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Effects Of Low Dose Caffeine On Post-Exercise Heart Rate Variability: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial, Cagney T. Sargent, Tareq K. Shahbal, Andres E. Carrillo, Tania Amorim, Jason R. Edsall, Emily J. Ryan, Edward J. Ryan

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(2): 103-112, 2022. Caffeine may impact post-exercise heart rate variability (HRV); although, studies have yielded inconsistent findings. We examined the effects of low dose caffeine on post-exercise HRV. Healthy, college-aged adults [n = 18; age: 22.1 ± 2.6 years; BMI: 26.9 ± 4.3 kg/m²; estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max): 45.1 ± 8.3 ml∙kg^-1∙min^-1] participated in a repeated-measures, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. During the experimental trials, participants were fitted with a heart rate monitor and a mouthpiece with a one-way nonrebreathing valve and then rested for 10 min …

Forces At The Feet, Gait Timing, And Trunk Flexion/Extension Excursion While Walking With A Gear Belt Or Gear Vest Load, Shane S. Maher, Laura L. Dill, Jennifer L. Hein, Jeff A. Nessler, Deanna J. Schmidt

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(1): 36-44, 2022. Law enforcement personnel often carry gear loads, which have a history of causing low back pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in gait and trunk posture for gear load carried on a gear belt and a gear vest. Twenty-nine participants performed load carriage in three conditions: a no load control trial (C), a symmetrically loaded gear belt (GB), and an anterior-loaded gear vest (ALV). Gear conditions had 9.07 kg of additional mass. Motion capture and insole force sensors were used to collect data while participants walked on …

Gentry, Martha Beck "Mattie" (Spangler), 1862-1940 (Mss 733), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid for Manuscripts Collection 733. Journal, 1878-1880, of Mattie (Spangler) Gentry, Covington, Kentucky, chronicling her attendance at Lexington’s Hamilton Female College and at boarding school in Orléans, France; also her journal, 1889-1898, recording her life as a music teacher and her courtship and marriage. Includes photographs and a letter to Mattie in France from the president of Hamilton College (Click on "Additional Files" for typescript).

Alterations In Glycemic Variability, Vascular Health, And Oxidative Stress Following A 12-Week Aerobic Exercise Intervention-A Pilot Study, Joshua R. Sparks, Mark A. Sarzynski, J. Mark Davis, Peter W. Grandjean, Xuewen Wang

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1334-1353, 2021. The state of being overweight or obese leads to an increased risk of development of cardiometabolic disease. Increases in glycemic variability have been associated with greater induction of oxidative stress and declined vascular health, which may be exacerbated by higher weight status and improved through exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a twelve-week aerobic exercise intervention on continuous glucose monitor (CGM) assessed glucose concentrations and glycemic variability, and biomarkers of vascular health and oxidative stress in overweight or obese adults. Eight adults (Age = 48.9 ± …

Acute Changes In Arterial Function Post High-Intensity Lower Extremity Cycling, Alyssa Weatherholt, William R. Vanwye, Jeffery L. Short, Alyssa A. Andreis, Guoyuan Huang

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(2): 1363-1374, 2021. The purpose of this study was to assess the acute arterial blood flow velocity of the lower extremity (LE) immediately after a bout of high-intensity LE cycling exercise. Twenty-eight healthy males (n = 14) and females (n = 14) aged 20.9 ± 1.7 years participated in this study. All subjects performed a single bout of high-intensity cycling (70% of HRR) for 45 min. The subjects' LE blood flow velocity, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were measured at rest, immediately post-, post-15 min., …

Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Does Not Improve The Six Minutes Walk Test Performance In Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Randomised Pilot Trial, Sarah-Maude Martin, Francois Lalonde, Elise Legault, Paula Ribeiro, Alain Steve Comtois, François Tournoux

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(2): 1354-1362, 2021. Cycles of ischemia and reperfusion induced with a pressure cuff on a skeletal muscle, also know as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), appears to improve performance in different time-trial events in healthy individuals. Our primary goal was to assess the effect of RIPC in heart failure (HF) patients’ functional capacity using the six-minute walk test (6MWT). A randomized crossover design comparing RIPC (4 x five-minutes of upper arm ischemia) to the SHAM procedure was done in 15 patients prior to a 6MWT. The primary outcome measure was the total distance walked in a …

Ua45/6 Commencement Program, Wku Registrar

WKU Administration Documents

Commencement program for fall 2021.

