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Mechanism Of Stabilization Of A Bacterial Collagen Triple Helix In The Absence Of Hydroxyproline, Angela Mohs, Teresita Silva, Takeshi Yoshida, Ravish Amin, Slawomir Lukomski, Masayori Inouye, Barbara Brodsky Jan 2007

Mechanism Of Stabilization Of A Bacterial Collagen Triple Helix In The Absence Of Hydroxyproline, Angela Mohs, Teresita Silva, Takeshi Yoshida, Ravish Amin, Slawomir Lukomski, Masayori Inouye, Barbara Brodsky

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Transcriptional And Post-Transcriptional Regulation Of Gadd45Α In Response To Arsenic., Deepak Bhatia Jan 2007

Transcriptional And Post-Transcriptional Regulation Of Gadd45Α In Response To Arsenic., Deepak Bhatia

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Previously, publications from our lab had demonstrated that arsenic can regulate Gadd45α through p53-dependent and -independent manner where we explored the regulation of Gadd45α by various transcription factors, including Foxo3a, NF-κB and through stress signaling pathways such as JNK. Here we analyzed whether arsenic has any impact on the biosynthesis of Egr-1, since Egr-1 has also been reported to regulate Gadd45α in keratinocytes in response to UVB. Our results show arsenic can induce Egr-1 synthesis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To determine the regulatory sequence responsible for Egr-1 induction, we created deletion constructs in the Egr-1 promoter and found …

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Building Culture, Community, And Morality: A Case Study Of Constructivist Leadership In The Creation Of A Junior High Football Team., Mark Edward Tankersley Jan 2007

Building Culture, Community, And Morality: A Case Study Of Constructivist Leadership In The Creation Of A Junior High Football Team., Mark Edward Tankersley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This research focused upon parents, educators, and community members’ ability to influence school culture, build community, and affect student morality while engaged in a constructivist leadership model in the creation of a junior high football team. The research was conducted in one school located in a Mid-Atlantic state. I was a teacher at that school during the time the study was conducted. A qualitative case study method was chosen in order to answer the how and why questions. Multiple sources of data were collected from observations, documents, and interviews with three parents, four educators, and three community members all associated …

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Factors Regulating Arteriolar Tone During Microvascular Growth, Julie Balch Samora Jan 2007

Factors Regulating Arteriolar Tone During Microvascular Growth, Julie Balch Samora

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Growth of the arteriolar network is accompanied by progressive changes in pressure and flow, and in the metabolic environment to which the arterioles are exposed. This dissertation was carried out to investigate the extent to which mechanisms involved in local blood flow regulation may also change during this growth. We isolated gracilis muscle arterioles from weanling (age 25-26 days) and juvenile (44-66 days) rats, and studied the responsiveness of these vessels to both myogenic and endothelium-dependent stimuli. Overall arteriolar responses to the endothelium-dependent agonists acetylcholine (ACh), A23187, VEGF and simvastatin were not different between age groups. Responses of juvenile arterioles …

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Food And Environment As Predictors Of Obesity In Rural West Virginia, Leah W. Gecheo Jan 2007

Food And Environment As Predictors Of Obesity In Rural West Virginia, Leah W. Gecheo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Objective. The objective of this study was to determine the best predictors of childhood obesity in rural West Virginia. This investigation was inspired by the fact that the rate of obesity occurrence in West Virginia is relatively higher than that in the entire nation.;Method. Subjects used were Head Start children participating in food and nutrition program (FNP) in Mercer and McDowell counties in rural West Virginia. The average age was 52 months both Caucasians and African Americans. Study was conducted using USDA validated questionnaires that focused on the diet, feeding attitudes, beliefs and practices. Children's weights and heights were measured …

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Automated Ventricular Measurements Using Gabor Wavelets, Hemalatha Sampath Jan 2007

Automated Ventricular Measurements Using Gabor Wavelets, Hemalatha Sampath

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the widely used medical technologies for diagnosis of various degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. In degenerative diseases the brain atrophies resulting in enlarged ventricles. The segmentation of the ventricle and the total ventricle volume measurement can be important in the analysis of the neurological disease severity and in studies of animal models of disease used to advance treatments for people. This thesis is focused on using Gabor wavelets for ventricular measurements in a rabbit model of Alzheimer's disease.;Standard intensity-based tools like Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) used for human brain segmentation requires a priori …

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The Effect Of Α-Aminoadipate Δ-Semialdehyde Synthase Knockdown On The Lysine Requirement And Urate Oxidase Knockdown On Oxidative Stress In A Murine Hepatic Cell Line, Beth Marie Cleveland Jan 2007

