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WellBeing International

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Genetic Adaptation And Welfare, J. Van Rooijen Jan 1983

Genetic Adaptation And Welfare, J. Van Rooijen

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Van Rooijen comments on Beilharz’s suggestion (IJSAP 3(2), 117) that it may be possible to adapt domestic animals to existing husbandry systems rather than adapt the systems to the animals. For example, Beilharz cites Tschanz, who has written that the best measurement of adaptation to an environment is reproduction. Van Rooijen provides an example of two bulls – one living freely with a group of cows and one used as a sperm donor, where welfare and reproductive success are not necessarily in harmony. He concludes that the evolutionary fitness and welfare of farm animals do not necessarily coincide

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Psychology And Its Animal Subjects, Kenneth J. Shapiro Jan 1983

Psychology And Its Animal Subjects, Kenneth J. Shapiro

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author introduces the organization, Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, and comments on the use of animals in psychology experiments.

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Protection Of Animals And Animal Experimentation: A Survey Of Scientific Experts, Norbert Lagoni, Joachim Fiebelkorn, Hans-Joachim Wormuth Jan 1983

Protection Of Animals And Animal Experimentation: A Survey Of Scientific Experts, Norbert Lagoni, Joachim Fiebelkorn, Hans-Joachim Wormuth

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

This article summarizes information from a survey of biomedical scientists. The survey focuses on pharmacologists and toxicologists, their use of laboratory animals, and the potential for replacing their use with alternative methods for developing and evaluating pharmaceutical substances. Most surveyed felt the alternatives could supplement or complement animal tests but not replace the tests altogether. However, most favored the use of non-sentient material in safety tests.

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The Behavior Of Confined Calves Raised For Veal: Are These Animals Distressed?, M. Kiley-Worthington Jan 1983

The Behavior Of Confined Calves Raised For Veal: Are These Animals Distressed?, M. Kiley-Worthington

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The behavior of twelve calves confined in crates was recorded at 1-minute intervals for 12-hour periods. These recordings were made at fortnightly intervals from approximately 2 to 16 weeks of age. In all, 864 hours of observations were recorded. The activities performed and the amount of time spent doing each are outlined. Circadian rhythms were mainly controlled by feeding time, although there was a difference between diurnal and nocturnal behavior. Individual calves varied in how they adapted to the restricted environment. Individual personality profiles and data on the ontogeny of behavior under these conditions are presented. At ten weeks of …

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Alternatives To Animal Experimentation, Steven M. Niemi Jan 1983

Alternatives To Animal Experimentation, Steven M. Niemi

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Alternatives to animal experimentation are highly touted today by animal welfare advocates. Their campaign for adopting alternatives has caused much discussion and debate within and outside the biomedical community. This paper aimed to examine the controversy and assess the more common alternatives, including the bacterial mutagenicity assay or Ames test, cell culture, and mathematical models for toxicity prediction. Chemical safety testing is the most promising of the fields for alternatives where laboratory animals are used, and incorporating alternatives with live-animal assays is increasing. However, due to the limitations of alternatives in use currently, there is still a considerable need for …

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Does Wildlife Have Legal Standing? - The Penguin Case In Patagonia, Pedro Tarak Jan 1983

Does Wildlife Have Legal Standing? - The Penguin Case In Patagonia, Pedro Tarak

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Murphy notes that IJSAP is motivated by the importance of science in understanding human-animal relationships. She examines two studies that examine gender differences in attitudes to and interactions with companion animals. Both studies reported no differences between females and males, even though other studies report that females have more positive attitudes to animals.

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Meetings And Announcements Jan 1983

Meetings And Announcements

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A conference to discuss the mid-Atlantic rabies outbreak was held in 1983 at the National Zoo facility in Front Royal. A live oral rabies vaccine has successfully halted the spread of fox rabies in Europe. Still, it is unclear if a similar approach would work in the USA, where raccoons are the primary wildlife vector for rabies. Brief notes describe a new Buddhist animal organization, a journalism award for articles on animal welfare, a new BVA fund to support a professorship in Animal Welfare in the UK, the establishment of the new Institute for Alternative Agriculture, an Animal Toxicology Hotline, …

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Legislation & Regulation Jan 1983

Legislation & Regulation

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The Australian Standing Council on Agriculture produced animal welfare codes dealing with the husbandry of pigs and domestic fowls and livestock transport by road and rail. The Australian Federation of Animal Societies recommends that the codes be substantially revised.

