Digital Commons Network^™

Effects Of Personal Body Armor On Functional Movement Capability In Healthy Adults, Colin D. Tomes, Matthew David Lewis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 536-546, 2019. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a tool used to assess fundamental movement patterns and has been utilized to determine movement readiness of tactical athletes. However, tactical athletes rarely perform tasks without load carriage, and limited research evaluating loaded tactical personnel via the FMS has been conducted. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to determine if ballistic vest wear results in movement deficits as evaluated by the FMS. A convenience sample of college students (n = 31) completed test sessions in loaded and unloaded conditions. Subjects completed each FMS …

Meeting Minutes, Wku Staff Council

Staff Council

Minutes of March 2019 meeting.

Effects Of Caffeine On Perceptually-Based Intensity Production During Outdoor Running, Kailee Neal, Matt Green, Eric O'Neal, Joyce Mcintosh, Alyssum Reno

International Journal of Exercise Science

ABSTRACT

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(5): 526-535, 2019. Caffeine (CAF) may enhance performance while altering estimated RPE. However, effects of caffeine on RPE production is not well understood. This study examined effects of CAF on velocity (VEL) selection during outdoor running when intensity was prescribed using RPE. Ten (n = 10) fit male runners completed a VO₂ max and two running trials, CAF (6 mg· kg^-1) vs. placebo (PLA). Participants ran a 2.4 km (1.5 m) bout, at prescribed RPE4, and another at prescribed RPE7, following 10 min passive recovery. Separate 2 (trial) x 6 …

Ray, Joseph Malchus, 1907-1991 (Sc 3329), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and full text scan of memoirs and photographs and digital files of interviews (Click on "Additional Files" below to access) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3329. Memoirs, sundry papers, and oral histories of Joseph Malchus Ray, a native of Warren County, Kentucky, who went on to teach at universities in Texas, Alabama and Maryland. He ended his career as president of the University of Texas at El Paso in 1968, but stayed on afterwards as the H.Y. Benedict Professor of Political Science at UTEP. The memoirs discuss in detail his professional and personal life and the values that shaped …

Civil War Collections In Manuscripts & Folklife Archives At Western Kentucky University, Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

This is a list of collections in the Manuscripts & Folklife Archives holdings of WKU’s Department of Library Special Collections that relate to the Civil War. Included are letters and diaries of soldiers and civilians, military records and papers, and other, mostly unpublished material. Our collections are particularly strong on Bowling Green, Kentucky’s Civil War history and in documenting the experiences of Kentuckians or those who passed through Kentucky and surrounding states during the war.

Triple Hop For Distance As A Predictor Of Lower Extremity Performance In Firefighter Equipment, Sean M. Rogers, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Lindsey E. Eberman, Kenneth E. Games

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 515-525, 2019. The objective of this study was to examine the predictive value of the Triple Hop for Distance (THD) physical performance test to assess lower extremity (LE) strength and power in individuals donning firefighter personal protective equipment (PPE). Thirty-one healthy participants completed the THD in firefighter PPE on both the dominant and non-dominant limb. Dependent variables included LE power (vertical jump height [cm]) on a jump mat, and LE strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings (peak torque [Nm]) on an isokinetic dynamometer. THD was a strong predictor of LE power on the dominant …

Exercise Is Medicine®: Knowledge And Awareness Among Exercise Science And Medical School Students, Rachel Mealy, Laura Richardson, Brian Miller, Melissa Smith, Judith A. Juvancic-Heltzel

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(3): 505-514, 2019. The purpose of this exploratory study was twofold: to determine whether exercise science and medical students are aware of the Exercise is Medicine^® (EIM^®) program and to construct a tool that would permit assessment of EIM^® variables with students enrolled in both programs. The study consisted of a quantitative, cross-sectional design, using a self-report electronic questionnaire. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using principal component analysis extraction method with Varimax factor rotation was employed to validate the survey instrument based on the expected constructs, which posited five (5) contending …

