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Articles 361 - 390 of 5140
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Lack Of Imagination Can Bias Our View Of Animal Sentience, Brian Key, Deborah Brown
Lack Of Imagination Can Bias Our View Of Animal Sentience, Brian Key, Deborah Brown
Animal Sentience
How an animal reacts to a sensory stimulus is often used to assess whether that animal can experience feelings such as pain and pleasure. This behavioural path is typically complemented with reference to how a human would normally respond to and experience an analogous stimulus. Together, these approaches can lead to a “hard to imagine otherwise” argument for feelings. It is time to go beyond these qualitative assessments and to now determine whether a nervous system can execute the neural functions necessary for sentience.
Legal Recognition Of Animal Sentience: The Case For Cautious Optimism, Jane Kotzmann
Legal Recognition Of Animal Sentience: The Case For Cautious Optimism, Jane Kotzmann
Animal Sentience
Rowan et al.’s target article provides a valuable indication of the work that was required to reach the point where animals are recognised as sentient in various laws. To ensure this work was not in vain, the language of sentience needs to be used as a moral currency to demand further cultural change involving greater human respect for animals.
Sentience Politics : A Fishy Perspective, Culum Brown
Sentience Politics : A Fishy Perspective, Culum Brown
Animal Sentience
The plight of fishes has almost certainly got worse since Bentham (1789) coined the phrase “The question is not Can they reason? nor, Can they talk? but Can they suffer?” Despite the fact that fishes are increasingly recognised as sentient animals worthy of protection under animal welfare legislation in many countries around the world, fishing practices are almost universally exempt activities. The human population continues to grow, and, surprisingly, per capita intake of fish is still increasing (FAO 2020). The source of this fish is not wild stocks (catches of which have remained more or less stagnant for …
All Living Organisms Are Sentient, Arthur S. Reber, Frantisek Baluska, William B. Miller Jr.
All Living Organisms Are Sentient, Arthur S. Reber, Frantisek Baluska, William B. Miller Jr.
Animal Sentience
We argue that all living organisms, from the simplest unicellular prokaryotes to Homo sapiens, have valenced experiences—feelings as states of preference—and are capable of cognitive representations. Bacteria can learn, form stable memories, and communicate, hence solve problems. Rowan et al.'s statement that "Subjective feelings are just that — subjective — and are available only to the animal (or human) experiencing them" is true but irrelevant. When we see a fish flopping about in the bottom of a boat we immediately recognize suffering without having a glimpse of the nature of piscine distress. Some controlled anthropomorphism can go a …
Animal Sentience In Indian Culture: Colonial And Post-Colonial Changes, Nanditha Krishna
Animal Sentience In Indian Culture: Colonial And Post-Colonial Changes, Nanditha Krishna
Animal Sentience
The Indian tradition has respected animal sentience and non-injury toward all life. It is repeated consistently in Sanskrit literature and the later literature of the Jains and the Buddhists. Change came with the advent of Islamic rule followed by the British, who built slaughterhouses. The hunting of wildlife increased and several wild predator species were wiped out. The result was the series of legislations for animals which were initially proposed by the SPCAs and later by NGOs. In 1976, the Constitution of India was amended to make the protection of wildlife and compassion for living creatures a fundamental duty. However, …
Strong Inferences About Pain In Invertebrates Require Stronger Evidence, Edgar T. Walters
Strong Inferences About Pain In Invertebrates Require Stronger Evidence, Edgar T. Walters
Animal Sentience
Evidence for sentience in animals distantly related to humans is often sought in observations of behavioral and neural responses to noxious stimuli that would be painful in humans. Most proposed criteria for painful sentience in “lower” animals such as decapod crustaceans have no necessary links to the affective (“suffering”) component of pain. The best evidence for painful affect in animals is learned aversion to stimuli associated with noxious experience, and conditioned preference for contexts associated with relief from aversive consequences of noxious experience, as expressed in voluntary behavior. Such evidence is currently lacking for any invertebrate except octopus.