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News And Analysis Jan 1983

News And Analysis

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The Pet Food Institute petitions the FDA on pet food standards. The American Psychological Association awarded Dr. Edward Taub funds to support his legal defense challenging his conviction on animal cruelty. Male piglets are routinely castrated to avoid the development of “boar taint” of their meat. A new technology, immuno-castration, may prevent the need for surgical castration. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the carcinogenic potential of chemicals. The city of Vancouver in Canada announces the substantial benefits of opening a low-cost spay-neuter clinic for pet dogs and cats. Theobromine, a stimulant found in chocolate, can cause problems …

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Letter To Editor: Alpo Bites Back, C. A. Banta Jan 1983

Letter To Editor: Alpo Bites Back, C. A. Banta

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author critiques the article in IJSAP (1983, 4(2)101-107) addressing the question of the correct amount of protein in a dog’s diet and notes that one of the critics of high protein diets has close ties to a different pet food company that manufactures and sells low protein diets.

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The Agricide Treadmill And Farm Animal Welfare, Michael W. Fox Jan 1983

The Agricide Treadmill And Farm Animal Welfare, Michael W. Fox

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author cites publications that argue that agriculture in the United States is on a treadmill where farmers continually compete to reduce their food production costs. The consequence has been a reduction in farm animal welfare.

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Preventive Medicine And The Politics Of Disease, Michael W. Fox Jan 1983

Preventive Medicine And The Politics Of Disease, Michael W. Fox

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author argues that disease prevention is preferable to relying on the development of cures.

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A Survey Of Animal Behavior- Related Research And Teaching Activities In North American Agricultural And Veterinary Medical Colleges, W. R. Stricklin Jan 1983

A Survey Of Animal Behavior- Related Research And Teaching Activities In North American Agricultural And Veterinary Medical Colleges, W. R. Stricklin

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A letter questionnaire was used to survey animal behavior-related research and teaching efforts in the U.S.A. and Canadian university animal sciences departments (agriculture) and veterinary medical colleges. The objectives of the eleven questions of the survey were to identify behavior workers and to determine the current and planned levels of emphasis on research and teaching activities in domestic animal behavior. In 1981, questionnaires were mailed to 162 deans and chairs, and 102 were answered and returned. Twenty-three persons were identified as having appointments specifically or primarily in animal behavior, and 99 were identified as having appointments with some animal behavior …

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Humane Ethics And Animal Rights, M. W. Fox Jan 1983

Humane Ethics And Animal Rights, M. W. Fox

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Animal suffering, therefore, is only one aspect of animal exploitation and abuse. Recognizing this, and the fact that the elimination of animal suffering is a limited horizon, the humane movement has dramatically expanded its vision and goals by incorporating animal rights philosophy and ecological principles into its educational, legislative, and political activities.

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Some Preliminary Thoughts On Permitting Animals To Sue In Contract And Tort, Henry Cohen Jan 1983

Some Preliminary Thoughts On Permitting Animals To Sue In Contract And Tort, Henry Cohen

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Animal protection statutes are valuable, but they might be more useful if formulated to give private rights of action to their beneficiaries- the animals. The author explores extending common law rights of action to animals. Admittedly, permitting animals to sue in contract and tort now seems fanciful, but the author hopes this article will provide an initial step toward bringing it about.

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The Potential Role Of Local Ethical Committees In The Moderation Of Experiments On Animals In Britain, D. P. Britt Jan 1983

The Potential Role Of Local Ethical Committees In The Moderation Of Experiments On Animals In Britain, D. P. Britt

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Scientists working with laboratory animals in Britain are made aware forcibly that a severe ethical dilemma surrounds using animals in experiments. Certain vociferous sections of the community press the issue on the general public's attention, and media sources tend to propagate views expressed by the most extreme parties while neglecting coverage of mature, rational opinions. It is, perhaps, no bad thing for the scientific community to be frequently reminded to take a responsible attitude to the use of animals. Still, recent overt, even illegal, activity on the part of extremist animal protectionist groups has encouraged a regrettable polarization of viewpoints, …

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Environmental Psychology And Great Ape Reproduction, Terry L. Maple Jan 1983

Environmental Psychology And Great Ape Reproduction, Terry L. Maple

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author introduces the organization, Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, and comments on the use of animals in psychology experiments.

