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2015 Symposium Brochure

Programs

No abstract provided.

Suppression Of Arthritis-Induced Bone Erosion By A Crac Channel Antagonist, Harry C. Blair, Jonathan Soboloff, Lisa J. Robinson, Irina L. Tourkova, Quitterie C. Larrouture, Michelle R. Witt, Ida Holaskova, Rosana Schafer, Meenal Elliott, Raphael Hirsch, John B. Barnett

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objective: We have shown in vitro and in vivo that osteoclast maturation requires calcium-release activated calcium (CRAC) channels. In inflammatory arthritis, osteoclasts mediate severe and debilitating bone erosion. In the current study, we assess the value of CRAC channels as a therapeutic target to suppress bone erosion in acute inflammatory arthritis. Methods: Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in mice. The CRAC channel inhibitor 3,4- dichloropropionaniline (DCPA) and a placebo was administered 1 day prior to collagen II booster to induce arthritis. Effects on swelling, inflammatory cell invasion in joints, serum cytokines and bone erosion were measured. Results: Assays, by blinded …

Filter Presence And Tipping Paper Color Influence Consumer Perceptions Of Cigarettes, Richard J. O'Connor, Maansi Bansal-Travers, K Michael Cummings, David Hammond, James F. Thrasher, Cindy Tworek

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Cigarettes are marketed in a wide array of packaging and product configurations, and these may impact consumers’ perceptions of product health effects and attractiveness. Filtered cigarettes are typically perceived as less hazardous and white tipping paper (as opposed to cork) often conveys ‘lightness’.

Methods

This study examined cigarette-related perceptions among 1220 young adult (age 18-35) current, ever, and never smokers recruited from three eastern U.S. cities (Buffalo NY, Columbia SC, Morgantown WV). Participants rated three cigarette sticks: two filtered cigarettes 85 mm in length, differing only in tipping paper color (cork versus white), and an unfiltered 70 mm cigarette. …

The Quest To Model Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Multiple Model And Injury Paradigm Experience, Ryan C. Turner, Brandon P. Lucke-Wold, Aric F. Logsdon, Matthew J. Robson, Matthew L. Dashnaw, Jason H. Huang, Kelley E. Smith, Jason D. Huber, Charles L. Rosen, Anthony L. Petraglia

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Chronic neurodegeneration following a history of neurotrauma is frequently associated with neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms. In order to enhance understanding about the underlying pathophysiology linking neurotrauma to neurodegeneration, a multi-model preclinical approach must be established to account for the different injury paradigms and pathophysiologic mechanisms. We investigated the development of tau pathology and behavioral changes using a multi-model and multi-institutional approach, comparing the preclinical results to tauopathy patterns seen in post-mortem human samples from athletes diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). We utilized a scaled and validated blast-induced traumatic brain injury model in rats and a modified pneumatic closed-head impact …

Silica Coating Influences The Corona And Biokinetics Of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles, Nagarjun V. Konduru, Renato J. Jimenez, Archana Swami, Sherri Friend, Vincent Castranova, Philip Demokritou, Joseph D. Brain, Ramon M. Molina

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) influence their biological outcomes.

Methods

We assessed the effects of an amorphous silica coating on the pharmacokinetics and pulmonary effects of CeO2 NPs following intratracheal (IT) instillation, gavage and intravenous injection in rats. Uncoated and silica-coated CeO2 NPs were generated by flame spray pyrolysis and later neutron-activated. These radioactive NPs were IT-instilled, gavaged, or intravenously (IV) injected in rats. Animals were analyzed over 28 days post-IT, 7 days post-gavage and 2 days post-injection.

Results

Our data indicate that silica coating caused more but transient lung inflammation compared to uncoated CeO2. The transient inflammation …

Nktr-102 Efficacy Versus Irinotecan In A Mouse Model Of Brain Metastases Of Breast Cancer, Chris E. Adkins, Mohammed I. Nounou, Tanvirul Hye, Afroz S. Mohammad, Tori Terrell-Hall, Neel K. Mohan, Michael A. Eldon, Ute Hoch, Paul R. Lockman

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Brain metastases are an increasing problem in women with invasive breast cancer. Strategies designed to treat brain metastases of breast cancer, particularly chemotherapeutics such as irinotecan, demonstrate limited efficacy. Conventional irinotecan distributes poorly to brain metastases; therefore, NKTR-102, a PEGylated irinotecan conjugate should enhance irinotecan and its active metabolite SN38 exposure in brain metastases leading to brain tumor cytotoxicity.

