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Articles 781 - 810 of 1943

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Molecular Characterization Of Lhx8, An Oocyte-Specific Transcription Factor, And Its Interacting Proteins In Rainbow Trout And Cattle, Liyuan Fu Jan 2016

Molecular Characterization Of Lhx8, An Oocyte-Specific Transcription Factor, And Its Interacting Proteins In Rainbow Trout And Cattle, Liyuan Fu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

LIM homeobox 8 (Lhx8) is an important transcription factor that is preferentially expressed in germ cells. Lhx8 null mice are infertile due to lack of oocytes and impairment of the transition from primordial follicles to primary follicles. Lhx8 deficiency also affects the expression of many important oocyte-specific genes. To date, no attempts have been made to investigate the existence of any cellular factors that might interact with Lhx8 protein in oocytes and early embryos. In this study, we report the characterization of rainbow trout and bovine Lhx8 genes and identification of important germ cell-specific nuclear factors that interact with Lhx8 …

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The Effects Of Feed Ingredients And Manufacture Technique On Pellet Quality And Phytase Inclusion Levels On Broiler Performance, Tyler R. Rigby Jan 2016

The Effects Of Feed Ingredients And Manufacture Technique On Pellet Quality And Phytase Inclusion Levels On Broiler Performance, Tyler R. Rigby

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different ingredients and manufacture techniques on the quality of pellets being produced as well as to examine how broiler performance will be affected by the dose of phytase product included in the diet. Chapter 3 explores the effects of a manipulation of either feed ingredient or manufacture technique (referred to as concern areas) on manufacture and pellet quality variables. Treatments included high or low mixer-added fat (2.5 vs. 0.5%), high or low distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) (8 vs. 2%), high or low dicalcium phosphate (1.63 vs. 0.31%), and high or …

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Switchgrass And Miscanthus Biomass And Theoretical Ethanol Production From Reclaimed Mine Lands In West Virginia, Steffany M. Scagline Jan 2016

Switchgrass And Miscanthus Biomass And Theoretical Ethanol Production From Reclaimed Mine Lands In West Virginia, Steffany M. Scagline

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Awareness of environmental issues surrounding current energy practices has opened doors for new possibilities for energy solutions. The 2003 Energy Independence and Security Act mandates that by the year 2022, 16 billion gallons per year of fuel in the United States (U.S.) will be coming from cellulosic bioenergy sources. Herbaceous crop species like switchgrass have been proposed as potential cellulosic crops to meet future energy needs. Switchgrass is a native warm season grass to North America and has been studied on marginal lands and reclaimed mine lands for biomass production capabilities in the U.S. Another species which has been considered …

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Exercise As A Treatment For Conduit Artery Dysfunction In A Comorbid State Of Metabolic Syndrome And Depressive-Like Symptoms, Chris Skinner Jan 2016

Exercise As A Treatment For Conduit Artery Dysfunction In A Comorbid State Of Metabolic Syndrome And Depressive-Like Symptoms, Chris Skinner

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Metabolic Syndrome (Mets) is a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors that results in a three-fold increase in cardiovascular disease. MetS is known to be associated with adverse arterial remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, increased inflammation, and conduit artery dysfunction. Depression/chronic stress is emerging as a potent contributor to MetS, with MetS also aiding in the progression of depression, and thus increased vascular dysfunction. These bi-directional comorbidities are continually increasing in prevalence, justifying a need for research on their interplay and potential treatments. Aerobic exercise is a widely accepted therapy for the risk factors associated with MetS, mental …

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Evaluating The Effect Of Feed Mixing And Sampling Methodologies On Nutrient Analysis And The Inclusion Of A Novel Protease In Broiler Diets, Danielle A. Reese Jan 2016

Evaluating The Effect Of Feed Mixing And Sampling Methodologies On Nutrient Analysis And The Inclusion Of A Novel Protease In Broiler Diets, Danielle A. Reese