Comparing Vascular Deficiency Between Caucasian And Hispanic Metabolic Syndrome Women, Lorenzo Juarez, Jerene Yazzie, Andi Johnson, Abraham Gomez, Klaudia Szych, Ariel Gomez, Matthew A. Barlow Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in the United States especially in Hispanics. People with Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) generally have high blood pressure, excess body fat and fasting glucose and abnormal cholesterol. We evaluated Hispanic (HS) and Caucasian (CA) women diagnosed with MetSyn in New Mexico and sedentary control with an initial screening and vascular measurements. Previous work from our lab indicated significant deficiencies between the control and MetSyn women in the measurements of the vascular mechanisms of developing deficits associated with the metabolic deficiencies. We aimed to identify if the health disparate HS population …

Patellofemoral Syndrome, Prystyn M. Covington

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CLINICAL PRESENTATION & EXAM: Patellofemoral syndrome is an aching pain at the front of the knee and is common in athletes. Patellofemoral syndrome occurs due to many factors such as overuse (repetitive stress on the knee), trauma to the knee, surgery, and weak muscles. Surgery to the knee using the patellar tendon as a graft to fix the anterior cruciate ligament greatly increases the risk of pain. Many factors play a role in increasing the risk of developing patellofemoral syndrome such as sports, age, and gender. Most people who develop patellofemoral syndrome tend to be adolescents or young adults. …

Fluctuations In Blood Biomarkers Of Head Trauma In Ncaa Men’S Soccer Athletes Over The Course Of A Season, Javier A. Zaragoza, Andreas Kreutzer, Jonathan Oliver, Anthony Joseph Anzalone, Tori Conger, David A. Julovich, James Hall, Sid O'Bryant, Stacie Urbina, Lemuel W. Taylor Iv

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Repetitive subconcussive impacts to the head are commonplace in soccer. The ability to detect the extent of neurological injury due to these impacts over the course of a season is paramount. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to examine alterations in blood biomarkers of head injury over the course of a soccer season. METHODS: Sixteen National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) male soccer athletes participated in weekly blood sampling throughout an 18-week season. Athlete statistics were received from the coaches post-season. Serum samples were stored at -80°C until analysis for Tau and Neurofilament Light polypeptide (NFL) using …

The Impact Of Sprint Exercise Training On Vascular Functions In 50-70 Y Olds, Brandon G. Fico, Jakob R. Allen, Remzi Satiroglu, Emre Vardarli, Anthony Laico, Hirofumi Tanaka, Edward F. Coyle

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Aging is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease due in part to increased oxidative stress and arterial stiffening. Lifestyle modifications, such as exercise, are among the first-line of approach for preventing vascular dysfunction. Exercise training has been shown to foster antioxidant states and improve vascular health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8-weeks of sprint exercise training using inertial loading on vascular health in 50-70 y old. METHODS: Thirty-one apparently healthy middle-aged and older adults (59 ± 5 years, 17 females) participated in the study. The participants performed 15 …

Attitudes And Re-Enrollment Intentions To Participate In Youth Soccer Among Parents, Coaches, And Players In Central Texas, Ashleigh Johnson, Anna Wilkinson, Harold W. Kohl Iii

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physical activity in youth declines with age, which may be due in part to decreased sports participation. However, few studies include perspectives from parents/coaches as well as players when examining reasons for participation and dropout from organized sports such as soccer. PURPOSE: To describe and compare soccer-related attitudes and intention to re-enroll among parents/legal guardians, coaches, and players at a youth soccer program in Central Texas. METHODS: Parents (n=152), coaches (n=55), and players (n=28) completed an online survey in November-December 2018. Participants were eligible if they 1) coached and/or had children aged 10-17 years who played soccer or …

Perceived Discomfort During 4 Weeks Of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Training In Older Adults, Samantha J. Goldenstein, Shelby L. Summers, Derek Moczygemba, Lindsay E. Kipp, Joni A. Mettler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) generates involuntary muscle contraction and may be a safe and effective treatment alternative when voluntary resistance training is not possible. However, little research has been done to determine patient tolerance to NMES in older adults. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to determine how NMES is tolerated across 12, 40-min NMES training sessions in older adults. METHODS: Participants (n = 6) consisted of healthy, older adults (mean age: 71.2 ± 3.2 years). Participants performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) using the quadriceps muscles on an isokinetic dynamometer prior to the stimulation. The stimulation intensity …

The Acute Effects Of Vinyasa Flow Yoga On Arterial Stiffness, Alexander A. Piña, Tobi Fadeyi, James Shadiow, Anabel Chavez, Stacy D. Hunter

