Digital Commons Network^™

Minority Stress Through Time: Sexual Minority Stress & Suicidality Across Generations, Jenessa Canen

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Research suggests that sexual minority populations are at a much higher risk for suicide than their heterosexual peers. The primary explanation for this disparity is minority stress theory. The theory of minority stress proposes that in addition to everyday stressors experienced by most people, sexual minorities experience additional unique stressors related to their sexual minority identity. Since minority stress theory was proposed in 2003, much has changed about how the United States understands and views sexual minorities. Theoretically, this should impact the way minority stress is being experienced, which may be seen by examining minority stress across sexual minorities of …

Adolescent Acceptability Of Mental Health Interventions: A Systematic Review, Norah Bufford

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Many children and adolescents experience a mental health problem, and of those that do, a significant percentage will only receive interventions in the schools. One important part of intervention research is measuring stakeholder acceptability. Research demonstrates that collecting data on student acceptability for mental health interventions in schools helps to understand student satisfaction, level of understanding, and if they would recommend the interventions to peers. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine measures used in assessing student acceptability when receiving mental health interventions in schools. Results suggest that most studies that …

A Monte Carlo Analysis Of Nonprobability Sampling & Post Hoc Corrections, Julia Hong

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Nonprobability samples are often used in place of probability samples because the former are less trouble and less expensive. Unfortunately, it is difficult to determine how well a sample represents population parameters when using nonprobability samples. Researchers attempt to mitigate the disadvantages of nonprobability sampling by performing post hoc corrections, but this adjustment may not successfully undo the effects of nonprobability sampling. To examine these effects, a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to create a pseudo-population from which samples were drawn. Forty-one conditions were replicated 10,000 times each, with each sample consisting of 100 observations. A post-stratification adjustment was made …

School Climate Research In Elementary Schools: A Systematic Review, Jessica Lafleur

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Research demonstrates that schools that cultivate a positive school climate see growth in student’s academic performance and improvements in behavior. However, a majority of the research focuses on either solely middle and high school or a district-wide view of school climate including K-12. There is a lack of research dedicated to school climate of elementary schools. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature surrounding school climate in elementary schools. A systematic search of the literature yielded thirteen studies that focused on the elementary setting. Most studies examined the teaching and learning or institutional …

Green Store - Falls Of Rough, Kentucky (Mss 754), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 754. Day book (1831-1832) and ledger (1829-1832) of the Green store, Falls of Rough, Kentucky; a paper analyzing the contents of the volumes; and miscellaneous Green family papers.

Facemask Type Impacts Dyspnea During Maximal Exercise Testing, But Mental Toughness Does Not Mediate, Devin Ramus-Wright, Alejandra Rincon Cortes, Samuel R. Vilmeau, Andreas Stamatis Dr., Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

With the increasing use of facemasks during maximal exercise testing, concerns have been raised about their impact on perceptual responses, such as dyspnea and discomfort. Mental toughness (MT) has been proposed as a potential mediator for the relationship between facemasks and perceptual responses. PURPOSE: Examine whether sensational perceptions related to facemasks and maximal exercise testing are mediated by MT. METHODS: The study utilized a randomized crossover design. Five participants completed a maximum Bruce protocol while wearing a surgical (SM), cloth (CM), N95 (N95), or no mask (NM). Perceptual responses were collected at pre-exercise (PRE), Respiratory Exchange Ratio of 1.0 (RER1.0), …

Influence Of Yoga On Psychological Health Among Ethnically-Diverse College Students, Kristelle Ira Zabala, Olga Berwid, Galila Werber-Zion

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mental health problems, such as anxiety disorders and depression, are prominent diagnoses among American college-age students. Yoga has been shown to improve psychological health in various published research studies. However, the impact of practicing yoga on urban, ethnically-diverse, minority undergraduate students has not yet been examined. PURPOSE: The current study assessed the acute and chronic impacts of a semester-long Yoga intervention on the mental health of ethnically-diverse undergraduate students. METHODS: Twenty-four students (mean age = 21.96 ± 5.63 years) participated in either a 14-week yoga program or a no-exercise control group over the course of a single semester at York …