The Effect Of Α-Aminoadipate Δ-Semialdehyde Synthase Knockdown On The Lysine Requirement And Urate Oxidase Knockdown On Oxidative Stress In A Murine Hepatic Cell Line, Beth Marie Cleveland

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The technique of RNA interference was applied in two different systems. In system I, RNA interference was used to knockdown expression of α-aminoadipate δ semialdehyde synthase (AASS). AASS is the bifunctional enzyme containing the lysine α-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) and saccharopine dehydrogenase activities responsible for the first two steps in the irreversible catabolism of lysine. A rare disease in humans, familial hyperlysinemia, can be caused by very low LKR activity and, as expected, reduces the lysine “requirement” of the individual. This concept was recreated in a murine hepatic cell line (ATCC, FL83B) utilizing RNA interference to achieve AASS mRNA knockdown. Cells …

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Chenodeoxycholic Acid Suppresses The Activation Of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase-Α Gene Transcription By The Liver X Receptor Agonist T0-901317, Saswata Talukdar, Sushant Bhatnagar, Sami Dridi, F. Bradley Hillgartner Jan 2007

Chenodeoxycholic Acid Suppresses The Activation Of Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase-Α Gene Transcription By The Liver X Receptor Agonist T0-901317, Saswata Talukdar, Sushant Bhatnagar, Sami Dridi, F. Bradley Hillgartner

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Compartment-Specific Phosphorylation Of Phosducin In Rods Underlies Adaptation To Various Levels Of Illumination, Hongman Song, Marycharmain Belcastro, E. J. Young, Maxim Sokolov Jan 2007

Compartment-Specific Phosphorylation Of Phosducin In Rods Underlies Adaptation To Various Levels Of Illumination, Hongman Song, Marycharmain Belcastro, E. J. Young, Maxim Sokolov

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Nraes-173 Forage Utilization For Pasture-Based Livestock Production.Pdf, Edward Barrow Rayburn Jan 2007

Nraes-173 Forage Utilization For Pasture-Based Livestock Production.Pdf, Edward Barrow Rayburn

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Dr. Edward B. Rayburn was the originator of this book series at the request of the director of NRAES. As a collaborator in the Northeast Pasture Consortium he recruited authors for the chapters in the books and served as the technical editor of the books.

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Alternative Methods Of Estimating Forage Height In Pastures Can Be Cross Calibrated, Edward Barrow Rayburn, John D. Lozier, Matt A. Sanderson, Brad D. Smith Jan 2007

Alternative Methods Of Estimating Forage Height In Pastures Can Be Cross Calibrated, Edward Barrow Rayburn, John D. Lozier, Matt A. Sanderson, Brad D. Smith

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Describes how to cross calibrate alternative measurements of pasture forage mass.

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Saudi English As A Foreign Language Learners' Attitudes Toward Computer -Assisted Language Learning, Mishal H. Al Shammari Jan 2007

Saudi English As A Foreign Language Learners' Attitudes Toward Computer -Assisted Language Learning, Mishal H. Al Shammari

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study investigated Saudi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Learners' attitudes toward Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) at the Institute of Public Administration (IPA) in Saudi Arabia. Five research questions were developed: (1) What are the Saudi EFL learners' general attitudes toward CALL at the IPA? (2) What are Saudi EFL learners' attitudes toward the CALL software used at the IPA? (3) What are the differences between IPA Saudi EFL learners' attitudes toward CALL based on their years of English learning? (4) What are the differences between IPA Saudi EFL learners' attitudes toward CALL based on their current computer knowledge? …

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Feasibility Of Using Wearable Devices For Collecting Pedestrian Travel Data, Rohit Ajmera Jan 2007

Feasibility Of Using Wearable Devices For Collecting Pedestrian Travel Data, Rohit Ajmera

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Information on the travel characteristics of pedestrians is needed in the planning and design of pedestrian facilities. Desired information includes route selected, travel speed, trip origin and destination, and delay. Conventional methods of acquiring pedestrian travel data such as trip diaries suffer from a number of limitations.;Pedometers are simple wearable devices that are receiving considerable attention in the health promotion and physical activity fields. In recent years, there have been significant developments in global positioning system (GPS) technology. User-friendly devices are now available for under {dollar}100. At the same time, more expensive wearable GPS data loggers are available in the …

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Effects Of The Common Pesticide Methoxychlor On Ovarian Steroidogenesis, Yucel Akgul Jan 2007

Effects Of The Common Pesticide Methoxychlor On Ovarian Steroidogenesis, Yucel Akgul