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Proper poultry feeding requires a homogenous mixture of macro and micro ingredients to ensure feed nutrients are being supplied to meet bird requirements. Samples of complete feed may be taken during manufacture and analyzed for nutrient content in order to estimate if nutrients are present in feed in accordance to diet formulation. However, variables associated with mixing and feed sampling may influence the results of nutrient analysis, thus over or under estimating the formula comparison. The objective of this study was to vary mix time, sample location, sample number, and sample blending technique on nutrient analysis. Ingredients were mixed in …

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Voluntary Wheel Running Improves Recovery From Muscle Disuse In Mice, Matthew J. Brooks Jan 2016

Voluntary Wheel Running Improves Recovery From Muscle Disuse In Mice, Matthew J. Brooks

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The reloading of atrophied muscles from weightlessness or disuse results in injury and prolonged recovery. Satellite cells, or muscle stem cells, have a key role in facilitating injury-induced muscle repair but have not been shown to be required in muscle remodeling following atrophy. However, it has been less clear if low-impact exercise, such as voluntary wheel running, could provide a sufficient stimulus to enhance muscle recovery from atrophy through satellite cell activation. This study aimed to determine if voluntary wheel running improved recovery from muscle disuse following hindlimb suspension unloading (HSU), and if the recovery was associated with exercise-induced satellite …

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The Relationship Between Plasma Osmolarity And Feed Efficiency In Beef Cattle And Effect Of Feeding Cows Medicated Feed Through Mineral Containing Altosidrtm Igr On The Growth Of Beef Calves, Taylor Diane Harrison Jan 2016

The Relationship Between Plasma Osmolarity And Feed Efficiency In Beef Cattle And Effect Of Feeding Cows Medicated Feed Through Mineral Containing Altosidrtm Igr On The Growth Of Beef Calves, Taylor Diane Harrison

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Dietary cation-anion modification in cattle has effects on productivity through various means. Alterations of dietary cation-anion balances has been shown to affect plasma osmolarity. Plasma osmolarity is directly related to renal function and metabolism in all animals. In a feeding operation with a single diet fed to a similar population of animals, plasma osmolarity should fall within a somewhat normal range (approximately 270-310 mOsm). However, subtle, yet very distinguishable differences will exist between animals. In theory, variances in osmolarity may reflect differences in metabolism and as such, efficiency of feed utilization. Many researchers believe that utilizing residual feed intake (RFI) …

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Feeding Soy Protein Isolate Andor Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids On The Spleen-Liver Axis In A Female Rat Model Of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease With Liver Steatosis, Lauren Gibson Jan 2016

Feeding Soy Protein Isolate Andor Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids On The Spleen-Liver Axis In A Female Rat Model Of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease With Liver Steatosis, Lauren Gibson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

ABSTRACT Feeding Soy Protein Isolate and/or Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Spleen-Liver Axis in a Female Rat Model of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease with Liver Steatosis Lauren Brooke Gibson Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a congenital hepatorenal fibrocystic syndrome with a mortality rate of 30% during the first year of life. The most common extra-renal manifestation of ARPKD is liver disease with a greater rate in females due to their higher estrogen levels. Abnormal spleen enlargement (splenomegaly) has been found to occur in 60% of ARPKD patients. In the absence of effective medications to treat the …

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Evaluating The Efficacy Of Various Modalities To Improve Arterial Stiffness, Corey Moore Jan 2016

Evaluating The Efficacy Of Various Modalities To Improve Arterial Stiffness, Corey Moore

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increase in cardiovascular (CV) mortality, partially due to arterial stiffening, which can be measured non-invasively via pulse wave velocity (PWV). Arterial stiffness is a clinically relevant CV marker of mortality, an increase in PWV by only 1 SD is associated with an increased CV risk of 15%. Land based aerobic exercise, both chronic and acute, has previously been identified as an effective method for improving arterial health. Unfortunately, land based aerobic exercise is not feasible for all populations, therefore a more effective treatment modality must be elucidated. Aquatic exercise has previously been shown …

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Distal Determinants Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Amna Umer Jan 2016

Distal Determinants Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Amna Umer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. West Virginia (WV) has one of the highest prevalence of CVD in the United States. The first two studies examined the association between perinatal risk factors (birth weight (BTW) and breastfeeding) and subsequent childhood and maternal CVD risk factors 11 years post-partum. The purpose of the third study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the evidence regarding the relationship between childhood obesity and adult CVD risk factors.;Method: We used longitudinally linked data from three cross-sectional datasets in WV for the first …

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Sphingolipid Metabolism And Insulin Resistance In Dairy Cattle, Jorge Eduardo Rico Navarrete Jan 2016

Sphingolipid Metabolism And Insulin Resistance In Dairy Cattle, Jorge Eduardo Rico Navarrete

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

No abstract provided.