Hip Developmental Dysplasia And Labral Tear — Weightlifting, Bill Siddiq, Richard Evanson, Kiran Hirani, Andreas Stamatis Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

HISTORY: A 26-year-old weightlifter presented to her personal trainer with left lower back pain during hinge movements, which was initially managed conservatively with rest and return to the gym. However, over the course of two years, the pain progressively worsened in both frequency and intensity, subsequently manifesting during activities of daily living and in the groin area, leading to exercise intolerance. The patient then sought an evaluation from an orthopedic surgeon for further management.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Following a physical examination, MRI was performed, revealing a labrum tear. The patient was subsequently referred to a specialist for further evaluation, who ordered …

Perceived Feelings And Dyspnea During Maximal Exercise Testing With Different Masks: A Randomized Crossover Study, Rickmann Pluviose, Alejandra Rincon Cortes, Andreas Stamatis Dr., Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the widespread use of facemasks. Concerns were raised about their comfort and functionality during exercise. Research on the subjective experiences of exercisers wearing masks during high levels of intensity is scarce. PURPOSE: To examine the sensational perceptions related to facemasks and maximal exercise testing. METHODS: The study utilized a randomized crossover design. Five participants completed a maximum Bruce protocol while wearing a surgical (SM), cloth (CM), N95 (N95), or no mask (NM). Their perceptual responses were collected at a pre-exercise (PRE), Respiratory Exchange Ratio of 1.0 (RER_1.0), and immediately post-exercise (IPE), using Feeling …

Bilateral Acl Tear — Basketball, Koree Stillwell, Nikolaos Gravvanis, Brett Hayes, Andreas Stamatis Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

HISTORY: A 16-year-old, amateur female basketball player sustained a non-contact injury on her left knee during a game (sudden cutting movement combined with a dynamic valgus collapse).

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: The acute clinical examination (signs of swelling, tenderness, or instability) did not indicate any signs of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. Three days later, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a complete ACL tear. The orthopedic doctor recommended reconstructive surgery, and subsequent KT-2000 arthrometer tests revealed an anterior tibial translation (ATT) consistent with an 80% tear of the ACL. However, the player opted to seek a second opinion and consulted …

Identifying Anger Through Gait And Balance Analysis Using Machine Learning Models, Samuel R. Vilmeau, Ali Boolani, Andreas Stamatis Dr., Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Anger may have detrimental effects on an individual's flexibility, muscle tension, and cognitive function. Gait and balance data have emerged as promising indicators for accurately identifying anger. However, the use of machine learning (ML) models in developing algorithms to predict anger levels using such data remains limited. PURPOSE: To contribute to the development of algorithms that can be used to identify individuals who are angry based on their gait and balance data. METHODS: The Profile of Mood Survey-Short Form (POMS-SF) was administered to 133 individuals (male = 50) to assess mood state, followed by the modified Clinical Test …

Impact Of Mood States On Executive Function Testing: Considerations For Sports Medicine Professionals, Eden Cormie, Ali Boolani, Zacharias Papadakis Facsm, Andreas Stamatis Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Baseline testing of executive function (EF) is frequently conducted by Sports Medicine professionals to assess post-concussion recovery in athletes. Among the neuropsychological tasks utilized for EF assessment, Serial Subtraction 3 (SS3) and 7 (SS7) are widely employed. Despite the objective nature of these tests in measuring cognition, their accuracy can be potentially impacted by mood states (e.g., anger, vigor). PURPOSE: To investigate the potential relationships between moods and performance on SS3 and SS7. METHODS: Participants (n = 198; male = 78, female = 120; Age = 37.96 ± 17.62 yrs; height = 169.70 ± 10.20 cm; weight …