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Methoxychlor, an organochlorine pesticide, is released into the environment as a result of its agricultural, home and veterinary use. Following in vivo administration, it is quickly metabolized by liver to the proposed active agent, HPTE. Both methoxychlor and HPTE have been shown to exhibit weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, and they are thought to exert their effects through estrogen and androgen receptors. In vivo exposure to methoxychlor in laboratory animals causes ovarian atrophy and impaired ovarian steroid production. The effect of methoxychlor and its mechanism(s) of action on ovarian steroidogenesis are not clearly defined. The central hypothesis of these studies …

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Characterization Of Skeletal Muscle Performance And Morphology Following Acute And Chronic Mechanical Loading Paradigms, Brent A. Baker Jan 2007

Characterization Of Skeletal Muscle Performance And Morphology Following Acute And Chronic Mechanical Loading Paradigms, Brent A. Baker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Unaccustomed muscular activity (incorporating lengthening-type movements) results in skeletal muscle damage, yet effects in performance and muscle morphology from movements such as stretch-shortening contractions (which are common-type movements in daily activities) are not well characterized or quantified. Thus, determining time- and dose-dependent responses resulting from acute mechanical exposure will aid critically in understanding muscle injury kinetics and the role of repair and regeneration following this type of exposure. Furthermore, skeletal muscle mass and function declines with age and these events result in a significant impact on the aging workforce. Differentiating the response following both acute and chronic adaptive exposures in …

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Effect Of Diesel Exhaust Particles On Allergic Reactions And Airway Responsiveness In Ovalbumin-Sensitized Brown Norway Rats, Caroline Dong Jan 2007

Effect Of Diesel Exhaust Particles On Allergic Reactions And Airway Responsiveness In Ovalbumin-Sensitized Brown Norway Rats, Caroline Dong

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are the major constituent of ambient particulate matter in urban environments and occupational settings. Exposure to DEP in combination with an allergen has been demonstrated to enhance allergen-related airway inflammation, immunoglobulin (Ig) E production, and airway responsiveness (AR) in human and in animal models. However, the mechanisms behind these effects of DEP are not yet fully understood. In this study, we compared the effects of short-term DEP exposure on ovalbumin (OVA)-mediated airway responses under two exposure protocols using an OVA-allergic rat model. Male Brown Norway rats were sensitized to aerosolized OVA (40.5 +/- 6.3 mg/m3) on …

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Analysis Of Motor Activity Of Recombinant Myosin-1c, Anindita Biswas Jan 2007

Analysis Of Motor Activity Of Recombinant Myosin-1c, Anindita Biswas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Hair cells of the inner ear are responsible for hearing and balance. These hair cells are limited in number and do not regenerate following injury. To better appreciate the function of these cells it is important to understand the molecular basis of hearing and the roles of the various molecules involved in this process. The overall goal of our laboratory is to understand the molecular basis of mechanotransduction, a process that converts the mechanical sound wave to an electrical stimulus that is transmitted to the brain. We are specifically interested in the motor protein myosin-1c (Myo1c) that has been previously …

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Psychophysical Measures Of Detection & Discrimination And Effects Of Gaba Blockade In The Moth Manduca Sexta, Esther K. Mwilaria Jan 2007

Psychophysical Measures Of Detection & Discrimination And Effects Of Gaba Blockade In The Moth Manduca Sexta, Esther K. Mwilaria

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Olfactory systems must detect and discriminate odors while maintaining a degree of perceptual invariance of identity in a highly variable environment. Studies have suggested that olfactory systems of both vertebrates and invertebrates detect odors based on the interaction of specific molecular features of odorant molecules with olfactory receptor neurons. It has also been shown that changing stimulus concentration can elicit substantive changes in spatial representations of odorants. The first goal of our studies was to psychophysically characterize the ability of the moth Manduca sexta to detect and discriminate odors as a function of concentration using a Pavlovian olfactory-learning paradigm. Our …

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Inosine Ameliorates The Effects Of Hemin Induced Oxidative Stress In Broilers, Christen N. Seaman Jan 2007

Inosine Ameliorates The Effects Of Hemin Induced Oxidative Stress In Broilers, Christen N. Seaman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Previous studies have shown that chronic treatment of broilers with hemin decreases plasma concentrations of uric acid and increases leukocyte oxidative activity (LOA) whereas the inclusion of inosine produces an inverse effect. The objective of these studies was to determine whether or not inosine could serve as a potential therapy for oxidative stress. Oxidative stress was induced in broilers by the administration of hemin. Dietary inclusion of inosine was then begun either before the onset of oxidative stress induced by hemin, or as a post treatment once oxidative stress was established. Four-week-old broilers were individually banded and divided into four …