Counteracting Crime Or Wasting Time? Examining A Blight Abatement Cpted Project In Philadelphia, Mandolynn Mcclusky

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This study examines the relationships between a blight abatement CPTED project and the total, violent, and property crime rate in Philadelphia from 2000-2019. After controlling for certain demographics (population, median household income, median age of population, poverty level, and unemployment rate) as well as the national crime rate, no statistically significant relationship was found between the CPTED project and the crime rates with the data and measurements available to the researcher.

Physiological, Musculoskeletal & Anthropometric Characteristics & Performance Between Competitive & Recreational Surfers: A Scoping Review, Harrison Stone, Lucy Douglas, James Furness, Kevin Kemp-Smith, Mike Climstein, Sean Newcomer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 1277-1293, 2021. Surfing is the ability to ride a surfboard along the unbroken section, wall or face of a wave, as it moves closer towards the shore. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the physiological, musculoskeletal and anthropometric characteristics that can differentiate between paddling and wave riding performance in competitive and recreational surfing populations. The eligibility criteria for this scoping review included articles that distinguished between multiple surfing ability groups, identified physiological, musculoskeletal or anthropometric characteristics, were peer reviewed, and directly related to the sport of surfing. The databases …

Impact Of Social Support On The Physical Activity Behaviors Of International College Students In The United States, Mohammed A. Alshehri, Aaron Kruse-Diehr, Justin Tyler Mcdaniel, Julie Partridge, Dawn Christina Null

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(5): 1305-1319, 2021. Research has suggested that international students’ transition to the United States is often correlated with less physical activity after arriving in the U.S). One reason might be related to reduced social support when living in a foreign environment. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of social support on international college students’ physical activity behaviors. Participants (N = 318) from five public universities in one Midwest state completed an electronic survey assessing self-reported physical activity behaviors and perceived social support for exercise (SSE). Data analyses included multiple …

Tactical Circuit Training Improves Blood Pressure And Vascular Health More Than Resistance Training, Kelly C. Mclaughlin, Avery N. Perez, Stephanie Donahue, Deborah L. Feairheller

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(3): 1320-1333, 2021. Exercise training is known to reduce CVD risk factors; however, in tactical populations, like veterans and firefighters, the effects of different forms of exercise such as tactical circuit training (CT) or conventional resistance training (RT) is unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare changes in various CVD risk measures after 4-week tactical CT or RT programs. Thirty-seven firefighters (20 CT, 17 RT), 35% of whom were veterans, participated. Pre- and post-intervention measures included body fat (BF%), carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT), central and brachial BP, and indices of …

Isometric Exercise Training: A Review Of Hypothesized Mechanisms And Protocol Application In Persons With Hypertension, Jacquelyn Rickson, Stephen A. Maris, Samuel A.E. Headley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(2): 1261-1276, 2021. According to the American Heart Association 116.4 million, or 46% of US adults are estimated to have hypertension. Although, traditional moderate intensity aerobic exercise training is associated with reducing blood pressure by 5-8 mmHg, barriers to this modality of exercise training exist. Thus, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the mechanisms and incorporation of isometric exercise training (IET) as an adjunctive mode of exercise in a population with HTN. Based upon the articles reviewed from the years 2000-2020 which incorporated IET and provided clear protocols lasting 4 or more weeks, …

Taylor Family Papers (Mss 730), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 730. Letters of Aaron H. Taylor and William B. Taylor, husband and son of Carrie Burnam Taylor of Bowling Green Kentucky, written to her daughter Louise (Taylor) Beckwith regarding Carrie Taylor's estate and the affairs of Taylor’s large dressmaking business, the Mrs. A. H. Taylor Company. Also includes data on Louise Beckwith and miscellaneous papers.