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Designing A Valid And Reliable Instrument To Measure Teachers' Use And Perceptions Of Initiatives That Address The Low Socioeconomic Achievement Gap In West Virginia Title I Schools, Rosemary Beatrice Coyle Anderson Jan 2016

Designing A Valid And Reliable Instrument To Measure Teachers' Use And Perceptions Of Initiatives That Address The Low Socioeconomic Achievement Gap In West Virginia Title I Schools, Rosemary Beatrice Coyle Anderson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Initiatives that research tells us should be increasing achievement for poor children have not succeeded in reducing the achievement gap for the low socioeconomic subset in the United States and in West Virginia schools (Reardon, 2011; WVDE, 2009). This study developed a valid and reliable instrument to examine teachers' perceptions of the use of 16 research based initiatives that have been directed to improving the achievement gap of poor children. The research question was: What are the psychometric properties of a survey instrument that is designed to assess teachers' perceptions of the uses and effectiveness of reform initiatives that have …

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Paradoxical Roles Of Nanoparticles In Cancer Therapeutics And Carcinogenesis, Emily Despeaux Jan 2016

Paradoxical Roles Of Nanoparticles In Cancer Therapeutics And Carcinogenesis, Emily Despeaux

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Nanoparticles (NPs) are becoming increasingly common in consumer goods and are under investigation for a variety of industrial and biomedical applications. However, challenges in determining NP toxicity may prevent them from reaching their full potential. NPs cannot be treated as single class for toxicity evaluations. Even among particles made from the same material, particle-specific physical properties, including size, shape, surface charge, agglomeration state, and surface modifications have a strong effect on the toxicity. Even so, the obstacles to conclusively and reproducibly evaluating toxicity span all NP classes. NP literature is riddled with confusing and often contradictory reports regarding the biocompatibility …

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Controls On Ecosystem Nitrogen (N) Status And Carbon (C) Balance In Red Spruce Forests Located In A Region Of Historically High Atmospheric N Deposition., Kenneth R. Smith Jan 2016

Controls On Ecosystem Nitrogen (N) Status And Carbon (C) Balance In Red Spruce Forests Located In A Region Of Historically High Atmospheric N Deposition., Kenneth R. Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen (N) can have a strong influence on patterns of carbon (C) and N cycling in forest ecosystems. High-elevation red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) forests in the central Appalachian Mountains have historically been among the most sensitive ecosystems to the negative effects of N deposition. I examined the primary environmental factors that influence 1) N status, 2) belowground C balance, and 3) red spruce aboveground growth in seven high-elevation study sites that are located in an area where N deposition has been historically moderate to high. I established the seven sites in 2011 along a transect …

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Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Preference Of Aquatic Versus Terrestrial Prey In Appalachian Headwater Streams, Erin E. Thayer Jan 2016

Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Preference Of Aquatic Versus Terrestrial Prey In Appalachian Headwater Streams, Erin E. Thayer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis aims to investigate the foraging behavior of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), specially focusing on prey preference. Brook Trout are mainly restricted to head-water streams in Appalachia, which is a portion of their native range. These environments generally have low autochthonous materials. Therefore, resident aquatic organisms rely heavily on terrestrial inputs, i.e. leaf litter and terrestrial invertebrates (TI's), to subsidize individual energy requirements at critical times of the year. There is mixed evidence demonstrating stream dwelling trout show either a feeding preference towards aquatic invertebrates (AI's) or towards TI's. Chapter one is an in depth literature review of headwater …