Testing The Self-Verification Theory In Female Rowers Using Mental Toughness: Implications For Positive Sport Psychology, Charlotte Armstrong, Marc-Antoine D. Harris, Andreas Stamatis Facsm, Zacharias Papadakis Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mental toughness (MT) and self-verification (SV) are constructs within Positive Psychology that have been related to well-being. A key attribute for success in sports is MT, which is under-investigated in females rowing. The SV theory proposes that individuals seek to confirm and maintain their existing self-views by selectively interacting with others who validate their beliefs. Although the relevance of this theory to Positive Sport Psychology has yet to be explored, it holds the potential to elucidate the dynamic between athletes and coaches. PURPOSE: Examine whether SV theory could explain the choices made by female rowers in selecting coaches to interact …

Effect Of Last Meal Timing On Sleep Efficiency In College Students During Covid-19, Nicole Hayes, Zacharias Papadakis Facsm, Ali Boolani, Andreas Stamatis Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sleep efficiency (SE), the proportion of total sleep time to total time spent in bed, has established associations with various health and disease outcomes. Notably, the interval time between the last meal and bedtime has been shown to influence SE. Recent studies indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant disruptions to the eating and sleeping patterns of college students. PURPOSE: To explore changes in college students’ SE in relation to the timing of their last meal and bedtime during COVID-19. METHODS: We collected data from 123 college students (m_age = 19.3 years, SD = 0.97; 58 …

Screen Time And Mental Work In College Students During Covid-19: Implications For Occupational Therapy, Gabriela Herrera, Zacharias Papadakis Facsm, Ali Boolani, Andreas Stamatis Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Due to stay-at-home orders and remote learning, the COVID-19 crisis has led to increased screen time (ST) on phone/tv among college students. Prolonged ST can negatively impact mental work (MW), which encompasses the mental processes and efforts utilized when performing tasks requiring cognitive effort and attention. During this health crisis, occupational therapists (OTs) have been working with students to improve their mental well-being and cognitive function at school, through activities and exercises designed to enhance mental capacity. Longitudinal research is still needed to fully understand the extent of the relationship between ST and MW and identify interventions that can reduce …

Effect Of Substitution Time On Physical, Technical And Cognitive Performance In Sub-Elite Male Field Hockey Players, Thomas W. Spooner, Andrew T. West, Mark Et Willems

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(6): 497-512, 2023. We examined the effects of substitution time (i.e., recovery time) in a simulated field hockey test on physical, technical and perceptual/cognitive performance. Nine sub-elite male field hockey players (age: 20 ± 2 yrs, height: 1.81 ± 0.06 m, body mass: 71 ± 10 kg, body fat: 10.3 ± 3.7%, O_2max: 67 ± 3 completed four 8-min 40-s bouts of high-intensity intermittent exercise with 2-min and 5.5-min substitution time replicating the demands of a 4-quarter field hockey match. After each bout, a 15-m maximal sprint, agility/dribbling test, passing accuracy test, and …

Effect Of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Training On Control Of Involuntary Muscular Torque And Stimulation Intensity In Older Adults, Kyndall P. Ramirez, Nigel C. Jiwan, Joni A. Mettler Ph.D

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(3): 482-496, 2023. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 4-week neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) training regimen on involuntary torque output and electrical stimulation intensity in older adults. Twelve older adults (ages: 68.4 ± 6.5 years; men: n = 6, women: n = 6; weight: 158.6 ± 27.3 lbs; height: 65.2 ± 2.1 in) received submaximal intensity NMES to the quadriceps for 4 weeks to determine training-related changes in stimulation intensity and involuntary control of muscular torque during the NMES protocol. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare torque …

Ua12/2/2 Talisman: Surreal Issue No. 14, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

Spring 2023 Talisman:

• Broekema, Gabi. Surrealism
• Hunter, Leah. Surreal
• Cox, Samantha. Surrealism
• Plescia, Audrey. Horoscopes
• Booth, Pandora. Dreamscapes
• Ousley, Rachael. Body & Soul – Yoga, Susan Tutino
• Coles, Jack. Tool for the Future – Artificial Intelligence
• Sandlin, Ellie. Altered Minds – Drug Experimentation
• Neidlinger, Heather. Little Dipper
• White, Peyton. Pure Adrenaline – Rodeo, Skateboarding, Boxing, Rock Climbing
• Plescia, Audrey. The Hill is Haunted
• Richer, Cailyn. Threads of Expression – Fashion
• Jefferson, Reginald. Momentum
• Bruck, Lasikka. At Death’s Door – Yenni Gonzalez, Zoe Avery, Hannah Smith
• Meyers, Jeffrey. Voice in Movement – Theatre & Dance, National Dance Education Association
• Surreal Playlist

Ua45/6 Commencement Program, Wku Registrar

WKU Administration Documents

Commencement program listing graduates.