Methods: Female nude mice were intracranially or intracardially implanted with human brain seeking breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231Br) and dosed with irinotecan or NKTR-102 to determine plasma and tumor pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and SN38. Tumor burden and survival were evaluated in …

New Fungus-Insect Symbiosis: Culturing, Molecular, And Histological Methods Determine Saprophytic Polyporales Mutualists Of Ambrosiodmus Ambrosia Beetles, Li You, David R. Simmons, Craig C. Bateman, Dylan P G Short, Matthew T. Kasson, Robert J. Rabagila, Jiri Hulcr

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Ambrosia symbiosis is an obligate, farming-like mutualism between wood-boring beetles and fungi. It evolved at least 11 times and includes many notorious invasive pests. All ambrosia beetles studied to date cultivate ascomycotan fungi: early colonizers of recently killed trees with poor wood digestion. Beetles in the widespread genus Ambrosiodmus, however, colonize decayed wood. We characterized the mycosymbionts of three Ambrosiodmus species using quantitative culturing, high-throughput metabarcoding, and histology. We determined the fungi to be within the Polyporales, closely related to Flavodon flavus. Culture-independent sequencing of Ambrosiodmus minor mycangia revealed a single operational taxonomic unit identical to the sequences from the …

A Unique Set Of The Burkholderia Collagen-Like Proteins Provides Insight Into Pathogenesis, Genome Evolution And Niche Adaptation, And Infection Detection, Beth A. Bachert, Soo J. Choi, Anna K. Snyder, Rita V M Rio, Brandon C. Durney, Lisa A. Holland, Kei Amemiya, Susan L. Welkos, Joel A. Bozue, Christopher K. Cote, Rita Berisio, Slawomir Lukomski

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei, classified as category B priority pathogens, are significant human and animal pathogens that are highly infectious and broad-spectrum antibiotic resistant. Currently, the pathogenicity mechanisms utilized by Burkholderia are not fully understood, and correct diagnosis of B. pseudomallei and B. mallei infection remains a challenge due to limited detection methods. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of a set of 13 novel Burkholderia collagen-like proteins (Bucl) that were identified among B. pseudomallei and B. mallei select agents. We infer that several Bucl proteins participate in pathogenesis based on their noncollagenous domains that are associated with the …

Evolution Of Vertebrate Adam Genes; Duplication Of Testicular Adams From Ancient Adam9/9-Like Loci, Hariath Bahudhanapati, Shashwati Bhattacharya, Shuo Wei

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Members of the disintegrin metalloproteinase (ADAM) family have important functions in regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions as well as cell signaling. There are two major types of ADAMs: the somatic ADAMs (sADAMs) that have a significant presence in somatic tissues, and the testicular ADAMs (tADAMs) that are expressed predominantly in the testis. Genes encoding tADAMs can be further divided into two groups: group I (intronless) and group II (intron-containing). To date, tAdams have only been reported in placental mammals, and their evolutionary origin and relationship to sAdams remain largely unknown. Using phylogenetic and syntenic tools, we analyzed the Adam genes …

A Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensor Integrated With Battery-Controlled Fluidic Device For Capture And Detection Of Trace Small Molecules, Qitao Zhou, Guowen Meng, Peng Zheng, Scott Cushing, Nianqiang Wu, Qing Huang, Chuhong Zhu, Zhuo Zhang, Zhiwei Wang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

For surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors, one of the important issues is the development of substrates not only with high SERS-activity but also with strong ability to capture analytes. However, it is difficult to achieve the two goals simultaneously especially when detecting small molecules. Herein a compact battery-controlled nanostructure-assembled SERS system has been demonstrated for capture and detection of trace small molecule pollutants in water. In this SERS fluidic system, an electrical heating constantan wire covered with the vertically aligned ZnO nanotapers decorated with Ag-nanoparticles is inserted into a glass capillary. A mixture of thermo-responsive microgels, Au-nanorods colloids and analyte …