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Gender-Specific Motivators And Barriers To Adopting Healthful Diets And Losing Weight Among Middle-Aged West Virginians, Stephanie K. Thompson Jan 2016

Gender-Specific Motivators And Barriers To Adopting Healthful Diets And Losing Weight Among Middle-Aged West Virginians, Stephanie K. Thompson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Gender-specific motivators and barriers to adopting healthful diets and losing weight among middle-aged West Virginians Stephanie K. Thompson Background: About 70% of West Virginia adults are overweight and obese. Diet is a modifiable determinant of weight-related conditions. Innovative interventions are needed to help overcome the barriers to prevent and delay chronic conditions. In order to implement an intervention that is needed, learning the motivators and barriers to healthful eating and weight loss is the first step.;Objective: To learn what helps or hinders healthful eating and weight loss among middle-aged adults in West Virginia.;Methods: Gender-specific focus groups were conducted among 45 …

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Autism Spectrum Disorders Among Adults: Burden Of Healthcare Services' Utilization And Expenditures, Rini Vohra Jan 2016

Autism Spectrum Disorders Among Adults: Burden Of Healthcare Services' Utilization And Expenditures, Rini Vohra

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Study 1.;Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have extensive comorbidities. The current literature lacks documentation of prevalence of different types of comorbidities and their association with healthcare utilization and expenditures among adults with ASD as compared to adults without ASD.;Aim: To determine: 1) the differences in prevalence of psychiatric, non-psychiatric comorbidities, other health conditions, healthcare utilization, and expenditures among adults with and without ASD; and 2) the association of type of comorbidity with healthcare utilization and expenditures of adults with ASD.;Method: A retrospective cohort study using claims data from three state Medicaid Analytic eXtract was conducted. Adults aged 22--64 …

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Does Enhanced Nitrogen Input Affect The Structure And Composition Of Forest Vegetation? Results From Long-Term Experiments At The Fernow Experimental Forest, Christopher Alan Walter Jan 2016

Does Enhanced Nitrogen Input Affect The Structure And Composition Of Forest Vegetation? Results From Long-Term Experiments At The Fernow Experimental Forest, Christopher Alan Walter

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The effects of nitrogen (N) deposition have been studied in many ecosystems, and one general pattern of response that has emerged from these studies is a decline in species richness. Globally, anthropogenic deposition of N has more than doubled the ambient input of N in terrestrial ecosystems, and the rate at which humans produce reactive N continues to increase annually. As a result of both the current and projected future rates of N input, N deposition is a threat to biodiversity worldwide and is projected to contribute, along with other global change factors, to species extinction. To prevent the loss …

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Consumers' Uses Of Nutrient Content Claims And Their Relationship With Health Orientation And Online Media Exposure And Attention, Kelly A. Williams Jan 2016

Consumers' Uses Of Nutrient Content Claims And Their Relationship With Health Orientation And Online Media Exposure And Attention, Kelly A. Williams

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this research is to explore consumers' general uses of nutrient content claims on food packaging. In addition, the research looks at an individual's self-reported health orientation, as well as their personal online media usage. This study used quantitative research to explore these factors. An online survey of the individuals who make personal health and food choices was conducted to better understand their reported uses of nutritional claims, as well as their lifestyle habits. Findings suggest that individuals do use nutrient content claims while looking at food packaging, and that this significantly relates to their health orientation and …

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Responses And Adaptation Strategies Of Terrestrial Ecosystems To Climate Change, Zhen Yu Jan 2016

Responses And Adaptation Strategies Of Terrestrial Ecosystems To Climate Change, Zhen Yu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Terrestrial ecosystems are likely to be affected by climate change, as climate change-induced shift of water and heat stresses patterns will have significant impacts on species composition, habitat distribution, and ecosystem functions, and thereby weaken the terrestrial carbon (C) sink and threaten global food security and biofuel production. This thesis investigates the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change and is structured in four main chapters.;The first chapter of the thesis is directed towards the impacts of snow variation on ecosystem phenology. Variations in seasonal snowfall regulate regional and global climatic systems and vegetation growth by changing energy budgets of …