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Arterial stiffness (AS) is a marker of subclinical atherosclerotic disease associated with reductions in the buffering capacity of the central, elastic arteries. Previous research has demonstrated reductions in AS with a relatively short-duration, 8-week Bikram (hot) yoga practice, however the acute effects of yoga of any kind on this measure have not been investigated. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute impact of one bout of Vinyasa flow yoga performed in thermoneutral conditions on indices of AS in healthy adults. METHODS: 20 apparently healthy adults ages 20-75 yrs with at least 3 months of …

The Efficacy Of Wristband Activity Trackers During Vigorous Exercise, Jessica Mcdowell, Alexandrea Swize, Jenna Gerber, Reilly Avalos, Kyle Reinen, Shelly Weise

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Patients and clinicians rely on activity trackers to monitor heart rate, calorie expenditure, and steps during training and interventions. However, the efficacy of activity trackers during vigorous exercise, is not widely studied. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of activity trackers during vigorous activity. METHODS: Nineteen participants completed twenty minutes of vigorous intensity exercise by running or incline walking on a treadmill. Measurement devices worn during the testing period included two wristband activity trackers (Garmin (G) Forerunner 735xt™ and Fitbit (F) Surge™) and industry standard devices: a pedometer(P), Polar™ HR Chest Strap and …

Dynamic Graded Muscle Exercise In Sedentary Metabolic Syndrome Women; Effects On Cardiac Workload, Abraham Gomez, Lorenzo Juarez, Ariel Gomez, Klaudia Szych, Andi Johnson, Jerene Yazzie, Matthew A. Barlow Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) individuals presented declining sensitivity to insulin (p=.0201) as calculated by insulin sensitivity index (ISI-60) measurement. The young women categorized as MetSyn were previously found to have significantly lower (ISI-60) from healthy controls (Gomez, 2018), and had higher percent body fat (p< .05), diminished HDL (p< .05), and higher expenditure of Kcals (p=.04) compared to controls as measured by 7 day accelerometer. Cardiovascular modification is hypothesized to involve progressive dysfunction of the insulin mediated AKT/PKB eNOS pathway. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify if daily sedentary activity is associated with myocardial workload in the development of the metabolic disorder. We hypothesized metabolic syndrome individuals Rate Pressure Product (RPP) would be at elevated at rest and through various workloads of small muscle exercise. METHODS: We compared daily activity to heart …

Vascular Deficits In Native American Women With Metabolic Syndrome, Jerene Yazzie, Andi Johnson, Abraham Gomez, Lorenzo Juarez, Klaudia Szych, Ariel Gomez, Matthew A. Barlow Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Native Americans of the Southwest are predisposed to vascular diseases due to health disparate lifestyles influenced by diet, lack of exercise and decreased access to health care. These factors together may be responsible for the co-morbidities developed with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn) which are indicators of early onset cardiovascular disease. We evaluated Native American (NA) women diagnosed with MetSyn or Type II Diabetes in New Mexico and compared to sedentary control NA and Caucasian (CA) women during vascular measurements. Previous work from in our lab indicates that the regional populations with elevated metabolic health issues have declining vascular …

Acute Effects Of Vinyasa Flow Yoga On Lipid Profile And Fasting Glucose, Adetola Fadeyi, James Shadiow, Alexander Piña, Anabel Chavez, Stacy D. Hunter

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia are modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) which could be impacted by yoga. Short- and long-term interventional trials have demonstrated the efficacies of various styles of hatha yoga in improving both lipid profile and fasting glucose concentrations; however, the acute effects of hatha yoga on these measures are unknown. Vinyasa flow yoga is a style of hatha yoga characterized by continuous movement, smooth transitioning between postures, and a synchronization of breath and posture transitions. To date, it is unknown whether this style of yoga can alter lipid profile or glucose concentrations. PURPOSE: The purpose of …

Effect Of Sleep Disturbances On Gait Performance Among College Students: A Piot Study, Tara Bridgeman, Yang Hu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Shih-Feng Chou, Shih Yu "Sylvia" Lee, Xuanliang Dong