Army Combat Fitness Test Performance By Sex In Rotc Cadets, Kevin Lee Withrow, J. Jay Dawes, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The U.S. Department of Defense recently opened all combat jobs to women. The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is the U.S. Army’s new assessment for measuring a soldier’s ability to execute combat-related tasks. However, issues have been raised at a national level relative to the impacts of the ACFT on female personnel. As the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) is the initial entry point for many future Army officers, it is important to analyze how male and female cadets compare in their physical abilities. PURPOSE: To investigate the between-sex differences in ACFT performance in cadets from one program. METHODS …

Lifting In An Alternate Reality: The Application Of Action Observation Within Virtual Reality And Weightlifting., Michael Weise, Nikko Cando, Alex Krause, Kim Hernandez, Rabbani Nzeza, Allyssa Alcasabas, Jake Hinkel-Lipsker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Action observation (AO), where a learner watches a model perform a skill, has long been shown to facilitate motor learning of a variety of skills. There is great interest in learning ways to optimize the AO experience in order to maximize motor learning. In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has advanced considerably, where high-fidelity environments can facilitate a fully immersive experience. As such, the three-dimensional (3D) VR experience could allow for improved learning through AO over more traditional forms (e.g., watching a computer screen). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine how well people learn a …

My Brain Hurts: A Focus On Somatosensory Complaints In Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Assessed By Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, Christine Walker, Jason Bailie, Rosemay Remigio-Baker, Ida Babakhanyan

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Somatosensory symptoms are common complaints from patients following a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), but are not specific to TBI diagnosis. This study investigated the prevalence of somatosensory symptoms in TBI patients, evaluated if symptoms severity was associated with TBI severity, and assessed the relationship of somatosensory complaints to psychological complaints commonly associated with depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). METHODS: Somatic symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI) were assessed using 7 of the 22 items from the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) which included headache, nausea, vision problems/blurriness, body numbness/tingling, taste/smell changes, light sensitivity, and noise sensitivity. …

High School Strength And Conditioning: A Narrative Review Of The Literature, Alexander Wakely, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Many high school athletes will complete strength and conditioning programs as part of their sports participation. The programs can vary in quality, and there is limited research specifically investigating programs at this level. PURPOSE: To review current literature specific to strength and conditioning training programs for high school student-athletes and calculate magnitude of performance changes. METHODS: Studies were searched for using the CSUF Pollack Library database. Search terms included “high school strength and conditioning” and “high school training programs”. Following this process, 5 studies were deemed appropriate for this narrative review. Performance changes from pre- to post-test for the strength …

Gender Differences In Physical Activity Level By Domain, Natasha Vinluan, Zachary Zenko

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Engaging in regular physical activity and exercise has been demonstrated to increase life expectancy, improve mental health, and prevent or manage noncommunicable diseases. Although the health benefits are well known, estimates suggest that the majority of women and men do not obtain the recommended amounts of physical activity per week. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess how physical activity levels differed by domain (i.e., domestic/household, transportation-related, occupational, leisure-time) between genders. This information can be useful for tailoring future interventions to promote activity. METHODS: After obtaining ethical approval, participants (79 men, 35 women; mean age: 36 …

Developing A Predictive Model For Vo2max In Middle-Distance Track And Field Athletes, Nicole Vargas, Patricia Vanoosbree, Kristyne Wiegand

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Aerobic capacity is an indicator of an athlete’s endurance and a key predictor of performance. The greater the aerobic capacity, the more oxygen available for working muscles, leading to delays in lactate buildup, thus increasing the potential for successful performance. Studies have investigated non-exercise and/or submaximal exercise measures to predict aerobic capacity, but few have analyzed the combination of maximal exercise and non-exercise measures in Division-3 runners. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study is to determine the predictive ability of heart rate (HR_max), ventilation (VE), respiratory quotient (RQ), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) on VO …