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The Care Of Pets Within Child Abusing Families, Elizabeth Deviney, Jeffery Dickert, Randall Lockwood Jan 1983

The Care Of Pets Within Child Abusing Families, Elizabeth Deviney, Jeffery Dickert, Randall Lockwood

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The treatment of animals was surveyed in 53 families where child abuse occurred. Patterns of pet ownership, attitudes towards pets, and quality of veterinary care did not differ significantly from comparable data from the general public. However, abuse of pets by a family member had taken place in 60 percent of the families. The families in which animal abuse was indicated tended to have younger pets, lower levels of veterinary care, and more conflicts over care than non-abusive families in the study. There were several parallels between the treatment of pets and animals within child-abusing families, suggesting that animal abuse …

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Prostaglandin F2a Induced Nest Building Behavior In The Non-Pregnant Sow, And Some Welfare Considerations, Judith K. Blackshaw Jan 1983

Prostaglandin F2a Induced Nest Building Behavior In The Non-Pregnant Sow, And Some Welfare Considerations, Judith K. Blackshaw

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Nest-building behavior, induced with intramuscular injections of prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a), was studied in non-pregnant sows. Acute effects were also recorded, including salivation, scratching, vomiting, defecation, and ataxia. Sows (Large White x Landrace) were housed in two different environments; six in bare pens and six in pens provided with bedding material. All cases except one (bare pen) nest-building sequences of differing intensities were recorded. Welfare suggestions include questioning the justification of using a drug (PGF2a) in pig husbandry, which has unpleasant acute effects, and the suggestion that the provision of bedding material is not necessary for a nest-building sequence to occur.

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Biological Control Of Aleutian Island Arctic Fox: A Preliminary Strategy, Edward W. West, Robert L. Rudd Jan 1983

Biological Control Of Aleutian Island Arctic Fox: A Preliminary Strategy, Edward W. West, Robert L. Rudd

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The intentional introduction of exotic animals can generally be expected to yield unanticipated biological consequences. Single-purpose introductions frequently result in ecological catastrophe. Islands are particularly vulnerable to such assault. Arctic foxes [Alopex lagopus), released for fur farming on the Aleutian Islands, formerly devoid of land predators, have significantly altered nesting avifaunal diversity, abundance, and productivity. A program for restoring the historical distribution and abundance of critically affected bird species is described. In a long-term study, biological control methods are proposed to test the hypothesis that introduced sterile red foxes [Vulpes fulva), apparently, a competitively superior species, will markedly …

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Review Of Literature On Use Of T-61 As An Euthanasic Agent, Laaura Dalia Barocio Jan 1983

Review Of Literature On Use Of T-61 As An Euthanasic Agent, Laaura Dalia Barocio

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The available evidence indicates many questions about T-61 as a satisfactory euthanasia agent. The only controlled study of animal E EG's after T-61 administration showed that this compound could produce rapid unconsciousness. However, the drug was administered via an indwelling catheter which is not generally used in shelters euthanizing 10,000 to 20,000 animals a year. Furthermore, the investigator compared the T-61 results against the results obtained with a weak and marginally lethal dose of sodium pentobarbital.

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News And Analysis Jan 1983

News And Analysis

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Research indicates that laying hens do not adapt to battery cages, while a British survey found strong public opposition to factory farming. Galapagos iguanas are recovering after feral dogs were removed. The steroid diethylstilbestrol is found in veal calves in New York, while a formal veal farmer reflects on why he stopped raising veal calves. Pigs housed outdoors had fewer problem behaviors than those housed indoors. Rabbits given extra care and attention did not develop atherosclerosis when fed a high-fat diet.