Effects Of Treatment With Astragalus Membranaceus On Function Of Rat Leydig Cells, Xiaolong Jiang, Xia Cao, Yang Huang, Xiaolei Yao, Miaomiao Zhao, Yan Liu, Jinzhu Meng, Pengfei Li, Zhiyan Li, Jianbo Yao, George W. Smith, Lihua Lv

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a Chinese traditional herb which has been reported to have broad positive effects on many diseases, including hepatitis, heart disease, diabetes and skin disease. AM can promote cell proliferation, increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and inhibit apoptosis by regulating the transcription of proto-oncogenes controlling cell death. While AM is included in some commercially available “testosterone boosting supplements”, studies directly testing ability of AM to modulate testosterone production are lacking. In the present study, we examined the effects of AM on Leydig cell function in vitro.

Methods …

Non-Muscle Myosin Ii Isoforms Have Different Functions In Matrix Rearrangement By Mda-Mb-231 Cells, Bridget Hindman, Zoe Goeckeler, Kostas Sierros, Robert Wysolmerski

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The role of a stiffening extra-cellular matrix (ECM) in cancer progression is documented but poorly understood. Here we use a conditioning protocol to test the role of nonmuscle myosin II isoforms in cell mediated ECM arrangement using collagen constructs seeded with breast cancer cells expressing shRNA targeted to either the IIA or IIB heavy chain isoform. While there are several methods available to measure changes in the biophysical characteristics of the ECM, we wanted to use a method which allows for the measurement of global stiffness changes as well as a dynamic response from the sample over time. The conditioning …

Phosphodiesterase-4d Knock-Down In The Prefrontal Cortex Alleviates Chronic Unpredictable Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors And Memory Deficits In Mice, Zhen-Zhen Wang, Wei-Xing Yang, Yi Zhang, Nan Zhao, You-Zhi Zhang, Yan-Qin Liu, Ying Xu, Steven P. Wilson, James M. O'Donnell, Han-Ting Zhang, Yun-Feng Li

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has four isoforms (PDE4A-D) with at least 25 splice variants. PDE4 subtype nonselective inhibitors produce potent antidepressant-like and cognition-enhancing effects via increased intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling in the brain. Our previous data have demonstrated that long-form PDE4Ds appear to be involved in these pharmacological properties of PDE4 inhibitors in the normal animals. However, it is not clear whether long-form PDE4Ds are critical for the behaviors and related cellular signaling/neuronal plasticity/neuroendocrine alterations in the depressed animals. In the present study, animals exposed to the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), a rodent model of depression, exhibited elevated corticosterone, depressive-like …

Kruppel-Like Factor 4 Signals Through Microrna-206 To Promote Tumor Initiation And Cell Survival, C-C Lin, S B. Sharma, M K. Farrugia, S L. Mclaughlin, R J. Ice, Y V. Loskutov, E N. Pugacheva, K M. Brundage, D Chen, J M. Ruppert

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Tumor cell heterogeneity poses a major hurdle in the treatment of cancer. Mammary cancer stem-like cells (MaCSCs), or tumor-initiating cells, are highly tumorigenic sub-populations that have the potential to self-renew and to differentiate. These cells are clinically important, as they display therapeutic resistance and may contribute to treatment failure and recurrence, but the signaling axes relevant to the tumorigenic phenotype are poorly defined. The zinc-finger transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a pluripotency mediator that is enriched in MaCSCs. KLF4 promotes RAS-extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway activity and tumor cell survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. In this study, …

Variables Associated With Nest Survival Of Golden-Winged Warblers (Vermivora Chrysoptera) Among Vegetation Communities Commonly Used For Nesting, Kyle R. Aldinger, Theron M. Terhune, Petra B. Wood, David A. Buehler, Marja H. Bakermans, John L. Confer, David J. Flaspohler, Jeffery L. Larkin, John P. Loegering, Katie L. Percy, Amber M. Roth, Curtis G. Smalling