Understanding And Communicating Physical Activity Guidelines: Creating A Training Video For Health Care Providers, Jafrā D. Thomas, Bethany C. Love, Caroline N. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Like Das et al.’s study (2018, TJACSM), studies over the last decade or so have shown that many health care providers have low knowledge of peer-reviewed physical activity guidelines (PAGs, e.g., Barton et al., 2021, Physical Therapy in Sport; Douglas et al., 2006, BMC Public Health). One remedy may be educational videos. PURPOSE: This presentation details a process to create a short, interactive, educational video to train health care providers in how to advise clients in a manner consistent with PAGs. METHODS: Over a four-month period (January to April of 2021), the second author developed …

Phase Angle Is Associated With Muscular Fitness In Breast Cancer Survivors, Trevor Short, Michelle Pits, Paulette Yamada, Cheri Teranishi-Hashimoto

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Phase angle (PhA) has emerged as a prognostic indicator of survival and quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients. Identifying measures of physical fitness that correlate with PhA can provide guidance towards optimizing cancer rehabilitation programs. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between PhA and physical fitness (muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and body composition) in breast cancer survivors. METHODS: Seventy female breast cancer survivors (61 ± 9 years, PhA 4.57 ± 0.51) were referred to the rehabilitation clinic by their oncologist. Participants completed assessments for muscular strength (predicted 1-repetition maximum of incline bench press, seated cable row, latissimus …

Reverting To A Healthier Diet Or Employing An Aerobic Exercise Regime Independently Restore Muscle Fiber Phenotype Disturbed By High-Fat Diet In Muscle Of Mice, Nathan Serrano, Harkaran S. Sodhi, Kailin Johnsson, Laurel B. Winslow, Layla Al-Nakkash, Christos S. Katsanos

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity affects roughly 42% of the US population. High fat/high sugar diets (HFHS) often referred to as “western diet” contributes to this prevalence. Diet-induced obesity results in impaired metabolic responses and associated disease states (i.e., Type 2 Diabetes). Metabolic impairments in diet-induced obesity are a result of changes in muscle metabolism, and changes in muscle fiber phenotype, which is determined by the isoform-content of the protein myosin heavy chain (MHC). Fast muscle fiber phenotype (i.e. type IIb in mice) is characterized by lower capacity for utilization of lipids, implicated in the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. Regular exercise shifts MHC …

Evaluating The Validity Of The Salatto-Love And Care Of Nature Direct Indication Scale Against The Love And Care Of Nature Scale During Rest And After Self-Paced Hiking, Robert W. Salatto, Dustin W. Davis, Elias M. Malek, Charli Aguilar, Jeff Montes, Nathaniel Bodell, Jacob W. Manning, Mark Debeliso Phd, James Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

There are several scales used to measure one’s connectedness to or love of nature. Amongst these scales is The Love and Care of Nature Scale (LCN), which has been used across several disciplines in research. While the LCN is a valid and reliable scale, completing the 15-question scale may be time consuming and difficult during field research. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current investigation was to establish a fast, easy-to-administer, and easy-to-understand visual analog scale that is valid for evaluating participants’ connectedness to or love of nature. METHODS:Nineteen participants met on two consecutive days at Thunderbird Gardens Trailhead in …

Body Composition And Fitness Characteristics From Structural Firefighters In A Health And Wellness Program: Differences According To Injury Status And Location, Tomas J. Ruvalcaba, Daniel Higuera, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, J. Jay Dawes, Kristina A. Ross, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Structural firefighting can put firefighters at an elevated risk for injury. Numerous health and fitness characteristics (body composition, flexibility, muscular strength and endurance, aerobic capacity) can influence the performance of fireground operations, and could help prevent injury in firefighters. PURPOSE: To analyze the differences in health and fitness between healthy firefighters, and firefighters who reported a current upper-body, lower-body, or back injury. METHODS: Archival data from structural firefighters in a health and wellness program was investigated (258 males; 12 females). Body composition data included height; body mass; body mass index (BMI); body fat percentage; fat and lean body mass; waist …