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Effects Of Rumen-Protected Methionine, Choline And Betaine On Dairy Cattle Health And Performance, Yu Zang Jan 2016

Effects Of Rumen-Protected Methionine, Choline And Betaine On Dairy Cattle Health And Performance, Yu Zang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Dairy cows experience extensive lipid mobilization in adipose tissue during the transition from gestation to lactation. A high amount of circulating non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) results in fatty liver that is associated with reduced milk production (Duffield et al., 2009), metabolic diseases (Hammon et al., 2006), and decreased reproductive performance (Walsh et al., 2007). The function of VLDL is to export TAG from liver. Previous work suggested that micronutrients supplemented may elevated VLDL export. Choline has been shown to increase milk production and milk fat yield (Erdman et al., 1991) and decrease triacylglycerol (TAG) in the liver (Pomfret et al., …

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Design And Development Of An Online Course For Careers In The Equine Industry, Crystal Elizabeth Smith Jan 2016

Design And Development Of An Online Course For Careers In The Equine Industry, Crystal Elizabeth Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The equine industry provides 640,000 jobs annually in the United States. Spending by suppliers and employees generates additional jobs for a total employment impact of 1.4 million full time equivalent (FTE) jobs. There are horses in every state, and over 4.6 million people are involved in the equine industry as owners, service providers, employers and volunteers. Overall, the horse industry directly contributes over {dollar}39 billion dollars annually to the US economy (American Horse Council, 2005). Students commonly recognize hands-on careers related to owning, training, and breeding horses, or veterinary medicine. However, fewer realize the diverse opportunities as service providers. Students …

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Quality Indicators Of Egg Sticks With Added Omega-3 Fatty Acids And Lutein Under Different Packaging And Temperature Storage, Elizabeth Smith Jan 2016

Quality Indicators Of Egg Sticks With Added Omega-3 Fatty Acids And Lutein Under Different Packaging And Temperature Storage, Elizabeth Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Omega-3 enhanced egg sticks were developed by replacing egg yolk with ?-3 rich salmon, algae, and flax oils. The eggs were fully cooked before analysis. Quality indicators for storage stability were measured throughout a 28-day period under different packaging and storage temperatures. Half of the egg sticks were vacuum packed, while the other half were aerobically covered with household plastic wrap. Further, eggs in both packaging groups were equally split into storage temperatures of 4°C and 10°C, to mimic refrigeration and temperature abuse, respectively. Quality indicators were measured each week in all groups. Quality indicators included texture (TPA, Kramer shear), …

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Development And Application Of Quantitative Gene Expression Assays In Wild-Caught, Non-Model Fish Species, Cassidy Megan Hahn Jan 2016

Development And Application Of Quantitative Gene Expression Assays In Wild-Caught, Non-Model Fish Species, Cassidy Megan Hahn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Great Lakes Basin is the most significant freshwater resource in North America. It is a central location for diverse anthropogenic enterprises and consequently has been heavily impacted by the release of toxic substances. Environmental studies increasingly identify the presence of both contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and legacy contaminants in aquatic environments; however, the biological effects of these compounds on resident fishes remain largely unknown. To address this issue, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Environmental Contaminants Programs initiated a multiagency, collaborative study which included chemical analysis of water and benthic sediment, assessment of caged fathead minnows and assessment …

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Conditioning Thermal Stability And Dose Effects Of Commercially Available Phytase Preparations On Performance And Tibia Mineralization Of Young Broiler Chickens, Victoria B. Homan Jan 2016

Conditioning Thermal Stability And Dose Effects Of Commercially Available Phytase Preparations On Performance And Tibia Mineralization Of Young Broiler Chickens, Victoria B. Homan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Phytases have become a vital part of broiler diets due to their ability to decrease feed cost and potential environmental pollution caused by the use of excessive phosphorus. The objective of the first study was to compare the effects of various inclusions of a Transgenic Phytase Corn (TPC) to a Granulated Bacteria Phytase (GBP) on 21-d broiler performance and tibia mineralization. Treatments varied in non-phytate phosphorus (Negative control (NC) = 0.2, positive control (PC) = 0.4, 0.3, and 0.35), phytase product (TPC or GBP), and phytase dose (500-3000 FTU/kg). A 2x2 factorial analysis was performed with the main effects phytase …