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Among shrubland- and young forest-nesting bird species in North America, Golden-winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) are one of the most rapidly declining partly because of limited nesting habitat. Creation and management of high quality vegetation communities used for nesting are needed to reduce declines. Thus, we examined whether common characteristics could be managed across much of the Golden-winged Warbler’s breeding range to increase daily survival rate (DSR) of nests. We monitored 388 nests on 62 sites throughout Minnesota, Wisconsin, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia. We evaluated competing DSR models in spatial-temporal (dominant vegetation type, population …

Microrna-27a-3p Inhibits Melanogenesis In Mouse Skin Melanocytes By Targeting Wnt3a, Yuanyuan Zhao, Pengchao Wang, Jinzhu Meng, Dongmei Xu, Tianzhi Chen, Ruiwen Fan, Xiuju Yu, Jianbo Yao, Changsheng Dong

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the regulation of almost all the biological processes, including melanogenesis. MiR-27a-3p is nearly six times higher in white alpaca skin compared to brown skin, which indicates that miR-27a-3p may be a candidate regulator for melanogenesis. Wnt3a plays an important role in promoting melanoblasts to differentiate into melanocytes and melanogenesis. To confirm the function of miR-27a-3p to melanogenesis in mammals, miR-27a-3p mimic, inhibitor and their negative control were transfected into mouse melanocytes. As a result, miR-27a-3p inhibits melanogenesis by repressing Wnt3a at post-transcriptional level. A significant decrease in Wnt3a luciferase activity was observed in …

In Vitro Recapitulation Of Functional Microvessels For The Study Of Endothelial Shear Response, Nitric Oxide And [Ca2+]I, Xiang Li, Sulei Xu, Pingnian He, Yuxin Liu

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Microfluidic technologies enable in vitro studies to closely simulate in vivo microvessel environment with complexity. Such method overcomes certain constrains of the statically cultured endothelial monolayers and enables the cells grow under physiological range of shear flow with geometry similar to microvessels in vivo. However, there are still existing knowledge gaps and lack of convincing evidence to demonstrate and quantify key biological features of the microfluidic microvessels. In this paper, using advanced micromanufacturing and microfluidic technologies, we presented an engineered microvessel model that mimicked the dimensions and network structures of in vivo microvessels with a long-term and continuous perfusion capability, …

By The Sound Of It. An Erp Investigation Of Human Action Sound Processing In 7-Month-Old Infants, Elena Geangu, Ermanno Quadrelli, James W. Lewis, Viola M. Cassia, Chiara Turati

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Recent evidence suggests that human adults perceive human action sounds as a distinct category from human vocalizations, environmental, and mechanical sounds, activating different neural networks (Engel et al., 2009, Lewis et al., 2011). Yet, little is known about the development of such specialization. Using event-related potentials (ERP), this study investigated neural correlates of 7-month-olds’ processing of human action (HA) sounds in comparison to human vocalizations (HV), environmental (ENV), and mechanical (MEC) sounds. Relative to the other categories, HA sounds led to increased positive amplitudes between 470 and 570 ms post-stimulus onset at left anterior temporal locations, while HV led …

Microrna Expression Profiles From Eggs Of Different Qualities Associated With Post-Ovulatory Ageing In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Hao Ma, Gregory M. Weber, Mark A. Hostuttler, Hairong Wei, Lei Wang, Jianbo Yao

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Egg quality is an important aspect in rainbow trout farming. Post-ovulatory aging is one of the most important factors affecting egg quality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the major regulators in various biological processes and their expression profiles could serve as reliable biomarkers for various pathological and physiological conditions. The objective of this study was to identify miRNAs that are associated with egg qualities in rainbow trout using post-ovulatory aged eggs.

Results: Egg samples from females on day 1, day 7, and day 14 post-ovulation (D1PO, D7PO and D14PO), which had the fertilization rates of 91.8%, 73.4% and less than 50%, …

Acute Inflammatory Responses Of Nanoparticles In An Intra-Tracheal Instillation Rat Model, Andrea L. Armstead, Valerie C. Minarchick, Dale W. Porter, Timothy R. Nurkiewicz, Bingyun Li