The Question Is Not “Can Humans Talk?” Or “Can They Suffer?” But “Can They Reason?”, Clive Phillips
The Question Is Not “Can Humans Talk?” Or “Can They Suffer?” But “Can They Reason?”, Clive Phillips
Animal Sentience
In their target article, Rowan et al (2022) make a welcome attempt to chart the development of Western progress over the past two hundred years toward formally recognizing that animals feel. They outline the heroic efforts of Compassion in World Farming to gain for animals the status of sentient beings rather than merely human property. A broader view exists, from human prehistory to the present day, in which animals have been (and still are) understood to be sentient by indigenous peoples as well as by some Eastern religions. Growing recognition in the West that animals feel represents a new age …
Motivated Science: What Humans Gain From Denying Animal Sentience, Uri Lifshin
Motivated Science: What Humans Gain From Denying Animal Sentience, Uri Lifshin
Animal Sentience
Resistance to the idea that non-human animals are sentient resembles erstwhile resistance to the theory that the earth is not the centre of the universe, or that humans evolved from “apes”. All these notions are psychologically threatening. They can remind people of their own creatureliness and mortality and might make them feel guilty or uncertain about their way of life. An honest debate over animal sentience, welfare and rights should consider the human motivation to deprive animals of these things in the first place. I briefly review empirical evidence on the psychological function of denying animal minds.
Sentience And The Science-Policy Interface, Jonathan Birch
Sentience And The Science-Policy Interface, Jonathan Birch
Animal Sentience
I contrast my picture of the relationship between the science and policy of animal sentience with that of Marian Stamp Dawkins, who thinks “the science of animal sentience and the politics of animal welfare should be kept separate” because they involve irreconcilably different standards of evidence. On my alternative picture, (i) the science of animal sentience, like any other empirical science, delivers evidence but not certainty; (ii) this evidence allows us to make better practical decisions, both within and outside science and (iii) the quality standards we apply to the evidence should be high in all contexts, including the formulation …
Sentience And Sentient Minds, John Anthony Webster
Sentience And Sentient Minds, John Anthony Webster
Animal Sentience
My commentary builds on Rowan et al.’s (2022) comprehensive review to address the question ‘what do we mean by sentience?’ It suggests how we might recognise degrees of sentience within the animal kingdom, ranging from primitive sensations such as hunger and pain to more complex emotions that determine quality of life.
Replacing Laboratory Animals In Safety Testing, Andrew N. Rowan
Replacing Laboratory Animals In Safety Testing, Andrew N. Rowan
WellBeing News
In 1993, the NIH Revitalization Act included language, supported by corporations and animal advocates, that authorized a new program to develop and validate toxicity tests that would replace and reduce the use of laboratory animals. Seven years later, that 1993 Act led to the passage of the 2000 ICCVAM Authorization Act. This act established the Interagency Coordinating Committee for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) to facilitate the development and implementation of alternative methods that would replace or reduce the use of animals in safety testing and risk assessment. ICCVAM started slowly, but twenty-one years after its formal launch, it …
Saving Tigers In America:- Part 1, Andrew Rowan
Saving Tigers In America:- Part 1, Andrew Rowan
Tales of WellBeing
In the first of three articles, WBI President Andrew Rowan describes the history of how America arrived at the point where it has twice as many tigers as there are wild tigers in the rest of the world.
Going Vegan Or Vegetarian: Motivations & Influences, Faunalytics, Jo Anderson, Marina Milyavskaya
Going Vegan Or Vegetarian: Motivations & Influences, Faunalytics, Jo Anderson, Marina Milyavskaya
Diet
After studying hundreds of U.S. and Canadian consumers during their transition to vegetarianism or veganism (collectively referred to as veg*nism), a new report from research organization Faunalytics found that 42% of people’s veg*n journeys were motivated by health, 20% by animal protection, and 18% by environmental concern. For animal advocates interested in helping new vegans and vegetarians maintain their change of lifestyle, study results suggest a focus on self-driven motivations (like personal values or moral identity) and experiences with animal advocacy.
