletes from Judo Federation of Sergipe (Federação Sergipana de Judô), were divided into two groups: Experimental Group (EG) and Control Group (CG). For 10 weeks, the EG practiced SGA® self-postures and the CG practiced assorted calisthenic exercises. All of them were submitted to a variety of tests (before and after): handgrip strength, flexibility, upper limbs’ muscle power, isometric pull-up force, lower limbs’ muscle power (squat-jump – SJ and countermovement jump – CMJ) …

Central Hemodynamics Measured During 5 Repetition Maximum Free Weight Resistance Exercise, Jonathan S. Howard, Cherilyn N. Mclester, Thomas W. Evans, John R. Mclester, Jimmy P. Calloway

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 342-354, 2018. The PhysioFlow™ is a piece of equipment that uses bioimpedance cardiography to measure central hemodynamics. The purpose of this research was to explore the novel approach of monitoring central hemodynamics during free weight resistance exercise using bioimpedance cardiography throughout a 5 repetition maximum (5RM). Thirty participants ranging from beginner to advanced lifters (16 males and 14 females) completed a 5RM for back squat, seated push press, and bicep curl while connected to the PhysioFlow™ to assess the response of heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), and ejection fraction (EF). …

Impact Of Occupational Footwear And Workload On Lower Extremity Muscular Exertion, Alana J. Turner, Jonathan C. Swain, Katherine L. Mcwhirter, Adam C. Knight, Daniel W. Carruth, Harish Chander

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(1): 331-341, 2018. Footwear worn and workload performed can influence muscular exertion, which is critical in occupational environments. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of two occupational footwear, steel-toed (SWB) and tactical (TWB) work boots, on muscular exertion when exposed to a physical workload. Eighteen healthy male participants (age: 21.27 ± 1.7 years; height: 177.67 ± 6.0 cm; mass: 87.95 ± 13.8 kg) were tested for maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) using electromyography (EMG) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) using an algometer for four lower extremity muscles prior to (pre-test) and …

Does Body Mass Index Influence The Physiological And Perceptual Demands Associated With Defensive Tactics Training In State Patrol Officers?, J. Jay Dawes, Charles Kornhauser, Diana Crespo, Craig L. Elder, Keston Lindsay, Ryan J. Holmes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(6): 319-330, 2018. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the physiological and perceptual demands associated with defensive tactics (DEFTAC) training among state patrol officers of different BMI (body mass index) categories. Twenty-four male state patrol officers (n = 24, age 36.00 + 7.86 yrs) voluntarily agreed to participate in data collection during a DEFTAC gauntlet. Anthropometric information (height (HT) 182.19 + 7.43 cm and weight (WT) 96.31 + 17.45 kg), body mass index (BMI), peak and average heart rates, duty weight, BLa, and RPE, were recorded. Officers were then divided into two-groups (Healthy …

Simulated Altitude Via Re-Breathing Creates Arterial Hypoxemia But Fails To Improve Elements Of Running Performance, Matthew J. Garver, Cory M. Scheadler, Logan M. Smith, Sarah J. Taylor, Chase M. Harbach

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(6): 187-197, 2018. Acclimatization to altitude has been shown to improve elements of performance. Use of simulated altitude is popular among athletes across the sports spectrum. This work was on a handheld, re-breathing device touted to enhance performance. Seven recreationally-trained athletes used the device for 18 hours over the course of the 37-day intervention trial. The elevations simulated were progressively increased from 1,524m to 6,096m. To ascertain potential efficacy, four performance trials were included (familiarization, baseline, and 2 follow-ups). Hematological (hematocrit, hemoglobin, and lactate), physiological (respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, and oxygen consumption), and perceptual …

A Cross-Training Program Does Not Alter Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels In Elementary School Children, Melody L. White, Matthew S. Renfrow, Richard S. Farley, Dana K. Fuller, Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers, Jennifer L. Caputo

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 308-318, 2018. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a school-based cross-training program on body mass index (BMI), attitudes toward physical activity (ATPA), and physical activity (PA) levels of children in the 4^th and 5^th grades. Children (N = 118) were divided into control (n = 60) and experimental (n = 58) groups based on class availability. While the control group continued academic classes as usual, the experimental group participated in cross-training involving resistance training (RT), calisthenics, and stretching twice a week for 10 weeks. …