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sleep disturbances from stress are common among college students and may provoke cognitive and brain changes associated with gait abnormalities. PURPOSE: to examine the association between stress, sleep disturbances and gait performance among college students . METHODS: College students were asked to perform gait analysis with an in-shoe pressure measurement system (F-Scan, Tekscan, South Boston, MA) before and after the midterm exam. Cadence, step time, stride time, stance time and swing time were measured for both dominant and non-dominant foot. Meanwhile, 14-days consecutive wrist actigraphy data and three sets of questionnaires were collected to access their stress, sleep …

The Effect Of Personality And Motivation On Athletic Performance, Erika R. Dubros

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Motivation is key for athletes to perform at their peak performance. However, not all individuals are motivated in the same way. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study is to determine the effect of participant’s personality traits and applied intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on the performance of a high intensity and low intensity physical task. METHODS: Fourteen participants (8 women, 6 men), with a mean (sd) age of 20.14 (0.91) yrs, completed the Ten-Item Personality Inventory to determine personality types (neuroticism, conscientiousness). Participants then performed in a random order, a high intensity physical activity (pacer test) and a low intensity …

Cardiorespiratory Responses During Body Weight Supported Treadmill Exercise, Shana John, Callie Sun, Kyle D. Biggerstaff

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Treadmills which partially support body weight (BWST) are increasingly used to allow weight bearing treadmill exercise to be performed during rehabilitation. PURPOSE: This investigation determined cardiorespiratory responses during BWST exercise. METHODS: Participants (n=15; age=22.1±2.1yrs; BMI=27.4±5.9kg/m²) volunteered to perform two bouts of treadmill walking on a standard treadmill (ST) and a BWST with 25% of body weight supported by the BWST. Each trial consisted of three 6 minute stages at 2.8mph and 2%, 5%, and 8% grade with a two minute warm-up and cool-down at 2.0 mph and 0% grade. Oxygen consumption (VO₂), carbon dioxide …

Do Implantable, Progestin Only Contraceptives Alter The Bone Response To Unloading?, Ximena S. Vargas, Heather Cm Allaway, Sarah Little, Susan Bloomfield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Hormonal contraception is routinely used by premenopausal women, including female astronauts, to suppress reproductive function. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC-progestin only) have become a common choice amongst women due to their practicality. PURPOSE: Understand the interaction of unloading and LARC on bone health. We hypothesize that the decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and cortical thickness of the tibia associated with hindlimb unloading (HU) will be lessened by LARC implantation. METHODS: Virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=26; 4-mo-old) were singly housed and randomly assigned to placebo (PL) and LARC groups, via a slow-release etonogestrel pellet (0.00 vs. 0.09 vs. 0.17 …

The Effects Of Different Intensities Of Resistance Training On Hemodynamics, Edna Giselle Valadez Ortiz, Darian Gonzalez, Lynda Rosas, Akaela Rae Vidaña, Elisa Orozco

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of different resistance training intensities on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses. METHODS: 12 males and 12 females (19-28 age) participated in the study (5 sessions). On the first day, initial screening, anthropometric measures, cycle ergometer seat height, leg extension/leg curl machine setting, and familiarization with testing procedures were completed. On the second day, one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing was completed in 2 trials for each machine, starting with 10 min warm up on the cycle ergometer. Following general warm up, subjects performed specific warm up at 50% …

Physiological Responses To Running On A Land And Anti-Gravity Treadmill, Sarah M. Mitchell, David L. Nichols Ph.D., Facsm, Brandon R. Rigby, Kyle Biggerstaff

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Walking or running using partial body weight support can be a valuable rehabilitation tool when individuals are unable to exercise at full weight bearing capacity due to injury or pain. An anti-gravity treadmill (AGT) can provide varying levels of unweighting to effectively reduce the loads on the lower extremity. PURPOSE: To determine differences between cardiorespiratory responses while running on a land treadmill and on an anti-gravity treadmill (AGT) during 30 min of exercise followed by a run to volitional fatigue. METHODS: Participants (n=12, age=22.0 ± 4.3 years, weight=68.0 ± 13.0 kg) completed four visits (1 familiarization session and …