Ua19/16/2 Basketball Press Releases, Wku Athletic Media Relations

WKU Administration Documents

Press releases and game statistics for WKU men's basketball team from January to July 2023.

A Comparison Of Continuous And Interval Exercise On Cognition In Young Adults, Emily C. Tagesen, Lawrence W. Judge, David M. Bellar

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(5): 458-468, 2023. Exercise stimulates the production and secretion of testosterone, cortisol, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and affects cognitive performance. However, the interaction of these variables is unknown. To investigate these interactions, 21 college-aged men completed two work-matched exercise protocols: continuous (CONT) exercise and an interval protocol (INT). Blood and saliva samples were collected before and after exercise to quantify BDNF, cortisol, and testosterone. Participants completed a battery of cognitive assessments after exercise. A MANOVA analysis of condition demonstrated that no domains were significantly different after CONT and INT (p > 0.05). A repeated …

Small Demos, Big Impacts When Teaching Exercise Physiology, Erin White

Educational Practices in Kinesiology

Comprehension of exercise physiology topics as an undergraduate student can be difficult. Thus, finding creative ways to present material can improve student comprehension and retention. The purpose of the three demonstrations presented will teach three concepts to lower-division students in an undergraduate Exercise Physiology course (prerequisite knowledge in college-level Human Anatomy and Human Physiology courses). These demonstrations take place in-person, in the classroom, with an estimated total time commitment of approximately10 minutes. The purpose of demonstrations 1 and 2 will aid students in differentiating between Golgi Tendon Organs (Demonstration 1) and muscle spindles (Demonstration 2), including their location and protective …

Ijes Self-Study On Participants’ Sex In Exercise Science: Sex-Data Gap And Corresponding Author Survey, Matthew J. Garver, James W. Navalta, Michel J.H. Heijnen, Dustin W. Davis, Joel D. Reece, Whitley J. Stone, Shannon R. Siegel, T. Scott Lyons

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(6): 364-376, 2023. A sex-data gap exists between females and males within the sport and exercise science literature, and implications are far-reaching. The purpose of this work was to (a) heed recent calls and scrutinize data from within IJES to address the gap and (b) gain insight on self-identified sex of IJES corresponding authors. The present self-study included all published manuscripts from 2008 through 2021. A total of 851 publications were included, and 806 (94.7%) reported data on participant sex. There was a difference between publications that included only females (n = 132) versus …

Directing Attention Externally Produces Consistent Vertical Jump Assessment Results, Logan T. Markwell, Hubert Makaruk, Vanessa Frost-Piedrahita, Jared M. Porter

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(5): 448-457, 2023. Recent research has demonstrated that consistent external attentional focus instructions produce more reliable jumping measurements compared to non-consistent focus of attention instructions. While previous research has examined the effects of different external attentional focus instructions, less is known about different external focus of attention instruction effects during a vertical jump. Given that previous work has demonstrated that consistent external focus of attention instructions produced reliable jumping estimations, we hypothesized that using multiple methods to direct attention externally would produce consistent vertical jump results. Using a within-participant design, college aged students (n …

Reliability Of A Novel Automated Ultrasound Technology For Body Composition Assessment And Comparisons With Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Adam Bradley, Lukus Klawitter, Emma Carver, Zach Johnson, Ryan Mcgrath, Sherri Stastny, Bryan Christensen, Kyle Hackney