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Watercress (Nasturtium Officinale) Production Utilizing Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Flow-Through Aquaculture Effluent, Erika Nichole Smith Jan 2007

Watercress (Nasturtium Officinale) Production Utilizing Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Flow-Through Aquaculture Effluent, Erika Nichole Smith

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Dissolved nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) present in flow-through aquaculture effluent can pose the risk of eutrophication to receiving streams when discharged from flow-through systems. One potential solution to prevent nutrient loading is the establishment of an integrated system that cultures green plants in the effluent. The objectives of this research were to determine watercress' (Nasturtium officinale) growth and nutrient contents in both a hydroponic controlled environment and a flow-through aquaponic production system utilizing brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) aquaculture effluent; and to evaluate various treatments to determine the best cultural conditions for watercress in the aquaponic system for optimization as …

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Evaluation Of Heavy Duty Diesel Engines Regulated Emissions Based On Variation Of Fuel Properties By Use Of Additives, Robert Ray Tincher Jan 2007

Evaluation Of Heavy Duty Diesel Engines Regulated Emissions Based On Variation Of Fuel Properties By Use Of Additives, Robert Ray Tincher

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Heavy-duty diesel engines exhaust emissions contribute to the ambient air quality; therefore, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources Board (CARB) have created stringent emissions standards. Since the implementation of these standards in the early 1970s, overall engine and fuel technology improvement have created a significant reduction in emissions. Many different factors, such as fuel composition, properties, additives, and engine technology, influence regulated emissions constituents.;This study was completed in order to evaluate engine emissions from several different diesel fuels with and without cetane improving additives on recent and early production electronically controlled heavy duty diesel engines …

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Effects Of Ovulation Of Aged Follicles, Pregnancy Diagnosis By Ultrasonography, And Treatments During Lactation On Reproduction In Ewes, Aimee Kathryn Wurst Jan 2007

Effects Of Ovulation Of Aged Follicles, Pregnancy Diagnosis By Ultrasonography, And Treatments During Lactation On Reproduction In Ewes, Aimee Kathryn Wurst

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ewes are polyestrous and litter-bearing seasonal breeders. Although average ovulation rates are sufficient, many ovulations do not result in live offspring and ewes normally breed only once per year. As ovulation rate increases, so does the number of ovulations not represented by live births. When ultrasonographic analysis is limited to ovarian follicles that grow from 3 to 5 mm, follicular waves can be identified in sheep. In most cases, ovulatory follicle(s) develop from the ultimate follicular wave; however, ovulatory follicles can be derived from penultimate or earlier follicular waves. The relationship between lifespan of large follicles and fertility is controversial …

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Characterization Of Myosin I In The Inner Ear, Kelli R. Phillips Jan 2007

Characterization Of Myosin I In The Inner Ear, Kelli R. Phillips

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Specialized epithelial cells, called hair cells, detect stimuli perceived by the organs of the inner ear. Such stimuli deflect the sensing organelle of the hair cell, the hair bundle. This force is proposed to create tension in the tip link, an extracellular filamentous structure, and open mechanically-gated ion channels. This process, called mechanotransduction, allows ions to enter the hair cell and results in its depolarization. During prolonged stimuli, the sensitivity of the hair cell is maintained by adaptation. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate either mechanotransduction or adaptation.;Myosin-1c (Myo1c) has been proposed to be the …

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Response And Time Allocation On Concurrent Variable -Interval Schedules Of Signaled And Unsignaled Reinforcement, Jeffrey Everly Jan 2007

Response And Time Allocation On Concurrent Variable -Interval Schedules Of Signaled And Unsignaled Reinforcement, Jeffrey Everly

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The present experiments were designed to evaluate accounts of how behavior is allocated on concurrent variable-interval (VI) VI schedules. The generalized matching law assumes that the proportion of behavior allocated to the two schedules will match the proportion of reinforcers obtained on the two schedules (Baum, 1974). An alternate view holds that under ideal conditions, behavior should "fix" almost exclusively at the richer schedule. The leaner schedule is only visited, or "sampled", when a reinforcer becomes available on that schedule (Houston & McNamara, 1981). Attempts were made to create optimal conditions for producing an ideal fix-and-sample response pattern. Pigeons were …

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Participatory Gis Approaches To Environmental Impact Assessment: A Case Study Of The Appalachian Corridor H Transportation Project., Ram Alagan Jan 2007