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The Feasibility Of A Home Telenutrition Intervention For Weight Reduction In Men In West Virginia, Michelle Campion Jan 2016

The Feasibility Of A Home Telenutrition Intervention For Weight Reduction In Men In West Virginia, Michelle Campion

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: West Virginia (WV) has one of the highest national rates of obesity, especially among middle-aged men, and one of the lowest Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) ratios per capita. Providing nutrition advice via teleconferencing may allow obese WV middle-aged men to overcome access barriers that are preventing them from overcoming obesity. However, before large-scale interventions can be effectively conducted, the feasibility must be assessed.;Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a home telenutrition weight-loss program using videoconferencing among obese men in WV. Feasibility is assessed through technical difficulties tracked throughout the intervention and through a …

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Do Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, And Nutrition Affect Healthy Weight In Middle School Students In An Appalachian Community? Children's Health Opportunities Involving Coordinated Efforts In Schools (Choices) Project, Kibum Cho Jan 2016

Do Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, And Nutrition Affect Healthy Weight In Middle School Students In An Appalachian Community? Children's Health Opportunities Involving Coordinated Efforts In Schools (Choices) Project, Kibum Cho

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background/Purpose: The study was a three-year, multi-component, school-based health programs implemented in two middle schools in an Appalachian county. The purpose of this study was to: (a) examine the association between healthy weight and physical activity, sedentary behavior, and nutrition and (b) explore predictors affecting changes in physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and nutrition. Methods: The sample consisted 1,620 subjects with 3,263 observations aged 11 to 16 years, who enrolled in the Children's Health Opportunities Involving Coordinated Efforts in Schools (CHOICES) Project in 2012-2014. Each subject was observed at least one time point. Two main analyses were conducted, a logistic regression …

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Childhood Obesity Among Young Children Living In Poverty And Associations With Activity Level, Food Choices, And Parental Perceptions, Ashlee Cunningham Jan 2016

Childhood Obesity Among Young Children Living In Poverty And Associations With Activity Level, Food Choices, And Parental Perceptions, Ashlee Cunningham

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Young children living in poverty are exposed to a number of barriers in their environment that put them at risk for physical health problems, specifically obesity and increased BMI. Physical activity level, food choices, and parental perceptions of children's weight are barriers to healthy weight in children and can consequently lead to other future developmental problems. A population of low income, preschool aged children was examined using measures of child BMI, parental income, parental education, fast food consumption, amount of TV watched, and parental perceptions of children's weight. Findings showed child BMI was related to children watching more TV in …

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The Association Between Early Dental Visits, Dental Outcomes, And Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life In West Virginia Children, Jennifer Momen Jan 2016

The Association Between Early Dental Visits, Dental Outcomes, And Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life In West Virginia Children, Jennifer Momen

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background and objectives: Early dental visits provide the opportunity to reduce the prevalence of early childhood caries through risk assessment, counseling, and provision of specific preventive measures. Despite the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry's recommendation that the first dental visit should occur by 1 year of age, many children are not receiving care until much later. Evidence that early dental visits improve dental outcomes is vital to educate parents and health care providers. Hence, this study examined the association between a child's age at the first dental visit and dental outcomes, parents' awareness of the recommendation for the first dental …

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Associations Among Task Self-Efficacy, Physical Activity And Subjective Wellbeing, Abigail M. Nehrkorn Jan 2016

Associations Among Task Self-Efficacy, Physical Activity And Subjective Wellbeing, Abigail M. Nehrkorn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The physical and psychological health benefits resulting from physical activity engagement have been documented in previous literature, including the connection between physical activity and subjective wellbeing (SWB). Associations have also been found between task-related self-efficacy and physical activity, connecting these concepts to Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (SCT; Bandura, 1982, 1997), such that retaining a higher belief in one's physical activity abilities has been associated with successful physical activity engagement. Previous literature has documented these separate associations, but not as much focus has been placed on examining task self-efficacy, physical activity, and SWB in one model, especially during the time of …

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