An Analysis Of Collegiate Club-Sport Female Lacrosse Players: Sport-Specific Field Test Performance And The Influence Of Lacrosse Stick Carrying, Robert G. Lockie, Samantha A. Birmingham-Babauta, John J. Stokes, Tricia M. Liu, Fabrice G. Risso, Adrina Lazar, Dominic V. Giuliano, Ashley J. Orjalo, Matthew R. Moreno, Alyssa A. Stage, Deshaun L. Davis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 269-280, 2018. Lacrosse is a field-based, intermittent sport that requires players to use a stick with a shaft and mesh pocket to manipulate the ball. However, there has been limited analysis of the characteristics of collegiate club-sport players, and whether stick carry influences the sprinting speed of lacrosse players. As a result, this study investigated the field test characteristics of collegiate club-sport female lacrosse players, and the effects of stick carry on linear and change-of-direction speed. Nine players (seven field players, two goalkeepers) volunteered for this study and completed: vertical jump and standing broad …

Thirty-Year Trends Of Study Design And Statistics In Applied Sports And Exercise Biomechanics Research, George Vagenas, Dimitria Palaiothodorou, Duane Knudson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(1): 239-259, 2018. This study documented the change in study design and statistics employed in applied sports and exercise biomechanics research from 1985 to 2014. The sample comprised 676 data based original research reports published in the Journal of Applied Biomechanics (JAB) from 1985 to 2014. Eight design and 10 statistical criteria were extracted from each study. Descriptive statistics were calculated and change in study criteria over time were documented. Design criteria that did not change over time, remaining at relatively low levels of rigor, were widespread (71%) use of small (2-20) sample sizes and …

Practices, Perceived Benefits, And Barriers To Strength Training Among Women Enrolled In College, Kimberly S. Hurley, Kaleigh J. Flippin, Lindsey C. Blom, Jocelyn E. Bolin, Donald L. Hoover, Lawrence W. Judge

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 226-238, 2018. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has recommended that resistance training be performed at least twice per week, with 8-12 repetitions of 8-10 exercises targeting all major muscle groups (1). However, Kruger, Carlson, and Kohl (18) reported that women were participating less than the U.S. population on the whole, as only 20% of women were engaging in resistance training two or more times per week. In order to better understand why only 1 in 5 women participate regularly in this form of physical activity, this study investigated current resistance training practices, …

Effects Of Single-Dose Dietary Nitrate On Oxygen Consumption During And After Maximal And Submaximal Exercise In Healthy Humans, Genevieve M. Kocoloski, Anne R. Crecelius

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(3): 214-225, 2018. Dietary nitrate (NO₃^-) has been shown to reduce oxygen consumption (VO₂) during moderate to high-intensity (e.g. time to fatigue, time trials) exercise and often in trained athletes. However, less is known regarding prolonged exercise and the potential impact of NO₃^- on post-exercise excess oxygen consumption (EPOC), particularly in untrained individuals, who may have different metabolic goals during exercise than trained individuals. We tested the hypothesis that acute nitrate supplementation in the form of beet root juice will significantly decrease both VO₂ during maximal exercise …

Influence Of Baseline Muscle Strength And Size Measures On Training Adaptations In Resistance-Trained Men, Gerald T. Mangine, Adam M. Gonzalez, Jeremy R. Townsend, Adam J. Wells, Kyle S. Beyer, Amelia A. Miramonti, Nicholas A. Ratamess, Jeffrey R. Stout, Jay R. Hoffman

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 198-213, 2018. The influence of baseline strength or muscle size on adaptations to training is not well-understood. Comparisons between novice and advanced lifters, and between stronger and weaker experienced-lifters, have produced conflicting results. This study examined the effect of baseline muscle strength and size on subsequent adaptations in resistance-trained individuals following a traditional high-volume, short-rest resistance training protocol. Fourteen resistance-trained men (24.0±2.7 y; 90.1±11.7 kg; 169.9±29.0 cm) completed pre-training (PRE) ultrasound measurements of muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), pectoralis major, and triceps brachii (TRI) prior to strength …

Effect Of A School-Based Physical Activity Intervention On Number And Letter Recognition In Preschoolers, Christine W. St. Laurent, Sarah Burkart, Sofiya Alhassan

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 168-178, 2018. The aims of this study were to determine if physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors were correlated to components of school readiness skills (i.e., symbol recognition – numbers and letters) in preschoolers and to evaluate the efficacy of a 12-week, academically connected PA intervention on letter and number recognition in preschoolers. Two preschool centers were randomized to a 12-week preschool-based PA intervention (INT) that incorporated short-bout PA lessons embedded into the Massachusetts Early Learning Standards or a health-tracking control group (CON). INT preschoolers completed two 10-minute (as part of morning circle time) …

Brief, High-Intensity Interval Exercise Improves Selective Attention In University Students, Jeremy J. Walsh, Charlotte Dunlap, Jonathan Miranda, David B. Thorp, Derek S. Kimmerly, Michael Tschakovsky, B J. Gurd