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Exposure to hard metal tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) “dusts” in enclosed industrial environments is known to contribute to the development of hard metal lung disease and an increased risk for lung cancer. Currently, the influence of local and systemic inflammation on disease progression following WC-Co exposure remains unclear. To better understand the relationship between WC-Co nanoparticle (NP) exposure and its resultant effects, the acute local pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses caused by WC-Co NPs were explored using an intra-tracheal instillation (IT) model and compared to those of CeO2 (another occupational hazard) NP exposure. Sprague-Dawley rats were given an IT dose …

Feeding Soy Protein Isolate And Oils Rich In Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Affected Mineral Balance, But Not Bone In A Rat Model Of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease, Kaitlin H. Maditz, Brenda J. Smith, Matthew Miller, Chris Oldaker, Janet C. Tou

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD), a genetic disorder characterized by multiple cysts and renal failure at an early age. In children, kidney disease is often accompanied by disordered mineral metabolism, failure to achieve peak bone mass, and reduced adult height. Optimizing bone health during the growth stage may preserve against bone loss associated with early renal dysfunction in PKD. Dietary soy protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) have been reported to ameliorate PKD and to promote bone health. The study objective was to determine the bone effects of feeding soy protein and/or n-3 PUFAs in a rat model …

Regulation Of Anti-Apoptotic Signaling By Kruppel-Like Factors 4 And 5 Mediates Lapatinib Resistance In Breast Cancer, M K. Farrugia, S B. Sharma, C-C Lin, S L. Mclaughlin, D B. Vanderbuilt, A G. Ammer, M A. Salkeni, P Stoilov, Y M. Agazie, C J. Creighton, J M. Ruppert

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The Kruppel-like transcription factors (KLFs) 4 and 5 (KLF4/5) are coexpressed in mouse embryonic stem cells, where they function redundantly to maintain pluripotency. In mammary carcinoma, KLF4/5 can each impact the malignant phenotype, but potential linkages to drug resistance remain unclear. In primary human breast cancers, we observed a positive correlation between KLF4/5 transcript abundance, particularly in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched subtype. Furthermore, KLF4/5 protein was rapidly upregulated in human breast cancer cells following treatment with the HER2/epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, lapatinib. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between these factors in …

Mitochondrial Impairment In Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells Is Involved In The Correlation Between Body Temperature And Stroke Severity, Hu Heng, Danielle N. Doll, Jiahong Sun, Sara E. Lewis, Jeffrey H. Wimsatt, Matthew J. Kessler, James W. Simpkins, Xuefang Ren

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The prognostic influence of body temperature on acute stroke in patients has been recently reported; however, hypothermia has confounded experimental results in animal stroke models. This work aimed to investigate how body temperature could prognose stroke severity as well as reveal a possible mitochondrial mechanism in the association of body temperature and stroke severity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compromises mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CVECs) and worsens murine experimental stroke. In this study, we report that LPS (0.1 mg/kg) exacerbates stroke infarction and neurological deficits, in the mean time LPS causes …

Gene Expression Profile Of Human Lung Epithelial Cells Chronically Exposed To Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Dongquan Chen, Todd A. Stueckle, Sudjit Luanpitpong, Yon Rojanasakul, Yongju Lu, Liying Wang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

A rapid increase in utility of engineered nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), has raised a concern over their safety. Based on recent evidence from animal studies, pulmonary exposure of CNTs may lead to nanoparticle accumulation in the deep lung without effective clearance which could interact with local lung cells for a long period of time. Physicochemical similarities of CNTs to asbestos fibers may contribute to their asbestos-like carcinogenic potential after long-term exposure, which has not been well addressed. More studies are needed to identify and predict the carcinogenic potential and mechanisms for promoting their safe use. Our previous study reported …

Characterization Of Shed Medicinal Leech Mucus Reveals A Diverse Microbiota, Brittany M. Ott, Allen Rickards, Lauren Gehrke, Rita V M Rio

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Microbial transmission through mucosal-mediated mechanisms is widespread throughout the animal kingdom. One example of this occurs with Hirudo verbana, the medicinal leech, where host attraction to shed conspecific mucus facilitates horizontal transmission of a predominant gut symbiont, the Gammaproteobacterium Aeromonas veronii. However, whether this mucus may harbor other bacteria has not been examined. Here, we characterize the microbiota of shed leech mucus through Illumina deep sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Additionally, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) typing with subsequent Sanger Sequencing of a 16S rRNA gene clone library provided qualitative confirmation of …