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4): 393-401, 2023. Body composition tools vary in reliability, portability, and accessibility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate test-retest reliability of MuscleSound® (MS) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for both two compartment (region) and three compartment (tissue) models. A secondary aim was to compare body composition values produced by both devices. Fifty participants (n = 25 male, n = 25 female) aged 18-39 years completed two body composition assessments, twice in a single session. Participants arrived at the lab after a 12-hour fast. DXA required participants to lay supine for 10-15 minutes …

Effects Of Different Percentages Of Blood Flow Restriction On Muscle Oxygen Saturation While Walking, Clayton Shriver, Yvette Figueroa, Jayson R. Gifford, Patrick Davis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(2): 411-428, 2023. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of different relative pressures of blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂) while walking at 3.0 mph (4.83 kph). Fifteen physically active healthy adults performed seven 5-minute stages of walking at 3.0 mph with a blood flow restriction cuff applied to the proximal portion of the left or right leg while bilateral SmO₂ changes were measured using near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) on the medial head of the gastrocnemius (GM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles. Other measurements including …

Arch Stiffness Does Not Determine Running Economy In Recreational Runners, Ian Bradford, Padraig Kirkwood, Jared Eddy, Phillip Essenmacher, Jean L. Mccrory, Brian K. Leary

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(2): 402-410, 2023. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between foot length, arch stiffness, and running economy in recreational runner at low running velocities. Sixteen trained endurance (age 20.5 ± 0.4 yrs, height 172 ± 1.8 cm, and mass 68.53 ± 2.40 kg) athletes had their foot anthropometrics and running economy measured. Foot anthropometrics including Foot Length (FL), Arch Stiffness Index (ASI), and Achilles Tendon Moment Arm Length (ATML) were assessed. Subjects then completed a maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max) test and running economy (RE) assessment. RE was measured …

Training Status Impacts Metabolic Response To A High-Protein Weight Loss Diet In Recreationally Resistance-Trained Females., Alyssa A. Olenick, Regis C. Pearson, Nathan T. Jenkins

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(2): 377-392, 2023. This study investigated the effects of a novel high-protein diet template on postprandial metabolism and body composition (e.g., waist and hip circumference, body fat (%), fat mass, fat-free mass) in recreationally resistance-trained females. Fifteen females adhered to an eight-week high-protein dietary intervention (~1.5-1.6 g·kg^-1·day^-1) administered via template format. Pre- and post-intervention visits included anthropometrics, measurement of body composition, and an acute high-fat meal challenge. The high-fat meal challenge (61% fat) consisted of fasting postprandial blood glucose, resting metabolic rate (RMR), fat and carbohydrate oxidation assessed at 60-, 120-, …

Anthropometric Predictors Of Conventional Deadlift Kinematics And Kinetics: A Preliminary Study, Dale S. Keith, Daniel Scherrer, Brandon Nunley, Jake R. Boykin, Jacob J. Green, Madelin R. Siedler, Christian Rodriguez, Patrick S. Harty, Matthew T. Stratton, John R. Harry, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(1): 429-447, 2023. The purpose of this preliminary analysis was to determine if there are relationships between anthropometric characteristics (arm length, torso length, thigh length, and shank length) and conventional deadlift (CDL) kinematics and kinetics during a 5 sets of 5 repetitions (5 x 5) CDL routine in resistance-trained males. Eleven males who had experience with the deadlift exercise were included in this analysis (age: 21.5 ± 1.4 y; height: 180.7 ± 5.7 cm; body mass: 89.9 ± 16.0 kg). Anthropometrics were measured by a 3-dimensional optical scanner. The participants underwent a 5 x 5 …

Smith Family Papers (Sc 3679), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid, scans and typescripts (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3679. Two items relating to the Smith family of Warren County, Kentucky: a letter, 18 November 1852, from Amanda M. F. Withers, Dripping Spring, Edmonson County, Kentucky, to Sarah Hampton in Warren County; having recently moved, she describes her labors setting up housekeeping, gives regards to her friends and Sarah’s family, advises Sarah to be careful in choosing a husband, and asks to be sent some plant cuttings. Also, a codicil to the will of Sarah’s future father-in-law Daniel C. Smith, 1868.