Spatiotemporal Parameters Of Gait In Active Older Adults, Suzanna Buckingham, Palma Rodriguez-Enriquez, Shana John, Roselle-Mae Robles, Marco Avalos, Brandon R. Rigby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Spatiotemporal parameters of gait can be defined as the time and space characteristics of an individual’s pattern of walking. Gait patterns often change as a result of aging, accompanied by changes in these parameters. PURPOSE: To analyze various spatiotemporal parameters of gait in active older adults and to compare them to known parameters in healthy older adults. METHODS: Spatiotemporal parameters were collected using a timing walkway (GAITRite®, Franklin, NJ). Twenty-three recreationally active participants (9 males and 14 females), age 67.7 ± 9.1 years, who participated in at least 150 min/week of physical activity, were recruited from local outreach …

Education And Use Of The Lelli Test In The Clinical Setting, Nathalie De La Torre, Eduardo Escobar

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The knee ligament most susceptible to injury is the anterior cruciate.²˒⁵˒⁸ Detection of a ruptured ACL tear is pivotal in the course of injury care and management process.⁸ The gold reference standard for diagnosing an ACL tear has been arthroscopic evaluation.²˒⁵ However, a MRI may be used as an alternate because it is non-invasive, and it has a sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 94%.²˒⁵ Before the gold reference standard is used, a combination of physical examinations must be performed. The three physical examinations chosen by surgeons because of the exams’ highly researched validity are the Lachman test, Anterior Drawer …

Effect Of Wheelchair Transfer Surface Firmness On Acceleration Of The Torso, Cassandra Chang, Scott P. Mclean, Edward Merritt, Laura Vides

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Moving from a surface that provides adequate support can affect the quality of wheelchair transfers such that softer surfaces, which are less supportive may compromise these movements. PURPOSE: This research examined the effect of surface firmness on wheelchair transfer performance. METHODS: A convenience sample of fourteen healthy, able-bodied college students, who’s average height, weight and age were 76kg, 167 cm, and 20.5 years, respectively, participated in this study. Participants were taught a basic wheelchair transfer. A wireless triaxial accelerometer was positioned on the dorsal surface of the trunk at approximately the mid-thoracic level. Participants performed five trials under …

Exogenous Ketones Do Not Improve Cognitive Performance Measures During A Dual Stress Challenge In Healthy College Aged Males, Mathis E. Popelsky, Dylan J. Watson, Matthew J. Mcallister, Hunter S. Waldman

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Different occupations require mental clarity under physically stressful environments. Recent studies have shown ketone salt supplementation improves cognitive capacity during exhaustive exercise. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute supplementation of ketone salts on cognitive performance during a dual stress challenge (DSC) with aerobic exercise. METHODS: Sixteen (n=16) recreationally active healthy college-aged males (aged 21.9± 1.9 years, mass of 80.6± 7.4kg, height of 175.8± 8.6 cm and VO₂ peak of 40.5± 8.4 (ml•kg^-1•min^-1)participated in this placebo-controlled, triple-blinded, counter balanced, cross-over design study. The subjects completed a total of 4 …

Effects Of A 28-Day Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet On Metabolic And Performance Markers In Professional Firefighters, Andrew E. Gonzalez, Hunter S. Waldman, Matthew J. Mcallister

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE:Firefighters (FF) experience acute physiological and psychological stressors such as disturbed sleep patterns, frequent snacking, smoke exposure, and intense physical exertion, likely contributing to a significant risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and sudden cardiac death. Additionally, FF have high obesity prevalence rates and low cardiovascular fitness levels. Proper dietary and exercise regime interventions may decrease CVD risk. Carbohydrate-restricted diets (CRD) may benefit FF health through increased metabolic flexibility, decreased fat mass, and improved body composition, without negatively affecting the strength and aerobic performance. METHODS:Twenty-one healthy, male professional FF recruited from local fire departments underwent 9 testing sessions: Trials …

The Effects Of Whole-Body Vibration And Weighted Vest On Vertical Jump Power And Flexibility, Oscar Gomez Delgado, Luis Macias, Jonathan Gonzalez, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the combination of weighted vest and full body vibration platform on jump height and flexibility. METHODS: A total of 29 subjects (15 males and 14 females) completed the study. Upon completion of the paperwork, anthropometric measurements were recorded, and the subjects were familiarized with the protocol. The four randomized conditions were as follows: Combination of whole-body vibration platform and weighted vest (WBV+WV), whole-body vibration platform (WBV), weighted vest (WV), or body weight only (BW). Each experimental session was preceded by a 5-minute warmup on a cycle ergometer at …