Participatory Gis Approaches To Environmental Impact Assessment: A Case Study Of The Appalachian Corridor H Transportation Project., Ram Alagan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation explores the strengths and weaknesses of Participatory Geographic Information System (PGIS) approaches to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) with a specific focus on the potential contribution of Geo-visualization (GVIS) in this process. The approach draws heavily on concepts developed under the broad umbrella of GIS and Society and Critical GIS. PGIS recognizes the political economy of GIS in terms of data access, data representation, structural knowledge distortion, and community empowerment as being legitimate and significant issues in the application of GIS in community projects. EIA has been adopted as one of several important environmental practices that seek to engage …

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Student-Instructor Conflict: The Relationship Between Instructor Communicative Characteristics And Student Conflict-Handling Styles., Karissa L. Zigarovich Jan 2007

Student-Instructor Conflict: The Relationship Between Instructor Communicative Characteristics And Student Conflict-Handling Styles., Karissa L. Zigarovich

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine student conflict-handling styles in regard to six perceived instructor communication traits: humor, relevance, clarity, affinity seeking, caring, and verbal aggressiveness. Participants were 286 undergraduate students enrolled in sociology courses at a large Mid-Atlantic university. Results indicated that (a) students who perceive their instructor as humorous, relevant, clear, engaging in affinity seeking and caring, but not verbally aggressive are likely to use cooperative (i.e., collaborating, compromising) conflict-handling styles; (b) students who perceive their instructor as clear are likely to not use an uncooperative (i.e., avoiding) conflict-handling style; (c) students who perceive their instructor …

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Mathematics Vocabulary Instruction For Current Non-Proficient Students With And Without Ieps: A Study Of Three Methods Of Instruction., George D. Brown Jan 2007

Mathematics Vocabulary Instruction For Current Non-Proficient Students With And Without Ieps: A Study Of Three Methods Of Instruction., George D. Brown

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this experimental study was to determine which of three methods of vocabulary instruction, including the common approach method, a combination of the common approach method and keyword method, and a combination of the common approach method and the keyword/illustration method of instruction was most effective in teaching mathematics vocabulary over the course of two mathematical units. Grade eight students (N=60) from two rural middle schools who scored at the basic level on the 2006 Maryland School Assessment (MSA) in mathematics and reading participated in this experimental study. Students with individualized education plans (n=24) and regular education students …

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The Regulation And Role Of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (Hif-1) In Human Cancer, Heath Devin Skinner Jan 2007

The Regulation And Role Of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (Hif-1) In Human Cancer, Heath Devin Skinner

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 is a heterodimeric basic-loop-helix transcription factor composed of two subunits, HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta. HIF-1beta is constitutively expressed in cells, while HIF-1alpha is upregulated by hypoxia as well as growth factors and oncogenes. In this study we focus on the regulation of HIF-1alpha expression by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), and novel functions of HIF-1alpha. Chapter 1 of this dissertation, consists of background and a brief review of the literature regarding PI3K signaling and HIF-1alpha. Chapter 2 focuses on the observation that basal HIF-1alpha expression is upregulated in ovarian cancer and the mechanism by which PI3K regulates this effect. Chapter …

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Propanil (3,4-Dcpa)-Induced Alterations Of Macrophage Function, Irina V. Ustyugova Jan 2007

Propanil (3,4-Dcpa)-Induced Alterations Of Macrophage Function, Irina V. Ustyugova

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The pesticide 3,4-dichloropropionanilide (propanil or alternatively, DCPA) is a post-emergent herbicide predominantly used for the control of weeds on commercial rice crops worldwide. The US Environmental Protection Agency report on "Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage in 2001" ranked propanil as the 17th most used herbicide in the US. It is applied on the fields via groundboom sprayers or aerial equipment suppressing photosynthesis and carbon fixation of a growing plant. The primary target of herbicide exposure is personnel working in the manufacturing and application who are required to wear personal protective equipment to minimize the exposure. The common routes of this …

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An Experimental Study Of Vertical Habitat Use And Habitat Shifts In Single-Species And Mixed-Species Shoals Of Native And Nonnative Congeneric Cyprinids., Brandon J. Keplinger Jan 2007

An Experimental Study Of Vertical Habitat Use And Habitat Shifts In Single-Species And Mixed-Species Shoals Of Native And Nonnative Congeneric Cyprinids., Brandon J. Keplinger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis includes two chapters. The first (Chapter 1) is a literature review focusing on the ecological consequences of introduced fishes on host communities, and specifically on native fishes of similar morphology and phylogenetic origins. The second (Chapter 2) is a manuscript synthesizing the aquaria based study of the interspecific relationships, with respect to habitat utilization, between two syntopically occurring congeneric species pairs in the Greenbrier River. Each pair consists of an introduced and a native cyprinid species. Several species native (often endemic) to the New River watershed are experiencing reductions in abundance and distribution. Meanwhile, a concurrent increase has …

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