Global Dog Campaign Case Studies: Kabul, Afghanistan; Chennai, India; Heredia, Costa Rica, Andrew N. Rowan
Global Dog Campaign Case Studies: Kabul, Afghanistan; Chennai, India; Heredia, Costa Rica, Andrew N. Rowan
WellBeing News
Three case studies in which WBI partners are addressing dog homelessness in Kabul, Chennai, and Costa Rica are described. In Kabul, Mayhew Afghanistan persuaded the Kabul municipality to stop culling dogs and then launched a rabies vaccination and dog sterilization project. Approximately 80,000 rabies vaccines have been administered to the estimated 40,000 dogs in Kabul, and 20,000 have been sterilized. Cases of human rabies and dog bites have both declined since the project was launched in mid-2017. In Chennai, the Blue Cross of India conceived the idea of surgical sterilization (Animal Birth Control) as a humane method of managing homeless …
Roads & Wildlife: Safeguarding Asia’S Rich Biodiversity, Christine Gianas Weinheimer
Roads & Wildlife: Safeguarding Asia’S Rich Biodiversity, Christine Gianas Weinheimer
WellBeing News
In some areas where roads bisect wildlife habitat, collisions or near misses with large mammals like deer are all too familiar, and countless smaller creatures like turtles and squirrels fall victim to automobiles every day. In addition to the risk of collisions, these roads also act as barriers to animals completing daily movement or seasonal migrations essential for survival. Roads and other linear infrastructure (railways, canals, power lines) have many adverse impacts on wildlife and biodiversity.
Animal Agriculture And Climate Change, Lewis Bollard
Animal Agriculture And Climate Change, Lewis Bollard
General – Farm Animal Issues
Earlier this year the prestigious EAT-Lancet Commission called on the world to eat less meat to slow climate change. Three other reports in the last year echoed that message, including two published in Science and Nature, and one produced in partnership with two UN agencies and the World Bank. Even the normally cautious Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change noted in its October report the “increasing agreement that overall emissions from food systems could be reduced by targeting the demand for meat and other livestock products.” This marks a major change. The climate movement long ignored the inconvenient truth of meat’s …
Kairavi - The Comeback Calf, Andrew Rowan, Kathleen Rowan
Kairavi - The Comeback Calf, Andrew Rowan, Kathleen Rowan
Tales of WellBeing
Read about the elephant calf Kairavi’s battle with a deadly herpes virus and the special care she received at the Oklahoma City Zoo.
Counting Birds And Other Wild Animals, Andrew N. Rowan
Counting Birds And Other Wild Animals, Andrew N. Rowan
WellBeing News
Estimating the total number of wild animals in a particular location or country has always been challenging. Still, better data on wild animal numbers are needed to recognize changes, identify the causes, and what might be done to address such changes.
Webinar Series: Invertebrate Animal Sentience, Andrew Rowan
Webinar Series: Invertebrate Animal Sentience, Andrew Rowan
Tales of WellBeing
WBI hosted free webinars on October 20 & 27, 2021, on the question of what invertebrates like octopi and bees feel, moderated by Animal Sentience Editor-in-Chief Stevan Harnad.
Cats And Wildlife: An Animal Welfare Perspective., John Hadidian
Cats And Wildlife: An Animal Welfare Perspective., John Hadidian
Management - General
While there is no question that outdoors cats have an impact on wildlife, the extent and significance of this impact is the subject of considerable debate. The controversy surrounding outdoor cats can be traced back at least a century, with contemporary claims of threats to global biodiversity bringing animal welfare and conservation interests directly into opposition, largely over the means of managing conflicts. The irony in this is that cat defenders and cat detractors generally agree that it is in the best interests of cats that they should be shielded from the vagaries of outdoor life. While there are practical …
Animal Sentience, Public Awareness, And Public Policy, Andrew N. Rowan
Animal Sentience, Public Awareness, And Public Policy, Andrew N. Rowan
WellBeing News
Animal feeling or sentience appears to have been particularly important in driving animal welfare policy upgrades. In the past twenty-five years, various governments, including the European Union, have passed legislation proclaiming that animals are sentient. There are now efforts to understand which animals are sentient and what should be done about those that appear to be able to feel pain and pleasure. The Animal Sentience journal is now planning to examine the extent of sentience in invertebrate phyla.