Whole-Body Transcriptome Of Selectively Bred, Resistant-, Control-, And Susceptible-Line Rainbow Trout Following Experimental Challenge With Flavobacterium Psychrophilum, David Marancik, Guangtu Gao, Bam Paneru, Hao Ma, Alvaro G. Hernandez, Mohamed Salem, Jianbo Yao, Yniv Palti, Gregory D. Wiens

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Genetic improvement for enhanced disease resistance in fish is an increasingly utilized approach to mitigate endemic infectious disease in aquaculture. In domesticated salmonid populations, large phenotypic variation in disease resistance has been identified but the genetic basis for altered responsiveness remains unclear. We previously reported three generations of selection and phenotypic validation of a bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) resistant line of rainbow trout, designated ARS-Fp-R. This line has higher survival after infection by either standardized laboratory challenge or natural challenge as compared to two reference lines, designated ARS-Fp-C (control) and ARS-Fp-S (susceptible). In this study, we utilized 1.1 g …

Survival Of Unstressed And Acid-, Cold-, And Starvation-Stress-Adapted Listeria Monocytogenes In Ham Extract With Hops Beta Acids And Consumer Acceptability Of Hba On Ready-To-Eat Ham, Li Wang, Cangliang Shen

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The efficacy of hops beta acids (HBA) against unstressed and stress-adapted Listeria monocytogenes in ham extract and the consumers’ acceptability of HBA on ready-to-eat (RTE) hams were investigated. Unstressed or acid-, cold-, or starvation-stress-adapted L. monocytogenes was inoculated (1.3–1.5 log CFU/mL) into 10% ham extract, without (control) or with HBA (4.44 or 10.0 µg/mL). Survival/growth of the pathogen during storage (7.2°C, 26 days) was monitored periodically. Sensory evaluation (30 participants, 9-point hedonic scale) was performed with hams dipped into 0.05, 0.11, and 0.23% HBA solution. Ham extracts without HBA supported rapid growth of unstressed and stress-adapted cells with growth rates …

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Treatment Ameliorates Peritonitis-Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction, Shinichi Asano, Ravikumar Arvapalli, Nandini Dpk Manne, Mani Maheshwari, Bing Ma, Kevin M. Rice, Vellaisamy Selvaraj, Eric R. Blough

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The severe inflammation observed during sepsis is thought to cause diaphragm dysfunction, which is associated with poor patient prognosis. Cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles have been posited to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities suggesting that these particles may be of potential use for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. To investigate this possibility, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham control, CeO₂ nanoparticle treatment only (0.5 mg/kg iv), sepsis, and sepsis+CeO₂ nanoparticles. Sepsis was induced by the introduction of cecal material (600 mg/kg) directly into the peritoneal cavity. Nanoparticle treatment decreased sepsis-associated impairments in …

Transient Global Amnesia As The First Clinical Symptom For Malignant B-Cell Lymphoma With Central Nervous System Involvement, Atif Zafar, Ghulam I. Khan, Sahrish Abdin, Muhammad T. Khan

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

We present the case of an elderly male who was diagnosed with transient global amnesia (TGA), only to be diagnosed with B-cell lymphoma with central nervous system involvement a few weeks later. This is the first ever case reported in literature with lymphoma presenting as TGA. Literature review and pertinent points regarding high-yield imaging protocol for presumed TGA patients are discussed.

Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticle Exposure Improves Microvascular Dysfunction And Reduces Oxidative Stress In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Valerie C. Minarchick, Phoebe A. Stapleton, Edward M. Sabolsky, Timothy R. Nurkiewicz

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the vascular wall is associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. This increase in oxidative stress contributes to various mechanisms of vascular dysfunction, such as decreased nitric oxide bioavailability. Therefore, anti-oxidants are being researched to decrease the high levels of ROS, which could improve the microvascular dysfunction associated with various cardiovascular diseases. From a therapeutic perspective, cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NP) hold great anti-oxidant potential, but their in vivo activity is unclear. Due to this potential anti-oxidant action, we hypothesize that injected CeO2 NP would decrease microvascular dysfunction and oxidative stress …