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Meetings And Announcements Jan 1983

Meetings And Announcements

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The meeting report includes the meeting on the human-animal bond organized by the University of Minnesota program, CENSHARE, in June 1983. The conference was divided into two sections: the human-animal bond with companion animals and farm animals' management, behavior and well-being.

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Attitudes Toward Animals In Greco-Roman Antiquity, Liliane Bodson Jan 1983

Attitudes Toward Animals In Greco-Roman Antiquity, Liliane Bodson

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Both wild and domesticated animals had a direct and wide-ranging role in the life of the ancient Greeks and Romans. The bond between humans and animals which first originated in the economic needs went far beyond strictly practical matters. It did influence and enrich the Classical culture in its major aspects from literature and arts to philosophy and ethics. It also induced people to analyze the main implications of their relationship with "subhuman" creatures. The present paper aims to survey the range of the attitudes they developed about animals. It also examines to what extent they were concerned with the …

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Legislation And Regulation Jan 1983

Legislation And Regulation

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The Californian Senate passes a Resolution on animal rights. While the US Congress is considering a proposal to investigate intensive animal husbandry. The British produce new welfare codes for pigs and cattle. Luxembourg passes a new animal protection law. New restrictions are passed on animals in circuses in Europe. The RSPCA successfully brings suit against an egg producer in Surrey.

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Ethologic And Economic Examination Of Aviary Housing For Commercial Laying Flocks, D. W. Folsch, Chr. Dolf, T. Bleuler, H. Ehrbar Jan 1983

Ethologic And Economic Examination Of Aviary Housing For Commercial Laying Flocks, D. W. Folsch, Chr. Dolf, T. Bleuler, H. Ehrbar

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The authors report that the results of their research indicate that appropriate housing is necessary for intensively kept hens and that the housing has to correspond to the vital needs and natures of the animals.

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Book Reviews Jan 1983

Book Reviews

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Fox reviews two books. The first is a collection of papers from the First Conference on Scientific Perspectives in Animal Welfare organized by the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare. The second book is All that Dwell Therein. Animal Rights and Environmental Ethics by Tom Regan.

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The North American Black Duck (Anas Rubriges): A Case Study Of 28 Years Of Failure In American Wildlife Management, John W. Grandy Jan 1983

The North American Black Duck (Anas Rubriges): A Case Study Of 28 Years Of Failure In American Wildlife Management, John W. Grandy

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A scientific and technical analysis is presented of the factors that may have been responsible for an estimated 60% decline in the black duck (Anas rubripes) population since 1955. The analyses presented show that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS], the management agency responsible for waterfowl management in the United States, has recognized the population decline, that the FWS's own experts have consistently recognized that hunting is the most likely cause of the population decline and that hunting is the only mortality factor which wildlife managers can control in the practical sense. Using FWS information, the author …

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The Ld50--The Beginning Of The End, Andrew N. Rowan Jan 1983

The Ld50--The Beginning Of The End, Andrew N. Rowan

Experimentation Collection

Measurement is very important in science. Early lessons in the science classroom involve teaching students to measure lengths, volumes, weights, specific gravities and anything else within the mental and economic compass of the teacher. At the same time, the question of significance is drummed into the students' heads. Thus, if one has a meter-rule which is subdivided into centimeters (but not millimeters), one is taught that the measurement of its length to one decimal point (for example, 10.3 em) is acceptable, but that the addition of any more figures (for example, 10.325 em) is mere braggadocio. The eye can only …

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Some Rights For Animal Therapists: Better Science And Better Welfare, Dana H. Murphy Jan 1983

Some Rights For Animal Therapists: Better Science And Better Welfare, Dana H. Murphy

Animal-Assisted Therapy Collection

"Animal-facilitated therapy." The phrase has a nice, solid ring to it, doesn't it? And it also sounds like an idea that nearly everyone could agree to endorse, like democracy and vacations. But a closer scrutiny of some of the available literature on the use of animals as adjuncts in situations like nursing homes and outpatient psychotherapy reveals a number of deficiencies. While there is probably nothing wrong with the fundamental concept- ideally, people and animals are helping each other to become more useful and independentthere are some real problems in two areas: the dubious level of scientific rigor in many …

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