College Students’ Perceived Stress In Relation To Physical Activity Behaviors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Holli Rosas, Andrea Hughes, Sarah L. Dunn Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

College students may experience heightened stress during a global pandemic. It is well known that psychological distress during times of uncertainty and sedentary behaviors may lead to adverse health outcomes such as morbidity and mortality. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to positively mediate distress and other mental health outcomes. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine college students’ perceived stress levels and PA behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic and remote learning. METHODS: An Institutional Review Board approved online Qualtrics survey was used to collect data from eighty-four enrolled college students (mean age 24.4±5.79 years, 57.6% female) in …

Obstacle Negotiation Gaze Strategies Of The Physically Fatigued, Belle P. Ponce De Leon, Makena Savola, Sedona Boren, Andrew Fishman, Sarika Varma, Jacob W. Hinkel-Lipsker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: Proper obstacle negotiation while in a fatigued state is a safety concern for first responders, firefighters and other primary relief personnel in their high-risk line of work. During locomotion the central gaze is focused beyond the obstacle to plan future steps while the peripheral vision spatially tracks the obstacle. Previous work indicates that following intense exercise people experience a narrowed peripheral visual field, making them more reliant on central gaze. Thus, it is possible that when physically-fatigued people become more reliant on central gaze to perceive obstacles, leaving them unable to plan future steps as effectively.

PURPOSE: This study …

Anthropometric Predictors Of Arterial Stiffness When Adjusting For Fitness In College-Aged Adults, Riley Morton, Kyli Alvarez, Estephania Campa, Malia Nowlen, Zachary Zeigler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the largest cause of non-communicable disease death worldwide. Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of CVD. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio predict arterial stiffness. However, there is inconstancy in the literature as to which is the best predictor of arterial stiffness. Measured cardiovascular fitness is also an independent predictor of arterial stiffness and is rarely controlled for in epidemiological studies. The purpose of this study was to identify the superior anthropometric predictor of arterial stiffness after controlling for measured fitness.

METHODS: Healthy young adults were recruited from Grand …

The Impact Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk On Baseline Balance Assessment For Concussion In Collegiate Athletes, Ryan N. Moran, Nicholas G. Murray

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Recent literature has linked concussion and neuromuscular deficits in the lower extremity after injury. Neuromuscular control is frequently assessed using balance measures for concussion, but also dynamically to identify anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) risk via jump-landing movement screening. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of ACL injury risk on baseline balance assessment for concussion. METHODS: Thirty-nine healthy, collegiate female soccer (n=22) and volleyball (n=17) athletes completed the modified-Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction of Balance (m-CTSIB) and the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) test as part of routine concussion baseline testing and injury …

Changes In Vertical Reaction Force During Treadmill High-Intensity Interval Training, Jared Moore, Garry Cai, George Salem

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a popular form of exercise due to its low time burden and easily customized protocols. To date, there has been no investigation into how lower extremity loading (ie. GRF) changes over time during a HIIT protocol. Examining this load variability can help inform protocol development for different populations. PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine how the vertical reaction force (vRF) changes during a HIIT running protocol in order to elucidate how working at high intensity for 4min periods can influence subsequent lower extremity loading. METHODS: Three participants (26±3y) …

A Comparison Of High-Intensity Interval And Moderate Intensity Continuous Training On Glucose Regulation In Sedentary, Obese Individuals, Sophia R. Mirth, Brandon J. Sawyer, Dharini M. Bhammer, Glenn A. Gaesser

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is well known that exercise is beneficial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) but the ideal type of training is not clear. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on blood glucose regulation in sedentary, obese adults. METHODS: 22 sedentary, obese individuals were randomized into either HIIT or MICT. Each group exercised on a cycle ergometer 3 times/wk for 8 wks. The HIIT group performed 10, 1 min intervals at 90-95% HR_max with 1 min rest intervals in between. The MICT group performed 30 min of …