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 152-167, 2018. This study aimed to investigate the effect of very brief, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on selective attention in university students. As a follow-up, we investigated whether HIIE performed prior to a university lecture improves retention of lecture material. A single-group counterbalanced post-test only design was used for this study. 22 university students (19 females; age = 20.0 ±1.0 years) performed a HIIE and control visit on separate days. During the HIIE session, participants performed 4 separate body-weight exercises for 1 set each, consisting of eight 20 s intervals interspersed with 10 s …

Determinants Of Attendance At A Physical Activity Focused Afterschool Program In Elementary School Children, Anthony E. Crimarco, Carlene Mayfield, Nathanael G. Mitchell, Michael W. Beets, Zenong Yin, Justin B. Moore

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 137-151, 2018. Afterschool youth physical activity (PA) programs provide opportunities for increasing children’s time engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, low program attendance reduces the benefits of participating in these programs. The purpose of this study was to determine if enjoyment, athletic competence and motivation for PA predict youth attendance at a free afterschool PA program from 3rd to 5th grade. Data were collected from a larger randomized community trial examining the effectiveness of an afterschool program for increasing opportunities to engage in MVPA. Data were collected twice annually (fall/spring) over 3 school …

Discrimination Against Obese Exercise Clients: An Experimental Study Of Personal Trainers, Fabio Fontana, Jonathan Bopes, Seth Bendixen, Tyler Speed, Megan George, Mickey Mack

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 116-128, 2018. The aim of the study was to compare exercise recommendations, attitudes, and behaviors of personal trainers toward clients of different weight statuses. Fifty-two personal trainers participated in the study. The data collection was organized into two phases. In phase one, trainers read a profile and watched the video displaying an interview of either an obese or an average-weight client. Profiles and video interviews were identical except for weight status. Then, trainers provided exercise recommendations and rated their attitude toward the client. In phase two, trainers personally met an obese or an average-weight …

Are Children And Their Parents More Active When Children Engage In More Structured Activities?, Nathan A. Chiarlitti, Angela M. Kolen

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 106-115, 2018. Children’s participation in sport/physical activity programs (structured activity) may play a critical role in promoting (or hindering) activity in children and their parents. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if the amount of time children spend participating in structured activity correlates with physical activity levels (moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA)/day and steps/day) in children and their parents. Convenience sampling was used to collect data from 14 parent-child pairs with children ranging from ages 7-10 years. Parental and children’s daily physical activity levels (MVPA/day and steps/day) were determined from …

An External Focus Of Attention Is Effective For Balance Control When Sleep-Deprived, Jed A. Diekfuss, James A. Janssen, Alexis B. Slutsky, Nathaniel T. Berry, Jennifer L. Etnier, Laurie Wideman, Louisa D. Raisbeck

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 84-94, 2018. The purpose of our study was to examine if the beneficial effects of an external focus are effective for balance control when sleep-deprived. Sleep-deprived participants (27 hours awake) completed three blocks of five separate 30 second trials on a dynamic balance board. All participants were given internal, external, and control instruction. For the internal focus trials, participants focused on their feet; whereas, for the external focus trials, participants focused on the balance board. Participants’ time in balance was significantly greater during the external focus compared to the internal focus and control. These …

The Effects Of Medicine Ball Training On Bat Swing Velocity In Prepubescent Softball Players, Mallory S. Kobak, Michael J. Rebold, Stacey L. Buser, Rachele M. Kappler, Ronald Otterstetter

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 75-83, 2018. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of an 8-week medicine ball training program on bat swing velocity in prepubescent softball players. Twenty-seven female prepubescent softball players (age = 10.2 ± 1.2) participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to either a medicine ball training (MB = 13) or control (CON = 14) group. Pre- and post-testing consisted of 10 dry swings using the bat that the participants would normally use during competition, which was then followed by 10 hits off of a pitching machine with …

The Effect Of A Single Bout Of High Intensity Intermittent Exercise On Glucose Tolerance In Non-Diabetic Older Adults, Hannah M. Lithgow, Melanie Leggate

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(3): 95-105, 2018. Our aim was to investigate the acute effects of a single bout of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) on glucose tolerance and other physiological and metabolic markers in non-diabetic older adults. Fourteen healthy older adults (age, 64 ± 2 y; BMI, 25.7 ± 2.8 kg·m^-2) performed two acute exercise trials: continuous moderate intensity exercise (MOD) and HIIT, with the response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) determined <24 hours after. Inflammatory, haematological, and lipid parameters were also assessed the day after each trial. There was an effect of the trials on the insulin response to an OGTT (P=0.047), but not the glucose response. Following an acute bout of HIIT, insulin concentration during an OGTT was elevated at 60 min compared to the control trial (P=0.045), indicating more insulin was secreted, but glucose concentration was unchanged in all trials. The study findings demonstrate that a single bout of HIIT affects the insulin response but not the glycaemic response to a glucose load, proffering a potential benefit for metabolic health in older adults.