Animal Welfare At The United Nations, Andrew N. Rowan
Animal Welfare At The United Nations, Andrew N. Rowan
WellBeing News
The Africa Network for Animal Welfare (ANAW) is developing a resolution on animal welfare to be put before the United Nations Environment Assembly in 2022. Animal welfare is gaining traction in the various UN agencies and in other international bodies thanks to the activities of organizations such as ANAW, World Animal Protection and the new World Federation for Animals.
Bear Bile Farms Are Being Phased Out In Vietnam, Andrew Rowan
Bear Bile Farms Are Being Phased Out In Vietnam, Andrew Rowan
Tales of WellBeing
In the last decade, bear bile farming has ended in nine of the sixty-three provinces and municipalities in Vietnam. There are now only seven provinces with more than 10 bears in bile farms. Animals Asia is nearing its goal of ending bear bile farming in the country.
Biodiversity: Is It Important And If So, Why?, Naveen Pandey
Biodiversity: Is It Important And If So, Why?, Naveen Pandey
WellBeing News
How important is global biodiversity and the interactions and interdependencies of all life for the well-being of people, animals and the environment? Do these interdependencies among all life forms lead to the logical conclusion that “biodiversity” is important (or even essential) to understand and protect? There is a steadily growing movement to recognize the importance of biodiversity even if some of the efforts are hidden from view.
Children Witnessing Violence Against Animals, Andrew N. Rowan
Children Witnessing Violence Against Animals, Andrew N. Rowan
WellBeing News
At the 87th Session of the UN Committee of the Rights of the Child held at the end of May 2021, Tunisia’s programs to address child protection were examined. The printed report of the session, issued on June 7, 2021, was fifty-five paragraphs long and addressed a wide range of issues affecting child welfare including the involvement of children in armed conflict, the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. Amid these topics, paragraph 16(c) recommended that Tunisia “Evaluate and eliminate, on the basis of the procedure and criteria described above, practices, policies and services that may not …
Cosmetic Testing On Animals: Eu Takes A Step Back, Andrew N. Rowan
Cosmetic Testing On Animals: Eu Takes A Step Back, Andrew N. Rowan
WellBeing News
There has been a tension between the European Union's ban on the marketing of cosmetics that have been tested on animals (passed in 2013) and the directive mandating the development of safety data for industrial chemicals (passed in 2007). This tension has now come out into the open as the European Chemicals Agency has requested a company to perform animal tests on two chemicals that are used only in cosmetics.
Women Dominate Research On The Human-Animal Bond, Harold Herzog
Women Dominate Research On The Human-Animal Bond, Harold Herzog
Herzog - Companion Animal Issues
More women than men are drawn to professions that involve the care of animals. In recent years. female researchers have come to dominate the study of human-animal relationships. While women are underrepresented as subjects in medical research, there are too few male participants in studies of the human-animal bond. The lack of male participants compromises the validity of many studies of human-animal relationships.
"My Octopus Teacher" Wins At Bafta And Oscars, Andrew Rowan
"My Octopus Teacher" Wins At Bafta And Oscars, Andrew Rowan
Tales of WellBeing
The South African documentary, My Octopus Teacher, took home an Oscar and BAFTA for Best Documentary. It is the rare film that allowed the audience to grasp the life and presence of another being’s awareness and place in the world around us.
Farm Animals, Alternative Proteins, Economics & Sustainability, Andrew N. Rowan
Farm Animals, Alternative Proteins, Economics & Sustainability, Andrew N. Rowan
WellBeing News
Investment interest in the alternative protein industry has exploded in the past two years but meat consumption also continues to rise and is projected to double by 2050. Switching to alternative protein sources would have a major positive impact on global sustainability but meat is still far cheaper. As the volume of alternative proteins consumed in the next decade increases, the price differential versus meat should shrink.
"Animal Welfare In China" By Peter J. Li, Pei Su
"Animal Welfare In China" By Peter J. Li, Pei Su
Tales of WellBeing
Pei Su, CEO of ACTAsia, reviews Animal Welfare in China by Peter Li. This “comprehensive” and “well-researched” book challenges the widely held impression that Chinese people are inherently abusive Tales of WellBeingards animals.