The Short-Term Effects Of Lying, Sitting And Standing On Energy Expenditure In Women, Collin Popp, William C. Bridges, Elliot D. Jesch

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 129-136, 2018. The deleterious health effects of too much sitting have been associated with an increased risk for overweight and obesity. Replacing sitting with standing is the proposed intervention to increase daily energy expenditure (EE). The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of lying, sitting, and standing postures on EE, and determine the magnitude of the effect each posture has on EE using indirect calorimetry (IC). Twenty-eight healthy females performed three separate positions (lying, sitting, standing) in random order. Inspired and expired gases were collected for 45-minutes (15 minutes for …

Effects Of Strength Training Sessions Performed With Different Exercise Orders And Intervals On Blood Pressure And Heart Rate Variability, Sandro Lemos, Tiago Figueiredo, Silvio Marques, Thalita Leite, Diogo Cardozo, Jeffrey Willardson, Roberto Simão

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 55-67, 2018. This study compared the effect of a strength training session performed at different exercise orders and rest intervals on blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV). Fifteen trained men performed different upper body exercise sequences [large to small muscle mass (SEQA) and small to large muscle mass (SEQB)] in randomized order with rest intervals between sets and exercises of 40 or 90 seconds. Fifteen repetition maximum loads were tested to control the training intensity and the total volume load. The results showed, significant reductions for systolic blood pressure (SBP) for all sequences …

Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Associates With Myocardial Oxygen Demand And Exercise Tolerance In Postmenopausal Women, Stephen J. Carter, David R. Bryan, William H. Neumeier, Stephen P. Glasser, Gary R. Hunter

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 42-54, 2018. The functional implications of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), a marker of oxidative stress, on hemodynamic parameters at rest and during physical exertion are unclear. The aims of this investigation were to examine the independent associations of TNF-a on myocardial oxygen demand at rest and during submaximal exercise, while also evaluating the association of TNF-a on exercise tolerance. Forty, postmenopausal women, provided blood samples and completed a modified-Balke protocol to measure maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max). Large artery compliance was measured by pulse contour analyses while rate-pressure product (RPP), an index …

Six Weeks Of Moderate Functional Resistance Training Increases Basal Metabolic Rate In Sedentary Adult Women, Jon Stavres, Mcauley P. Zeigler, M. Pasternostro Bayles

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 32-41, 2018. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a significant contributor to total daily energy expenditure. Traditional resistance exercise has been shown to elicit fat free mass (FFM) related increases in BMR. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a functional resistance exercise program on the BMR of a group of previously sedentary adult women in a free-living condition. 19 sedentary, apparently healthy women underwent body composition analysis and had BMR assessed before and after a 6-week functional resistance training program. The resistance training program was designed to be progressive in …

Acute Cardiovascular Responses After A Single Bout Blood Flow Restriction Training, Moisés Picón Martínez, Iván Chulvi Medrano, Juan Manuel Cortell Tormo, Juan Tortosa, Yasser Alkhadar, José Sanchís, Gilberto Laurentino

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 20-31, 2018. Different types of exercise might produce reductions in blood pressure (BP). One physiological mechanism that could explain the lowering adaptation effect on BP after an exercise program is an improved in baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity. Consequently, exploring the different methods of training and their post-exercise hypotension (PEH) becomes of interest for healthcare providers. Recently, it has been suggested that blood flow restriction training (BFR) can generate PEH. The aim of this study was to determine the acute response on cardiovascular variables after low intensity resistance training with BFR in …

Williams, Samuel J., D. 1864 (Sc 3167), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text typescript (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3167. Letter, 31 October 1861, of Samuel J. Williams, 33rd Indiana Infantry, to “friend Lorinda.” From Camp Calvert in Laurel County, Kentucky, he writes of illness among the soldiers and of preparing the camp’s defenses. He also writes of a nervous sentry’s mistaking a tree stump for an intruder, two orders to prepare for battle, and the capture of two Confederates. The letterhead includes an engraving of a flag-bearing woman and the slogan “Onward to Victory!”

Ua35/3 Memoranda, Wku Provost

WKU Administration Documents

2018 memoranda issued by the WKU Provost to facutly & staff via email.

• University College Reorganization
• Dean, College of Education & Behavioral Sciences
• Interim Registrar Appointment
• Associate Provost for Global Learning & International Affairs
• New Admissions Standards
• Mahurin Honors College Appointment
• RAMP & Open Forum

Ua66/5 2018 Newsletter, Wku Agriculture

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by and about WKU Agriculture.